Saint Benedict, Abbot and Confessor 480-547.pptx

St Benedict of Nursia, Abbot and Confessor, Founder of Western monasticism

1. SAINT BENEDICT Abbot and Confessor, c.480-547 Founder of Western monasticism

2. Sources of information - Apart from a short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of Pope Gregory I's four-book Dialogues, thought to have been written in 593

3. the best sources: - a handful of Benedict's disciples. Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino, Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St. Gregory wrote his Dialogues, - Valentinianus, and Simplicius

4. He was the son of a Roman noble of Nursia, the modern Norcia, in Umbria in 480

5. At about 20 years of age, in the midst of his literary studies, he began to understand the real meaning of the dissolute and licentious lives of his companions, and he had been deeply affected by the love of a woman. He compared all this with the life taught in the Gospels, and chose the latter

6. the disorder and vices of the capital drove him into solitude while still a youth. It was a time of public peril and social ruin.

7. The Roman empire was crumbling to pieces, shaken by the successive inroads of barbarians, and a prey to every species of violence and corruption - he abandoned the schools and left around A.D. 500 .

8. he took his old nurse with him as a servant and they settled down to live in Enfide (Affile), near a church dedicated to St. Peter, in some kind of association with "a company of virtuous men" who were in sympathy with his feelings and his views of life

9. At Enfide Benedict worked his first miracle by restoring to perfect condition an earthenware wheat-sifter (capisterium) which his old servant had accidentally broken

10. The notoriety which this miracle brought upon Benedict drove him to escape still farther from social life, and "he fled secretly from his nurse and sought the more retired district of Subiaco".

11. he now determined to be poor and to live by his own work. "For God's sake he deliberately chose the hardships of life and the weariness of labour

12. He settled in a cave with a large triangular-shaped opening, about ten feet deep. On his way from Enfide , Benedict met a monk, Romanus, whose monastery was on the mountain above the cliff overhanging the cave.

13. Romanus had discussed with Benedict the purpose which had brought him to Subiaco, and had given him the monk's habit.

14. Romanus advised Benedict to become a hermit, and for three years, unknown to men , he lived in a cave above the lake

15. He suffered temptations. - The Evil One took the shape of a beautiful woman, with whose image the youthful recluse had been familiar in Rome, and so worked upon his senses that he was on the point of abandoning his solitude in search of the beauty which haunted him. Summoning all his fortitude he stripped himself of the vestment of skins, which was his only covering, rushed naked amongst the thorns and briars which grew around his retreat, and rolled himself amongst them till he had extinguished the impure flame which devoured him. No impulses of sensual passion ever revisited him

16. on the death of the abbot of a monastery in Vicovaro, the community came to him and begged him to become their abbot

17. He warned them of the severity of the rule he would exercise, but they insisted. He had hardly commenced his office, however, when they broke out into fierce resentment against him, and attempted to poison him. - The cup containing the poison was no sooner taken into the hands of Benedict than it burst asunder; and, calmly reproving them for their ingratitude, he left them and withdrew once more into his solitude

18. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people, attracted by his sanctity and character, came to Subiaco to be under his guidance

19. For them he built in the valley twelve monasteries, in each of which he placed a superior with twelve monks. In a thirteenth he lived with "a few, such as he thought would more profit and be better instructed by his own presence ". He remained, however, the father or abbot of all.

20. With the establishment of these monasteries began the schools for children; and amongst the first to be brought were Maurus and Placid

21. Young patricians from Rome and elsewhere were attracted to these fraternities; and amongst them one of the name of Maurus (St Maur) who began to share in popular esteem something of the sanctity and miraculous endowments of Benedict, and who was destined to be his successor

22. Saint Benedict knew Placido had fallen into the lake. He sent Mauro, who walked upon the water.

23. Florentius, moved by envy, tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread. A raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent

24. The life at Subiaco and the character of St. Benedict attracted many to the new monasteries, and with their increasing numbers and growing influence came the inevitable jealousy and persecution,

25. This culminated with a vile attempt of a neighboring priest to scandalize the monks by an exhibition of naked women, dancing in the courtyard of the saint's monastery. To save his followers from further persecution Benedict left Subiaco and went to Monte Cassino

26. Upon the crest of Monte Cassino "there was an ancient chapel in which the foolish and simple country people, according to the custom of the old Gentiles, worshipped the god Apollo. Round about it likewise upon all sides there were woods for the service of devils, in which, even to that very time, the mad multitude of infidels did offer most wicked sacrifice.

