Role of INC, sate registration board and professional associations

role of INC , state registration council , and professional associations

1. ROLE OF INC, SATE REGISTRATION BOARD , UNIVERSITY, PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND UNIONS

2. Indian nursing council (INC) Introduction :- The Indian nursing council is an autonomous body under the government of India, ministry of health and family welfare constituted by the central government under section 3 (1) of the Indian nursing council act, 1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors.

3. Aim of INC:- To establish a uniform standard of training for nurses midwives and health visitors. Prohibit training centre , which are in adequate. Prohibit practice of nursing by non-qualified nurses.

4. Establishment :- The Indian nursing council was constituted to establish a uniform standard of education for nurses, midwives , health visitors and auxiliary nurse midwives. The Indian nursing council act was passed by an ordinance on December 31, 1947 . The council was constituted in 1949.

5. Indian nursing council act ,1947 Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. Act No . 48 of Year: 1947 Enactment Date : [31st December, 1947.] Act Objective : - An Act to constitute an Indian Nursing Council. To establish a uniform standard of training for nurses, midwives and health visitors. It is enacted with 17 sections & each section point out the specific legislative role of Council.

6. Amendments in INC act 1957 The act was amended in November 1957 to provide for the following things:- Foreign qualification :- A citizen of India holding a qualification which entitles him or her to be registered with any registering body may, by the approval of the council , be enrolled in any other state register. A person not being citizen of India , who is employed as a nurse , in any hospital or institution in any state , by the approval of President of Council, be enrolled temporarily in state register. In such cases foreign qualifications are recognized temporarily for a period of 5 years. If one continues to practice in India, an extension of recognition should be sought from INC.

7. Indian nurses register :- The council shall cause to be maintained in the prescribed manner a register of nurses, midwives , ANM , and health visitors to be known as the Indian nurses register , which shall contain the names of all person who are for the time being enrolled on any state register. Such register shall be deemed to be a public document within the meaning of the Indian evidence act, 1872.

8. Section-1 Sort title extent, & commencement This Act may be called the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

9. Section-2 Interpretation " the Council” means the 3[Council] constituted under this Act. " prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made under section 16. " State Council" means a Council (by whatever name called) constituted under the law of a State to regulate the registration of nurses, midwives or health visitors in the State. "State register" means a register of nurses, midwives or health visitors maintained under the law of a State.

10. Section-3 Constitution and composition of council :- The indian nursing council consists of the following members:- Elected members – 25 Nominated member – 4 Ex-officio members- 33 The Central Government shall as soon as may be constitute a Council consisting of the following members, namely:A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,G,K,L,M,N .

11. Elected members :- (a) One registered nurse elected by each State Council. (b) Two members elected from heads of institutions recognized by the Council. (c) One member elected by the heads of institutions in which health visitors are trained. (d) One member elected by the Medical Council of India. (e) One member elected by the Central Council of the Indian Medical Association

12. CONT .. (f) One member elected by the Council of the Trained Nurses Association of India. (g) one auxiliary nurse-midwife enrolled in a State register, elected by each of the State Councils in the four groups of States mentioned below, each group taken in rotation in the following order, namely: - ( i ) Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana], (ii) Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, (iii) Karnataka, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal, (iv) Assam, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Orissa

13. Ex-officio members :- (h) The Director General of Health Services ( i ) The Chief Principal Matron, Medical Directorate, General Headquarters (j) The Chief Nursing Superintendent, office of the Director-General of Health Services (k) The Director of Maternity and Child Welfare, Indian Red Cross Society (l) The Chief Administrative Medical Officer of each State other than a Union territory.

14. CONT.. (m) The Superintendent of Nursing Services (by whatever name called), from each of the States in the two groups mentioned below, namely : (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Haryana); Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Orissa, Punjab and Rajasthan) (n) Four members nominated by the Central Government, of whom at least two shall be nurses enrolled in a State register and one shall be an experienced educationalist.

15. CONT.. Three members elected by Parliament, two by the House of the People and the other by the Council of States from among its members.

16. Section-4 Incorporation of the council The Council constituted under section 3 shall be a body corporate by the name of the Indian Nursing Council, having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to acquire property both-movable and immovable.

