Role_of_Microbes_in_Health_and_Disease_MBBS.pptx

It is about the microbes role in human health and disease

1. Role of Microbes in Health and Disease MBBS Lecture Presentation

2. Introduction Microbes = bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, archaea They play both beneficial and harmful roles in humans Balance between health and disease depends on host-microbe interactions

3. Role in Health: Normal Flora Human microbiota found in gut, skin, oral cavity, respiratory & genitourinary tract Colonization resistance – prevent pathogens from attaching Synthesize vitamins (K, B12, folic acid) Aid digestion of complex carbohydrates

4. Role in Health: Protection & Immunity Lactobacillus in vagina maintains acidic pH Skin microbiota prevent pathogenic colonization Gut microbes produce SCFAs → energy & protection Microbial exposure helps immune system maturation

5. Role in Health: Therapeutic Uses Probiotics restore gut microbiome balance Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in Clostridioides difficile infection Future therapies: microbiome engineering

6. Role in Disease: Pathogens Bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi Viruses: HIV, Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 Fungi: Candida albicans (oral/vaginal thrush) Protozoa: Plasmodium (malaria)

7. Role in Disease: Opportunistic Infections Normal flora can cause disease in immunocompromised hosts Examples: Pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis, Candida after antibiotics

8. Role in Disease: Toxin Production Clostridium tetani → neurotoxin (tetanus) Vibrio cholerae → cholera toxin → watery diarrhea

9. Microbes in Chronic Diseases Dysbiosis linked to obesity, diabetes, IBD, colorectal cancer Helicobacter pylori → peptic ulcers & gastric cancer

10. Microbes & Autoimmunity Molecular mimicry → autoimmunity Example: Streptococcus pyogenes → rheumatic fever Gut dysbiosis → autoimmune disorders, allergies

11. Summary Microbes maintain nutrition, digestion, and immunity They also cause infections, toxin-mediated & chronic diseases Maintaining balance is key to health