27. The man of God, coming hither, beat in pieces the idol, overthrew the altar, set fire on the woods and in the temple of Apollo built the oratory of St. Martin: and where the altar of the same Apollo was, he made an oratory of St. John: and by his continual preaching he brought the people dwelling in those parts to embrace the faith of Christ ”

28. instead of building several houses with a small community in each, he kept all his monks in one monastery and provided for its government by appointing a prior and deans

29. Cassino was on one of the great highways to the south of Italy, and at no great distance from Capua. This brought the monastery into more frequent communication with the outside world. It soon became a centre of influence in a district in which there was a large population, with several dioceses and other monasteries. Abbots came to see and advise with Benedict. Men of all classes were frequent visitors, and he numbered nobles and bishops among his intimate friends.

30. There were nuns in the neighbourhood whom the monks went to preach to and to teach.

31. There was a village nearby in which St. Benedict preached and made many converts. The monastery became the protector of the poor, their trustee, their refuge in sickness, in trial, in accidents, in want.

32. the saint prophecied to King Totila, of the Goths, - he rebuked him for his wicked deeds, and in a few words told him all that should befall him, saying 'Much wickedness do you daily commit, and many sins have you done: now at length give over your sinful life. Into the city of Rome shall you enter, and over the sea shall you pass: nine years shall you reign, and in the tenth shall you leave this mortal life.'

33. St. Benedict had a wonderful vision in which he came as near to seeing God as is possible for man in this life. St . Gregory and St . Bonaventure say that Benedict saw God and in that vision of God saw the whole world

34. he saw the soul of Germanus, Bishop of Capua, in a fiery globe carried up by the angels to Heaven”

35. his sister Scolastica, who too had forsaken the world and given herself to a religious life with an enthusiasm and genius like his own.

36. the rules of the order permitted the brother and sister to meet only once a year. He had come to pay his accustomed visit. They had spent the day in devout converse, and, in the fullness of her affection, Scolastica entreated him to remain, and "speak of the joys of heaven till the morning ."

37. Benedict was not to be prevailed upon, when his sister burst into a flood of tears, and bowed her head in prayer. Immediately the heavens became overcast; thunder was heard, and the rain fell in torrents, so that it was impossible for Benedict to depart for the night, which was spent in spiritual exercises.

38. Benedict beheld the soul of his sister, which was departed from her body, in the likeness of a dove, to ascend into heaven

39. Benedict fell ill and he commanded his monks to carry him into the oratory, where he did arm himself receiving the Body and Blood of our Saviour Christ; and having his weak body holden up betwixt the hands of his disciples, he stood with his own hands lifted up to heaven; and as he was in that manner praying, he gave up the ghost"

40. He was buried in the same grave with his sister "in the oratory of St. John the Baptist, which [he] himself had built when he overthrew the altar of Apollo" (ibid.). There is some doubt whether the relics of the saint are still at Monte Cassino, or whether they were moved in the seventh century to Fleury

41. Benedicts spiritual and cultural legacy

42. Heavily influenced by the writings of John Cassian ( c. 360 – c.  435), it shows strong affinity with the earlier Rule of the Master, but it also has a unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness

43. "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture "

44. and helped Europe to emerge from the " dark night of history" that followed the fall of the Roman empire ” Pope Benedict XV

45. not even the founder himself foresaw all the prospective advantages of his law, which was destined not merely to make many a wilderness and solitary place to rejoice with fertility, but to expand, moreover, into a noble intellectual fruitfulness, which has been the glory of the Benedictine order

46. The Benedictine rule - The saint's purpose was not to institute an order of clerics with clerical duties and offices, but an organization and a set of rules for the domestic life of such laymen as wished to live as fully as possible the type of life presented in the Gospel. Later, the Church imposed the clerical state upon Benedictines, &w ith the state came a preponderance of clerical and sacerdotal duties

47. The importance of work – a means to goodness of life - to bring men "back to God by the labour of obedience, from whom they had departed by the idleness of disobedience” God's elect should at the beginning, when life and temptations are strong in them, "be wearied with labour and pains Work is the universal lot of man, necessary for his well-being as a man , and essential for him as a Christian The Rule, therefore, is entirely occupied with regulating the life of a community of men who live and work and pray and eat together, and this is not merely for a course of training, but as a permanent element of life at its best