17. Section-5 Mode of election (1) Elections under sub-section (1) of section 3 by State Councils shall be conducted in accordance with rules made by the respective State Governments, and where any dispute arises regarding any such election it shall be referred to the State Government concerned whose decision shall be final. (2) Other elections under that sub-section shall be conducted in the prescribed manner, and where any dispute arises regarding any such election it shall be referred to the Central Government whose decision shall be final.

18. Section-6 Term office & casual vacancies 1) An elected or nominated President, shall hold office for a term of five years. (2) An member may at any time resign his membership by writing under his hand addressed to the President. (3) Any member shall be deemed to have vacated his seat if he is absent without excuse sufficient to the Council from three consecutive meetings of the Council. (4) A casual vacancy in the Council shall be filled by fresh election or nomination. (5) Members of the Council shall be eligible for reelection.

19. Section-7 Meeting (1) The Council shall hold its first meeting at such time and place as may be appointed by the President, and thereafter the Council shall meet at such time and place as may be appointed by the Council. (2) Until otherwise prescribed, ten members of the Council shall form a quorum, and all the acts of the Council shall be decided by a majority of the members present and voting.

20. Section-8 officers, committees and servant of council (1) The Secretary of the Council shall, for three years , be a person appointed by the Central Government (2) The Council shall (a) Elect from among its members a Vice-President; (b) Constitute from among its members an Executive Committee and such other Committees to carry out the purposes of this Act; (c) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), appoint a Secretary, who may also act as Treasurer; (d) Appoint or nominate such other officers and servants as the Council deems necessary. (e) Require and take security from the Secretary or from any other officer or servant; (f) With the previous sanction of the Central Government, fix the fees and allowances to be paid to the President. Vice President and other members of the Council.

21. Section-9 Executive committee (1) The Executive Committee shall consist of nine members, of whom seven shall be elected by the Council from among its members. (2) The President and Vice-President of the Council shall remain President and Vice- President, respectively, of the Committee. (3) The Executive Committee to deliberate on the issues related to maintenance of standards of nursing programs.

22. Section-10 Recognition of qualification 1) The qualifications included in Part I of the Schedule shall be recognized qualifications, and in Part II of the Schedule shall be recognized higher qualifications. (2) The qualification only when granted after a specified date by the respective state council, shall be a recognized qualification. (3) The Council may enter into negotiations with any authority to which this Act does not extend in India or foreign country.

23. Section-11 Effect of recognition 1.(a) Any recognized qualification shall be a sufficient qualification for enrolment in any State register. (b) No person enrolled in any state register unless he/she holds a recognized qualification. (c) Any person holding a recognized higher qualification can entered as a supplementary qualification in any state register

24. CONT.. 2. In clause(b) subsection (1) (a) a citizen of India holding a qualification which entitles him or her to be registered with any state Council may enrolled in any State register; (b) a person not being a citizen of India who is employed in any State may with the approval of the President of the Council, be enrolled temporarily in that State register. Such period as may be specified & practice shall be limited.

25. Section-12 Power to require information as to courses of study and training and examinations • Every authority in any State which grants a recognized qualification shall furnish such information to the Council from time to time, & the council issues courses of study and training, examinations to be undergone in order to obtain such qualification, as per the council standard.

26. Section-13 Inspection (1) The Executive Committee may appoint number of inspectors. (2) Inspectors appointed under this section shall report to the Executive Committee. (3) The Executive Committee shall forward a copy of such report to the authority or institution concerned, and also forward copies, to the Central Government, the State Government and State Council of the State in which the authority or institution is situated.

27. Types of inspection • FIRST INSPECTION : The first inspection is conducted on the receipt of proposal. • RE – INSPECTIONS : Re-inspections are conducted for those institutions, which are found unsuitable by INC. • PERIODIC INSPECTION : INC conducts the periodical inspections once the institution is found suitable by INC.

