Rural development, Rural development Policies and Strategies.

A Seminar topic on Rural development, Rural development Policies and Strategies.

1. K arnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences U niversity, Bidar , Karnataka College of Fisheries Mangaluru Rural development, Rural development Policies and Strategies Presented by Satyaveer (I.D No- MFK-1930) Department of Fisheries Resources & Management College of Fisheries Mangalore [email protected]

2. RURAL DEVELOPMENT Rural development is a strategy designed to improve the economic and social life of rural poor. It is a process, which aims at improving the well being and self realization of people living outside the urbanized areas through collective process. Rural Development is all about bringing change among rural community from the traditional way of living to progressive way of living. It is also expressed as a movement for progress.

3. The United Nations defines Rural Development as: “Rural Development is a process of change, by which the efforts of the people themselves are united, those of government authorities to improve their economic, social and cultural conditions of communities in to the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national programme .”

4. Meaning of Rural Collin’s cobuild dictionary describes the word rural as “places for away from towns or cities” Sociology point of view rural is defined as a group of people who are traditionalists in out look, rooted in the land and who resist change.

5. DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE Rural infrastructure and habitat development Poverty reduction Provision of basic minimum services Employment generation Making available basic necessities

6. Factors differentiating rural marketing from urban marketing • Infrastructure availability : Electricity supply, finance facility, education level, roads connectivity • Income streams : In rural areas in is seasonal and highly unreliable, consumption pattern is quite different • Life style: Daily routine of consumers is different • Context : Because of variation in infrastructure and income , an individual exists in rural areas is different

7. Socio : Cultural back ground :value system, goods/services and consumption in general is quite different • Accessibility : The cost and logistics is high • Media reach and habits: Different types of promotional strategy in these two markets. • Nature of competition : the nature and intensity of competition amongst the brands is very different in the two markets • Consumer behaviour : the consumer’s response to marketing stimulate differs widely in two markets

8. Rural Development Approaches Rural development programs were historically top-down approaches from  local  or  regional  authorities,  regional development agencies ,  NGOs , national governments or international development organizations. Rural development aims at finding ways to improve rural lives with participation of rural people themselves, so as to meet the required needs of rural communities. The  New Rural Reconstruction Movement  in China has been actively promoting rural development through their ecological farming projects

9. Development Objectives of Rural Areas Improvement of Economic Capabilities Improvement of Human Capabilities Improvement of Protective Capabilities Improvement of Political Capabilities

10. Rural Development in India – The Concept Improvement in the level of living standard including employment, education, health nutrition, housing and a variety of social services. Decreasing in equality in distribution of rural incomes and in the rural urban imbalances in incomes and economic opportunities. To sustain the capacity of rural sector.

11. 7 Major Rural Development Policies of India 1. Land Policy 2. Technology Policy 3. Agricultural Policy 4. Employment Policy 5. Education, Research and Extension Policy 6. Rural Institutions Policy 7. Price Policy.

12. Components of Rural Development Policy Environmental Conditions - The first component is the individual and his environment. The individuals need to develop the skills and abilities to make effective use of resources that the natural environmental conditions are providing. On the other hand, the individuals are required to generate awareness in terms of various strategies and approaches that are required for the preservation of the environment.

13. 2. Ecological Settings The Ecological setting refers to the principle biophysical characteristics at multiple scales that have a strong influence upon the composition, structure, and function of the particular ecosystem, over a long period of time and serve to describe and distinguish it ecologically. The major aspects that need to be taken into account in the case of ecological settings are, wetness, soil depth, temperature, solar exposure and wind exposure that define the ecological characteristics

14. 3. Technology The rural individuals have recognized the significance of technology. They are aware that making use of technical methods would make their tasks and activities manageable. In the present existence, they are making use of technical methods in the agriculture sector, farming practices and production and manufacturing of goods. In addition to the use of technology in the implementation of tasks and activities, individuals are also making use of it, in the form of mobile phones and computers to augment their knowledge and information.

15. 4. Infrastructure The development of infrastructure is integral to the development of rural areas. The infrastructural facilities that need to be developed in rural communities are, roads, transportation, communications, power supplies, water supplies, public services, broadcasting and telecommunications.

16. 5. Law and Order Law and order is referred to the maintenance of peace and tranquillity, which the citizens are required to put into operation for obeying the law of land. For instance, there has been prevalence of discriminatory treatment and criminal and violent acts within rural communities. Through the implementation of law and order, the individuals, who are doers, get subjected to disciplinary action. Therefore, the main objective of law and order is to ensure the individuals make provision of equal rights and opportunities to both males and females. Furthermore, there should not be any kind of discrimination on the basis of any factors, including, caste, creed, race, religion, ethnicity, gender and socio-economic background.