48. the superiors - Should always be present and in constant touch with every member in his government , which is best described as patriarchal, or paternal

49. Poverty - it was no part of St. Benedict's conception of monastic life that his monks, as a body, should strip themselves of all wealth and live upon the alms of the charitable (Franciscans);

50. rather his purpose was to restrict the requirements of the individual to what was necessary and simple, and to secure that the use and administration of the corporate possessions should be in strict accord with the teaching of the Gospel

51. Management of material and spiritual goods - the individual monk was poor, the monastery was to be in a position to give alms, not to be compelled to seek them. It was to relieve the poor, to clothe the naked, to visit the sick, to bury the dead, to help the afflicted, to entertain all strangers. The poor came to Benedict to get help to pay their debts

52. Obedience - The Benedictine takes no explicit vow of poverty; he only vows obedience according to the Rule. The rule allows all that is necessary to each individual, together with sufficient and varied clothing, abundant food (excluding only the flesh of quadrupeds), wine and ample sleep

53. Vow of stability - the community have bound themselves, by their promise of stability, to spend their lives together under the Rule

54. Community - there is absolute communism in possessions, by the rigorous suppression of all differences of worldly rank

55. PRAYER - that the whole Psalter will be said in the course of a week.

56. Prayer is coexistent with the whole life, and life is not complete at any point unless penetrated by prayer

57. PUBLIC PRAYER - This is short and is to be said at intervals, at night and at seven distinct hours during the day

58. " If anyone wishes to pray in private, let him go quietly into the oratory and pray,

59. Pray not with a loud voice, but with tears and fervour of heart".

60. "Our prayer ought to be short and with purity of heart, except it be perchance prolonged by the inspiration of divine grace"

61. Wisdom - the saint had learnt that the regeneration of the individual, is not reached by the path of solitude, nor by that of austerity, but by the beaten path of man's social instinct, with its necessary conditions of obedience and work; and that neither the body nor the mind can be safely overstrained in the effort to avoid evil

62. He was named patron protector of Europe by Pope Paul VI in 1964 . In 1980, Pope John Paul II declared him co-patron of Europe, together with Cyril and Methodius. Furthermore , he is the patron saint of speleologists

63. Romería Regional de San Benito Abad, Tenerife.

64. COMMEMORATIONS OF ST BENEDICT The Eastern Orthodox Church 14 March .  The Lutheran Churches July 11 .

65. The Anglican Communion generally commemorate him on July 11

66. ST BENEDICT’E MEDAL - Around the medal's outer margin are the words "Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur" ("May we be strengthened by his presence in the hour of our death"). The other side of the medal has a cross with the initials CSSML on the vertical bar which signify "Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux" ("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for "Non-Draco Sit Mihi Dux" ("Let not the dragon be my guide"). The initials CSPB stand for "Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti" ("The +of the Holy Father Benedict") and are located on the interior angles of the cross

67. Either the inscription "PAX" (Peace) or the Christogram "IHS" may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the Vade Retro Satana initials VRSNSMV which stand for "Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana" ("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify "Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas" ("Evil are the things thou profferest, drink thou thine own poison"

68. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at Natternberg near Metten Abbey in Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of the cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on the crosses

69. Benedict contributed more than anyone else to the rise of monasticism in the West. His Rule was the foundational document for thousands of religious communities in the Middle Ages . To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than 1,400 years after its writing

70. ADVICE FOR SUPERIORS - even in his corrections, let him act with prudence, and not go too far, lest while he seeketh too eagerly to scrape off the rust, the vessel be broken. Let him keep his own frailty ever before his eyes, and remember that the bruised reed must not be broken

71. let him study rather to be loved than feared. Let him not be violent nor over anxious, not exacting nor obstinate, not jealous nor prone to suspicion,

72. let him be prudent and considerate .