28. Process of inspection by INC INC sends a reminder for the missing documents to school or college The general body meeting of INC reviews the case and forwards it with a decision Is the school/college suitable or unsuitable School /college after it has been inspected by state nursing council writes to INC for recognition unsuitable INC ask the requisite documents and 1 st inspection fees Has the school/college sent all the requisite documents The first inspection is conducted by INC and original report submitted for evaluation Recognition granted by INC Re – inspection within one year No yes

29. Section-14 Withdrawal of recognition (1) When, upon report by the Executive Committee, it appears to the Council (a)Any institution fall short of standard by the council. (b)Any institution fall short of standard by a State Council may send information to the INC & an intimation send for the period within which the institution or authority have to submit its explanation to the state Government. (2) On the receipt of the explanation or, where no explanation is submitted within the period fixed, the State Government shall make its recommendations to the Council. (3) The Council, after such further inquiry, may can withdraw the recognition.

30. Section-15 Mode of declaration All declarations under section 10 or section 14 shall be published in the Official Gazette. 15 (A). Indian Nurses Register . (1) The Council shall cause to be maintained Indian Nurses Register in the prescribed manner. (2) It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Council to keep the Indian Nurses Register. (3) Such register shall be deemed to be a public document within the meaning of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 15 (B). Supply of copies of State registers . Each State Council shall supply to the Council twenty printed copies of the State register as soon as may be after the 1st day of April of each year

31. Section-16 Power to make regulations (1) The Council may make regulations not inconsistent with this Act, such regulations may provide for (a) property of the council. (b) Elections (c) The meetings (d) Prescribing the functions of the Executive Committee. (e) Prescribing the powers and duties of the President and the VicePresident ; (f) Prescribing the tenure of office and the powers and duties of the Secretary and other officers. (g) Prescribing the standard curriculum .

32. (h) Prescribing the conditions for admission to courses of training. ( i ) Prescribing the standards of examination. (j) Any other matter

33. Section-17 [Repeal of Ordinance 13 of 1947 by the Indian Nursing Council (Amendment) Act, 1957 (45 of 1957), 1-12- 1958). PART I Recognized qualifications A- General Nursing Certificates (including senior and junior certificates), Diplomas or Degrees in Nursing. B- Midwifery Certificates, Diplomas or Degrees in Midwifery C-Auxiliary Nursing-Midwifery D-Health Visitors- Health Visitor Certificates or Diploma . PART II Recognized higher-qualifications Post-graduation certificates in nursing

34. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

35. COMMITTEES

36. Resolutions Maximum period for the students to complete revised ANM/GNM Programme is 3 and 6 years respectively. Maximum age for teaching faculty is 70years.  Admission to married candidates for all the nursing Programme is allowed. Relaxation of norms to establish M.Sc.(N) Programme . Relaxation of student patient ratio for clinical practice

37. CONT.. Relaxation of teaching faculty qualification to start a B.Sc. (N) Programme . To maintain the quality of post-graduate, INC resolved not to have a M.Sc. (N) Programme through distance education. Institutions should have their own building within two years of establishment. Maximum no. of 60 seats can be sanctioned to the institutions having less than 500 bedded hospital and 100 to those having 500 bedded hospital. Registration of additional qualification.

38. FUNCTION OF INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL 1. Recognizes nurses as separate branch in health services. 2. Regulates nursing training throughout the country. 3. Recognizes qualifications. 4. Seeks information on course of study and training & examination from any states 5. Inspect Schools & Colleges of Nursing. 6. Can withdraw the recognition on nursing institutions. 7. Maintains Indian Nurses Register. 8. Has power to make regulations that govern nursing. 9. Permits title, badge, and uniforms for registered nurses. 10.Brings out publications.

39. GUIDELINES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW NURSING SCHOOLS / COLLEGES Any organization under the central, state government, local body or a private trust should obtain the no objection certificate from the state government. The INC on the receipt of the proposal from the institution to start nursing programme , will undertake the first inspection to assess the suitability. After the approval from INC, the institution shall obtain the approval from state nursing council and examination board. The INC conducts the inspection every year till the first batch completes the programme .