17. 6. Education The education is regarded as the main instrument that lays the foundation for the individuals to lead to progress in all areas and in rich their overall quality of lives. In rural communities, the system of education is not in a well-developed state. Measures need to be formulated to bring about improvements in these aspects, so there would be an increase in the enrolment of students in schools.

18. 7. Training Programs The development of training programs among rural communities is essential for the progression and well-being of the individuals as well as to enable them to augment productivity and profitability . There have been establishment of training centres, which are providing knowledge and rendering an effective contribution in the up-gradation of skills of the individuals. The different areas include, health care, diet and nutrition, child development, handicrafts and artworks, and so forth.

19. 8. Distributive Justice The distributive justice involves operationalization of the value of access entails exercises of power and authority. It follows both the matter of common sense and empirical observation . The creation, structuring, reinforcement and boundaries of access opportunities will be related to the main features of distribution of management and power within society.

20. 9. Medical and Health Care The establishment of health care centres are regarded to be most significance, as individuals, belonging to all age groups and backgrounds are required to take care of their health care needs and requirements. When the individuals are in good health, then they would be able to effectively get involved in the implementation of various tasks and activities.

21. Strategies of Rural Development 1. The Multi-purpose Strategy The Community Development Program (CPD) began in 1952. It had the main objective of promoting development of material and human resources through the co-operative efforts of the individuals and assistance available from the state. It was regarded as an educational and an organizational process. The major objective was social and economic improvement. The activities of CPD included, agriculture, animal husbandry, irrigation, water resources, co-operation, village and small scale industries, health and sanitation, communication, housing and so forth

22. 2. Growth Oriented Strategy The growth oriented strategy was based on rural individuals. Though rural individuals are residing in the conditions of poverty and backwardness, but they also possess sharp mind-sets and can make wise decisions. The main objective of rural individuals is to enhance their living conditions and to achieve this purpose, they are looking for employment and income generating opportunities.

23. 3. Target Group Strategy In the target group strategy, a particular group is undertaken and researched upon. Normally, as in this case, strategies for rural development are being researched upon. Therefore, conditions may be analysed of small and marginal farmers, as well as wealthier farmers. The conditions of small and marginal farmers are not in an improved state. They are residing in the conditions of poverty and backwardness and therefore are unaware of modern and innovative strategies and methods that are considered essential to augment production.

24. 4. Area Development Strategy Under the area development strategy, emphasis has been put upon the development of backward regions. This strategy presumes that the growth centres have a geographical spread effect that the regions, which are deficient in terms of resources or infrastructure etc. The major programs that have been formulated under this strategy are, Drought Prone Area Program (DPAP), Tribal Area Development Program (TADP), Command Area Development Program (CADP), Hill Area Development Program and so forth.

25. 5. Spatial Planning Strategy The spatial planning strategy is the strategy that demands for implementation of special programs in their respective locations, induction of the production plans, employment programs and supply of basic needs of rural population. In order to achieve these objectives, the programs and the strategies need to be rural oriented. it was vital for the individuals to generate awareness in terms of techno-economic, socio-political and administrative functions.

26. 6. Integrated or Holistic Strategy Integrated or holistic strategy has been formulated, taking into consideration the perspective that development should be an integrated one. There is an integration in the development of areas, regions, infrastructure, education, employment opportunities, human resources, training, skills development programs and the overall quality of lives of rural individuals.

27. 7. Participatory Strategy During the past two decades, various new approaches like the top-down planning, planning from below, bottom up planning, micro-level planning and multi-level planning, have been put into operation within the framework of involving the individuals in the phase of development. When the individuals are participating in the decision making processes, then they are required to implement rational and logical thinking. The rural individuals are well-aware in terms of opportunities, which would lead to improvements in their living conditions.

28. Rural development agencies (IIRR) International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (Philippines ) is a non-profit organization that helps empower rural communities by making them self. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA)  Agricultural and rural information provider USDA Rural Development (Washington, D.C), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture USDA is committed to helping improve the economy and quality of life in rural America. Through our programs, we help rural Americans in many ways. Together, America Prospers.

29. ( ADATS) Agricultural Development & Training Society, Karnataka India ( AzRIP ) Azerbaijan Rural Investment Project  in  Azerbaijan ( NARI) Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute , Maharashtra India is an NGO and a non-profit research and development institute Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement ,  Philippines is a non-governmental organization

30. Reference 1. Rural Development Approaches and Strategies Dr. Radhika Kapur Chapter III. ( n.d .). Role in Maintenance of Law and Order of District. Retrieved April 05, 2019 from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/124675/4/chapter%203.pdf Chapter III. ( n.d .). Rural Development Approaches and Strategies in India. Retrieved April 06, 2019 from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/131642/10/10_chapter%203.pdf Chapter 4. ( n.d .). Effective Approaches for Rural Development. Retrieved April 07, 2. wikipedia.org/wiki/ Rural_development 3. https://www.slideshare.net/nabilakm1/rural-development-programmes-in-india