73. In the works which he imposes let him be discreet and moderate

74. Saint Benedict, pray for us.

75. LIST OF PRESENTATIONS IN ENGLISH CHRIST Resurrection – according to the gospels Christ the King Christ lives Body of Christ - Corpus Christi 1,2,3,4 Christ and his Kingdom Sacred Heart 1 + 2 – bible and doctrine – Haurietis aquas – the cult of the Sacred Heart Vocation to beatitude Vocation to evangelize with Christ CHURCH Divine Revelation Priestly Ministry Human Community Church, Mother and Teacher Signs of hope youth synod CULTURE and HISTORY Columbus and the discovery of America Confraternities and processions– Hispanic Diwali – Festival of lights – Hindi feast Football in Spain President Trump Russian Revolution and Communism 1, 2, 3 Sevilla's fair Virgen del Pilar and Hispanicity FAMILY, CHILDREN Grandparents Love and Marriage 1,2,3 – 4,5,6 – 7,8,9 Dignity of women – John Paul II God of Love (sex) World Meeting of Families Rome 2022 – festival of families Familiaris Consortium 1,2,3,4 GOD Angels Come Holy Spirit God is Love 1,2– Benedict XVI Man, image of God Trinity LITURGICAL YEAR Advent and Christmas, 1 + 2 All departed souls All Saints – Halloween for Christians Carnival and Lent Christmas – the birth of our Lord Holy Week for adults Holy Week for children 8+ years Holy Week - drawings for children Holy Week – Views of the last hours of JC – the passion Sunday – Lord's Day – JP2 Thanksgiving POPE FRANCIS – TRAVEL Pope Francis in Africa Pope Francis in America Pope Francis in Bahrain 1+ 2 Pope Francis in Brazil WYD 2013 Pope Francis in Bulgaria and Macedonia Pope Francis in Canada 1,2,3 Pope Francis in Central African Republic Pope Francis in Chile 1 + 2 Pope Francis in Cyprus Pope Francis in Colombia 1 + 2 Pope Francis in Congo 1+ 2 Pope Francis in Cuba 2015 Pope Francis in Egype Pope Francis in Slovakia 1 + 2 Pope Francis in Europe – parliament Pope Francis in Fatima Pope Francis in Greece Pope Francis in Holy Land, - Israel, Palestine Jordan Pope Francis in Hungary 2021 + 2023 Pope Francis in Iraq 1,2,3 Pope Francis in Ireland – world meeting of families Pope Francis in Kenya Pope Francis in Japan Pope Francis in Kazakhstan 1+ 2 Pope Francis in Malta Pope Francis in Mexico Pope Francis in Mexico 2016 Pope Francis in Mongolia Pope Francis in Morocco Pope Francis in Panama – WYD 2019 Pope Francis in Peru Pope Francis in Poland - Auschwitz Pope Francis in Poland WYD 2016 Pope Francis in Portugal 2021 + WYD 2023 Pope Francis in Romania Pope Francis in Sudan Pope francis in Sweden Pope Francis in Thailand Pope Francis in Uganda Pope Francis in United Arab Emirates MARIA Fatima – History of the Apparitions of the Virgin Mary and the Bible Mary Doctrine and Dogmas Medjugore pilgrimage Virgin of Guadalupe, Mexico – apparitions Virgen de Pilar – Hispanic festival Our Lady of Sheshan, China SCIENCE Mars Rover Perseverence – Spanish Juno explores Jupiter Parker Solar Test MORAL AND ETHICAL Christian holidays - JP2 Conscience, human community, human freedom and salvation justification and grace, Life in Christ, merit and holiness moral law, Morality of human acts, Passions, Sin, Sincerity social justice, Social Life – participation, Virtue, vice United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Human Dignity – declaration of dicastery for doctrine of faith Vocation – www.vocation.org Vocation to evangelize Vocation to beatitude Pope John XXIII – Peace on Earth Pope Paul VI Pope Juan Pablo II – Redeemer of man, Karol Wojtyla + Pontificado 1+2 Pope Benedict XVII - in Germany WYD 2005 POPE FRANCIS – DOCUMENTS love and marriage - Amoris Laetitia – 1.2 – 3.4 – 5.6 Christ lives - 1,2,3 – 4,5,6 – 7,8,9 Evangelii Gaudium 1,2,3,4,5 Gaudete et Exultate 1,2,3,4,5 FRATELLI TUTTI - 1,2 – 3,4,5 – 6,7,8 LAUDATE Sii 1 – care of the common home 2 – gospel of creation 3 – The root of the ecological crisis 4 – integral ecology 5 – lines of action 6 – Ecological Education and Spirituality LAUDATE DEUM LUMEN FIDEI – chapter 1,2, - 3,4 Misericordiae Vultus in Spanish – Face of Mercy Dear Amazonia 1,2,3,4