40. Role and responsibility • initiates, prescribes, guide & supervise the different levels of nursing education. • It laid down the qualification for the admission, registration & employment. • It recognizes & approves various institutions for conducting different nursing educational programs. • INC sets educational activities in different occasions like Nurses Day, Breast feeding week, AIDS Day etc. • It regulate the course duration

41. UNIVERSITY

42. Introduction • A university ( Latin: universitas , "a whole ") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.

43. University powers • Under the University of the Sunshine Coast Act 1998 the University has all the powers of an individual. It may, for example: –enter into contracts; –acquire, hold, dispose of, and deal with property; –appoint agents and attorneys; –engage consultants –fix charges, and other terms, for services and other facilities it supplies; and –do anything else necessary or convenient to be done for its functions.

44. Role &Functions of the University Provide education at university standard

45. 2.Provide facilities for, and encourage, study and research

46. Encourage the advancement and development of knowledge .

47. Provide courses of study or instruction .

48. 5. confer higher education awards.

49. 6. Disseminate knowledge and promote scholarship.

50. 7 . Provide facilities and resources for the wellbeing of the University’s staff, students and other persons undertaking courses at the University. 8. Perform other functions given to the University under the Act or another Act. 9.Conduct examination .

51. STATE REGISTRATION NURSING COUNCIL

52. Introduction The state nurses and midwives council was established in 1948 under the provisions of nurses and midwives act with the purpose of “ better training of nurses , midwives & health visitors . It works as an autonomous body under the government of respective states , department of health and family welfare.

53. Power of the state registration council The state registration councils are autonomous to a great extent except that powers to prescribe regulations and syllabus for the various training courses , to recognize examining bodies.

54. Council members President (Director of state health service) Vice president Other member ( 4 Nursing suprintendtent,2 RN,1RM.1Health visitors)

55. Functions of state registration council To inspect school of nursing in their state. To conduct examination for GNM & ANM courses. To prescribe rules of conduct, take disciplinary actions. Registration of nurses & midwives & other. Maintenance of register of nurses, Midwives & other. To renew registration & upgrade registration

56. Registration :- - A register is maintained by each state registration council. This registration is very important as regards to its purposes. - Registration system help to maintain the high standards amongst the professional nurses. It serves as the legal protection to the nurse and also to the public. The nursing council exerts official control of standards of nursing through the registration system

57. Procedure for registration The institution where the student nurse has received education initiates the registration process. The SNC issue diploma to the nurse. After that the application for registration is filled through a form. This form has to be send to the register with the required process fee & a copy of diploma. with the registration process ,the name of the nurse is entered in the state register maintained in the council. Registration certificate is issued to the nurse.

58. Renewal of registration The state nursing council makes a rule that the nurse should renew her registration . The renewal is also obtained by filling an application from which is sent along with Xerox copy of the registration certificate and necessary renewal fees. Renewal certificates indicate that she is still in active practice.

59. Chhattisgarh nurses registration council The Chhattisgarh nurses registration council came in the force from 21/05/2003 onwards. Before this period the trained nurses of the state were registered with MAHAKAUSAL NURSES REGISTRATION COUNCIL. This council started registering the trained nurses under CHHATTISGARH UPCHARIKA PRASAVIKA , SAHAI UPCHARIKA PRASAVIKA TATHA SWASTHYA PARIDARSHAK REGISTRIKARAN ADHINIYAM, 1972.

60. Function of Chhattisgarh nurses registration council To maintain registers of Diploma holder nurses graduate nurses , ANM’s Midwives. Preparation of live registration. Renewal of registration once in every 5 year. Recognition and periodical inspections. To conduct the examination for diploma course and to prepare time schedule. Prescribe rules of conduct and disciplinary action . To maintain uniform standard. Implement Indian nursing council syllabus & norms.

61. Professional association and unions

62. Professional associations Introduction :- A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is usually a nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest.

63. Definition a body acting "to safeguard the public interest;" organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so " act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body."

64. Objectives 1. To understand the role of professional organisations in empowering nurses in their emerging professionalism. 2. To discuss the functions of each professional organizations. 3. To discuss importance of self-assertiveness in safeguarding our profession. 4. To study the vast scope of collective bargaining in nursing profession.

65. PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES (ICN) THE COMMONWEALTH NURSES FEDERATION THE RED CROSS SOCIETY WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) AMERICAN NURSE ASSOCIATION (ANA)

66. AT NATIONAL LEVEL THE INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC) TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (TNAI) CHRISTIAN NURSES LEAGUE THE NURSES LEAGUE OF CHRISTIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

67. AT STATE LEVEL THE STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION (SNA)

68. TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (TNAI)

69. Introduction The association had its beginning in the Association of nursing superintendents which was founded in 1905. they saw the need to develop nursing as a profession and also do provide a forum professional nurses meet and plan to achieve these ends. TNAI was registered under the societies registration act, no. XXI of 1860, on june 16, 1917.

70. Objectives To uphold in every way dignity and honour of the nursing profession. To promotes high standards of nursing care. To advance professional , educational , economic and general welfare of nurses.

71. Functions & role To establish functions , standards and qualifications for nursing practice. To establish a code of ethical conduct for practitioners. To promote legislation and speak for nurses. To promote and protect the economic welfare of nurses. To provide professional counselling and placement service for nurses. To provide continuing professional development. To serve as a official representative of TNAI as a member of ICN. To promote general health of the public .

72. MEMBERSHIP Obtained by application and submission of a copy of your state registration certificate. It is possible to apply for a life membership. It helps you to be informed of current events in nursing and offers opportunities to publish articles and voice opinions.

73. Benefits from TNAI membership It will improve the lives and careers of all professional nurses. It gives you a feeling of belonging and security. Shares and solves the professional problems. It holds national level conferences, scientific and business sessions. Low cost publications for members and students. Continuing education program . Socioeconomic welfare programme. Research studies conducted regularly for the benefits of the members. It provides scholarships for the advanced study. At home with patron of TNAI members at Rastrapati bhavan , every year on nurses day celebrations.

74. Publications of TNAI The nursing journal of India Indian nursing year book Community health nursing manuals Nursing administration and management Fundamental of nursing – a procedure manual TNAI handbook

75. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES

76. Introduction It was formed in 1899. It’s an international association for all nurses in the world. Great emphasis has been on non-discrimination. OBJECTIVES - Promote the development of strong national nurses associations. - Assist national nurses association to improve the standards of nursing and the competence of nurses. - Assist national nurses associations to improve the status of nurses within their countries. - Serve as the authoritative voice for nurses and nursing internationally.

77. ACTIVITIES - Makes policy statements on health and social issues. - Offers a great variety of seminars - Maintaining and improving the status of Nursing around the world MEMBERSHIP All nurses can become members of the ICN but not as individuals. The individual nurse becomes a member if his/her national nurses association is a member of ICN. Nurses in India become members of ICN when they become members of the TNAI.

78. Functions of ICN To provide policy directions to fulfil the objectives of ICN. To establish categories of membership and determine their rights and obligations. Actively working for :- Occupational health and safety Human resource planning and policies Carrier development Continuing education Advanced nursing practice.

79. THE COMMONWEALTH NURSES FEDERATION The Commonwealth Nurses Federation was formally organized in 1973 at Royal Common wealth Society, London and operates in Six regions of the world which are East Africa, Atlantic, Australia, Pacific, South Asia and Europe. The TNAI is also affiliated with the Commonwealth Nurses Federation .It is made up of nurses associations from commonwealth countries.

80. Aims Promote sharing, better communications and closer relationships between its member associations. Provides expert professional advice. Scholarships for advanced study. Financial assistance for professional meetings and seminars. To disseminate professional information for the benefit of nurses.

81. THE INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC) The Indian Nursing Council, which was authorized by the Indian Nursing Council Act of 1947, was established in 1949 . PURPOSE:- Providing uniform standards in Nursing education and reciprocity in Nursing Registration throughout the country.

82. RED CROSS SOCIETY

83. Role and function It follows the directions of the Geneva conventions in an effort to protect victims of armed conflict. Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. They delegate visit and inspect prisoner of war camps. They arrange for delivery of mail and food packages to the prisoners. They also offer emergency relief by providing food and medical supplies. A very valuable service is that of a central tracing agency which helps to locate prisoners of war and missing persons long after a conflict is over. At times of armed conflict or natural disaster within country these help to give comprehensive care to the affected.

84. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION

85. ORGANIZATION:- The world health organisation , commonly called the WHO is also a specialized agency of the United Nations. It was organized in 1948 for the purpose of helping to achieve the highest possible level of health for all people

86. Role and function - It has offered guidance in setting up programmes of Nursing Education. - The WHO promotes public health in many ways around the world. It is currently known for the declaration of working towards “Health for all by 2000 AD”. - This declaration has given a tremendous push to developing primary health care and recognizing the very essential role of nursing in health care system

87. THE STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION (SNA)

88. THE STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION (SNA) Organization : - The Student Nurses Association organized in 1929, is associated with and under jurisdiction of the TNAI. In addition to providing a means of personal and professional development for the nursing student. The assistant secretary of the TNAI serves as advisor for the SNA

89. PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS Help student Nurses learn how the professional organisation serves to uphold the. Promote a close rapport with other student Nurses. Furnish student Nurses advice in their courses of study leading up to professional qualifications. Encourages leadership ability and help students to gain a wide knowledge. Encourage both professional and recreational meetings, Games and Sports. Encourage students nurses develop a co-operative spirit with other student nurses.

90. ACTIVITIES Fund raising for the TNAI. socio-cultural and recreational competitions and conferences. Special prizes given for outstanding achievement in specific areas of nursing education. Unit activities include maintaining the SNA diary of unit activities, giving quarterly reports, preparing articles for publication and distributing application forms for membership in the TNAI. Organization of meeting and conferences . Project undertaking. Exhibition . Public speaking and writing. Propagation of nursing profession.

91. Management at state level State TNAI president SNA advisor Student vice-president Secretary Treasurer Chairperson

92. MEMBERSHIP Fees are minimal and easily met by the nursing student. Nursing students who participate in the Student nurses association have a valuable opportunity to begin to develop leadership skills, competitive skills and an interest for the profession as a whole.

93. THE NURSES LEAGUE OF THE CHRISTIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ORGANIZATION The Nurses league of the christian medical association of India was founded in 1930. It became affiliated to the TNAI in 1936 and promotes membership in this organisation . OBJECTIVES Promote cooperation and encouragement among Christian Nurses. Promote efficiency in nursing education and service. Secure the highest standards possible in Christian nursing education through the Christian schools of nursing. Considering the special work and problems of Christian nurses wherever employed.

94. ACTIVITIES Activities include national and area conferences and retreats for its members. Development of leadership abilities is encouraged by participation in these meetings. Each meeting also allows for sharing of problems common to the Christian nurse. Provides expert professional advice. Provides scholarships for advanced study. Provides financial assistance for professional meetings and seminars

95. THE CHRISTIAN NURSES’ LEAGUE ORGANIZATION The Christian League was formally organized in the year 1930 , though it was actually born with the Christian medical association of India , in the year 1926.

96. Objectives To encourage and promote spiritual fellowship. To secure the highest standard in Christian nursing education. To promote highest efficiency in Christian nursing services. To encourage the highest quality candidate.

97. FUNCTIONS To provide professional training through formal and informal education. Publication of textbooks and other materials and scholarships. To encourage community health work through training, advisory services and technical support . To assist and support churches and health institutions with study and training. To disperse health related information which will help with health education.

98. Activities Christian nurses fellowship Publications Professional advancements Conferences Projects work

99. AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION

100. ANA It was established in 1911. PURPOSE :- To improve quality of nursing care. ACTIVITIES :- Establish standards of nursing care. Develop education standard. Promoting nursing research. Establish a professional code of ethics. Oversee a credentialing system. Protect the economic and general welfare of registered nurses.

101. UNION MEANING A union or labor organization is any organization in which employees participate for the purpose of dealing with their employer about grievances, labour disagreements, wages, hours of work, and conditions of employment.

102. OBJECTIVES OF UNIONS Wages Promotions Layoffs Discipline Grievances procedures Fringe benefits

103. UNIONS IN INDIA At present three unions of nurses are working at the central level. All India Government Nurses Federation (AIGNF) Trained Nurses’ Union (TNU) and Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI) Besides, there are two state level unions, namely, 1. Orissa Nursing Employee’s Association (ONEA), 2. Trained Nurses Association of India, Orissa branch. 3. United nurse association (UNA)