76. SAINTS and MARTYRS Martyrs of Albania Martyrs of Algeria Martyrs of England and Wales Martyrs of Holland Martyrs of Korea Martyrs of Libya Martyrs of Japan Martyrs of Rumania Martyrs of Turkey Martyrs of Uganda Martyrs of Vietnam Martyrs of North American Saint Albert the Great Saint Alphonsus Maria Liguori Saint Ambrose of Milan Saint Alcuin of York Saint Andrew, Apostle Saint Anthony of Padua Saint Anthony of the desert (Egypt ) Saint Benedict, abbot and confessor Saint Bruno, founder of the Carthusians Saint Buenaventure, bishop, doctor ch Saint Charles Borromeo Saint Clement of Rome, Pope and Martyr Saint Ciyil y Methodius Saint Columbanus 1,2 Saint Damian of Molokai Saint David I, King of Scotland Saint Donnán, irish mok and missionary to Scotland Saint Daniel Comboni Saint Dominic de Guzman, Dominican founder Saint George and the legend of the dragon Saint Dominic Savio Saint Stephen, proto-martyr Saint Philip Neri, founer, priest Saint Fidelis of Simaringen, martyr Saint Francis of Assisi 1,2,3,4 Saint Francis de Sales Saint Francis Xavier Saint George and the legend of the dragon Saint Ignatius of Loyola Saint Joaquin and Saint Ana Saint Joseph, worker, husband, father Saint John Bosco, founder of the Salesians Saint John Chrysostom Saint John of Damascus Saint John of God, founder Saint John of the Cross Saint John Ma Vianney, Curé de'Ars Saint John Henry Newman, Cardinal Saint John N. Neumann, of Philadelphia Saint John Paul II, Karol Wojtyla Saint John Ogilvie, Scottish Jesuir Martyr Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist Saint Justin, martyr Saint Leo the Great Saint Luke the Evangelist Saint Mark the Evangelist Saint Martin de Porres Saint Martin of Tours Saint Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist Saint Maximilian Kolbe Saint Nazarius and Celsus Saint Nicholas (Santa Claus) Saint Paul, 1 + 2 Saint Padre Pio of Pietralcina Saint Patrick and Ireland Saint Perpetua and Felicity Saint Peter Claver Saint Robert Bellarmine Saint James the Apostle Saint Simon and Judah Thaddeus, apostles Saints Timothy and Titus, bishops, martyrs Saint Zacharias and Elizabeth , - parents of John the Baptist Saint Thomas Becket Saint Thomas Aquinas Saint Valentine Saint Vincent of Paul Saint Zacharias and Saint Elizabeth Saint Agatha, virgin and martyr Saint Agnes of Rome, virgin and martyr Saint Bernadette of Lourdes Saint Brigid of Ireland Saint Catherine of Alexandria, - virgin and martyr Saint Catherine of Siena Saint Cecilia Saint Dymphna Saint Faustina and divine mercy Saint Elizabeth of Hungary Saint Gemma Galgani Saint Joah of Arc Saint Juliana Falconieri Saint Lucia, virgin and martyr Saint Margaret of Scotland Saint Maria Goretti Saint Mary Magdalene Saint Martha, Mary and Lazarus Saint Monica, mother of Saint Augustine Saint Perpetua and Felicity Saint Rita of Cascia Saint Rose Philipine Duchesne, virgin Saint Teresa of Avila Saint Teresa of Calcutta Saint Therese of Lisieux 1 + 2 Saints Martha, Mary, and Lazarus For comments – email – [email protected] – fb – Martin M Flynn Donations to IBAN CH51 0900 0000 1612 7928 5 CHF Account number 16-127928-5 BIC POFICHBEXXX

77. LISTA de PRESENTACIONES en ESPAÑOL CRISTO Resurrección – según los evangelios Cristo Rey Cristo vive Cuerpo de Crito - Corpus Christi 1,2,3,4 Cristo y su Reino Sagrado Corazón 1 + 2 – biblia y doctrina– Haurietis aquas – el culto del Sagrado Corazón Vocación a la bienaventuranza Vocación a evangelizar con Cristo IGLESIA Revelacíon Divina Ministerio sacerdotal Comunidad humana Iglesia, madre y maestra Signos de esperanza Sinodo jovenes CULTURA Y HISTORIA Colón y el descubriento de America Confraternitdades y processiones– Hispanic Diwali – Festival de luz – Fiesta Hindi Futbol en España Presidente Trump Revolución y el Comunismo 1, 2, 3 Feria de Sevilla Virgen del Pilar y Hispanicidad FAMILIA, HIJOS, NIÑOS Abuelos Amor y Matrimonio 1,2,3 – 4,5,6 – 7,8,9 Dignidad de la mujer – John Paul II Dios de Amor (sexo) Encuentro Mundial de Familias - Roma 2022 – festival de ls familias Familiaris Consortium 1,2,3,4 DIOS Angeles Ven Espiritu Santo Dios es Amor 1,2– Benedicto XVI El hombre, imagen de Dios Trinidad AÑO LITURGICO Adviento y Navidad 1 + 2 Todos las Almas Todos los Santos– Halloween para Cristianos Carnival y Cuaresma Navidad– el nacimiento del Señor Semana Santa para adullos Semana Santa para niños 8+ años Semana Santa – dibujos para niños Semana Santa– Vistas de las ultimas oras de JC – La Pasión Domingo– Dia del Señor – JP2 Accion de Gracias - Thanksgiving MARIA Fátima – Historia de las Aparitciones de la Virgen Maria y la Biblia Maria Doctrina y Dogmas Medjugore peregrinación Virgen de Guadalupe, Mexico – aparitciónes Virgen del Pilar –festival hispanica Nuestra Señora de Sheshan, China SCIENCE Mars Rover Perseverence – Spanish Juno explora Jupiter Parker Sonda Solar MORAL Y ETICA Vacaciones Cristianos - JP2 Conciencia, Comunidad Humana, Libertad Humana y Salvacion Justificación y gracia, Vida en Cristo, Merito y Santidad, Ley moral Moraliidad de actos humanos, Pasiones, Pecado , Sinceridad Justicia social ,Vida Social– participacion,Virtud Las Naciones Unidas y la declaración universal de los derechos humanos. Dignidad Humana – declaracion del dicasterio por la doctrina de la fe Vocación– www.vocation.org Vocación a evangelizar Vocación a la bienaventuranza Papa John XXIII – Paz en la tTerra Papa Paul VI Papa Juan Pablo II – Redentor del hombre, Karol Wojtyla + Pontificado 1+2 Papa Benedicto XVII – en Alemania JMJ 2005 PAPA FRANCISCO – DOCUMENTOS Amor y matrimonio- Amoris Laetitia – 1.2 – 3.4 – 5.6 Cristo vive - 1,2,3 – 4,5,6 – 7,8,9 Evangelii Gaudium 1,2,3,4,5 Gaudete et Exultate 1,2,3,4,5 FRATELLI TUTTI - 1,2 – 3,4,5 – 6,7,8 (somos todos hermanos) LAUDATE Sii 1 – cuidado de la casa común 2 – evangelio de la creación 3 – la raiz de la crisis ecologica 4 – ecologia integral 5 – lineas de acción 6 –Educación y Espiritualidad Ecological LAUDATUM DEUM LUMEN FIDEI – capitulo 1,2, - 3,4 Misericordiae Vultus in Spanish – Rostro del Perdón Querida Amazonia 1,2,3,4 PAPA FRANCISCO – VIAJES Papa Francisco en Africa Papa Francisco en America Papa Francisco en Bahrain 1+ 2 Papa Francisco en Brazil WYD 2013 Papa Francisco en Bulgaria and Macedonia Papa Francisco en Canada 1,2,3 Papa Francisco en Central African Republic Papa Francisco en Chile 1 + 2 Papa Francisco en Chipre Papa Francisco en Colombia 1 + 2 Papa Francisco en Congo 1+ 2 Papa Francisco en Cuba 2015 Papa Francisco en Egypto Papa Francisco en Eslovaqiia 1 + 2 Papa Francisco en Europa – parliamento Papa Francisco en Fatima, Portugal Papa Francisco en Grecia Papa Francisco en Tierra Santa, Israel, Palestine Jordan Papa Francisco en Hungria 2021 + 2023 Papa Francisco en Iraq 1,2,3 Papa Francisco en Ireanda – encuentro mundial de familias Papa Francisco en Kenia Papa Francisco en Japón Papa Francisco en Kazaquistan 1+ 2 Papa Francisco en Malta Papa Francisco en Marruecos Papa Francisco en México Papa Francisco en México 2016 Papa Francisco en Mongolia Papa Francisco en Panama – JMJ 2019 Papa Francisco en Peru Papa Francisco en Polonia- Auschwitz Papa Francisco en Polonia – JMU - 2016 Papa Francisco en Portugal 2021 + JMJ 2023 Papa Francisco en Romania Papa Francisco en Sudan Papa Francisco en Suecia Pope Francis en Tailandiia Papa Francisco en Uganda Papa Francisco en United Arab Emirates

78. SANTOS Y MÁRTIRES Mártires de Albania Mártires de Algeria Mártires de Corea Mártires de England and Wales Mártires de Olanda Mártires de Libia Mártires de Japón Martires de Rumania Máritres de Turquía Mártires de Uganda Mártires de Vietnam Mártires de Nortd America San Alberto Magno San Alfonso Maria Liguori San Ambrosio de Milan San Alcuino de York San Andrés, Apostol San Antonio de Padua San Antonio del desierto (Egypto ) San Benedicto, abad y confesor San Bonaventura, obishpo, doctor igleis San Bruno, - fundador de los cartujos San Carlos Borromeo San Ciril and Metodio San Clemente de Roma, papa y martir San Columbanus 1,2 San Damian de Molokai San Daniel Comboni San David I, Rey de Escocia San Domingo de Guzman, -fundador de los Dominicos San Dominic Savio San Donnán, misionario a Escocia San Esteban, proto-martir San Felipe Neri, fundador, sacerdote San Fidelis of Simaringen, martir San Francis co de Asís 1,2,3,4 San Francisco de Sales San Francisco Xavier San Ignacio de Loyola San Joaquin y Santa Ana San Jorge, y la leyenda del dragón San José, obrero, marido, padre San Juan Bosco, fundador de los Salesianos San Juan Crisostom San Juan Damascene San Juan de Dios, fundador San Juan de la cruz San Juan Ma Vianney, Curé de'Ars San Juan E. Newman, cardinal San Juan N. Neumann, obispo de Filadelfia San Juan Ogilvie, Jesuita, Escosés, Martir San Juan Paul II, Karol Wojtyla San Juan, Apostol y Evangelista San Justin, Martyr, doctor San Leon el Grande San Lukas, Evangelista San Marcos, Evangelista San Martin de Porres San Martin de Tours San Mateo, Apostol y Evangelista San Maximiliana Kolbe San Nazareo y Celso, martires San Nicolas (Santa Claus) San Pablo, 1 + 2 San Padre Pio de Pietralcina San Patricio de Irlanda San Pedro Claver Santa Perpetua y Felicidad San Roberto Bellarmino Santiago, Apostol San Simon y Judas Tadeo, apostoles Santos Timoteo y Tito, obispos, mártires San Zacharias e Isavel, - padres de Juan el Bautista San Tomás Beckett San Tomás de Aquinas San Valentino San Vincent e de Paul San Zacharias y Santa Isabel Sant’ Agueda, virgen and martir Santa Bernadita de Lourdes Santa Brigid a de Irlanda Santa Caterina de Alexandria, virgen y martir Santa Caterina de Siena Santa Cecilia, virgen e martir Santa Dinfna, Santa Faustina y la divina misericordia Santa Gemma Galgani Sant’ Agnes of Rome, virgen y martir Sant’ Isabel de Hungria Sant’ Agnes, virgen y martir Santa Juliana Falconieri Santa Juana de arc Santa Lucia, virgen y martir Santa Margarita de Escocia Santa Maria Goretti Santa Maria Magdalena Santa Marta, Maria y Lazaro Santa Monica, madre de San Augustine Santa Perpetua y Felitdad Santa Rita de Cascia Santa Rosa Filipine Duchesne Santa Teresa deAvila Santa Teresa de Calcutta Santa Terese de Lisieux 1 + 2 Para commentarioa – email – [email protected] fb – Martin M Flynn Donativos a IBAN CH51 0900 0000 1612 7928 5 CHF Account number 16-127928-5 BIC POFICHBEXXX