Sarvendriyanam nayanam pradhanam ~ Dr.Nijil A.V

WHY EYES ARE IMPORTANT AMONG ALL THE SENSE ORGANS..

1. SARVENDRIYANAM
NAYANAM
PRADHANAM
Dr.NIJILA.V. BAMS
PG SCHOLAR MS (AYU)

2. Introduction
“Sarvasyagatrasyasirahpradhanam
SarvendriyanamNayanamPradhanam
Shannamrasanamlavanampradhanam
Bhavetpaneeyanudakampradhanam”.(Neetisatakam.-Chanakya)
Head is important among the body.
Eyes Are Important Among All Senses.
Salt is important among ‘6’ tastes.
water is important among liquids.
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3. All-out efforts should be made by men to protect the eyes throughout
the period of life ;For the man who is blind this world is useless, the
day and night are the same even though he may have wealth.
(A H.U.13/98)
Its proved that 80% of the knwoledgeare gained through
vision(direct knowledge perception).
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4. 4
श्रोत्रत्वकघ्राणरसनै: श्रेष्टैरपिसमन्वित:।
बलवणााध्युिेतोअपिनष्टद्रुककुड्यसपिभ:॥(च.सू८/९)
If a person is endowed with all other sensory faculties, strength
,beautiful appearance,etc., but without eye sight , he will be as
useless as an insect.
Salakyatantrahas got synonym as Caksurveda.
Salakyatantrais one among the ashtangasof Ayurveda and for
that it got a synonym like Caksurveda.it shows the importance
of the netra.

5. 5
In Sushrutha, Uttara sthanafirst chapter is about the netra.
On dalhanacommentryhe says,
तत्रसवेषुउत्तमान्ग्स्थेषुसम्ख्यापिपभवााच्येषुनयनगतरोगापभधानम,
सवेन्वियाणाममध्येनयनस्यप्रधानत्वात।
Among the uttamangasas nayanais pradhaanaso first
explains about the rogasaffecting nayana.
In sushruthasamhithaUttara stanafirst 19 chapters are about
netrarogasand pratishedas.
In AshtangaHridaya, 9 chapters of Uttarastanaare
exclusively for netrarogas.

6. 6In sharangadharasamhithaa chapter is for netrakarma vidhiand
explains the different netratreatment methods and anjanas,
rasakriyasetc
In vangasenaeye diseases are described in a chapter with 575
slokaswhich is lengthiest one compared to other chapters.
सौवीरमन्ग्जनमपनत्यमपितमक्ष्णस्ततोभजेत।
चक्षुस्तेजोमयमतस्यपवशेषातश्लेष्मतोभयम॥
योजयेत्सप्तरात्रेअस्मात्स्रावणारथमरसान्ग्जनम। (A H SU. 2/5 )
Vagbhatamentioned Sauveeranjanaas one of the dinacharyain
sutrastana2
nd
chapter.
It shows the importance of netrato be preserved on daily basis as
anjana.

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Vagbhatamentioned Asruvegaas the one among the
adharaneeyavega,
If suppressed cause symptoms like िीनस, अपक्षपशरह्रुिवेिना,
मन्य्थम्भ, अरुपच, भ्रम. गु�ाetc.
Following are some of the prayers for normal functioning of
eye which is described in Yajurveda.
oचक्षुषेत्वामिीनाियोअपस।
oत्वाचक्षुषािश्यापम।
oचक्षुष्याअग्नेअपसचक्षुमिापि।
oयआगनिुनश्चक्षु: ।
This shows how netrais to be protected, as its an important
indriyaamong all.

8. Anatomical aspects
Netra is located in the Uttamanga(shiras).
Eye is highly Sensitive Organ in the body (eg: A dust particle
create severe irritation).
It is supplied by End Arteries.
It is continued by Optic Nerve (2nd Cranial Nerve.).
It has direct contact with Meningeal Layers Of Brain.
It has two Avascular Structures (Cornea & Lens).
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9. Synonyms of netraare,
Nayana Chakshu
Akshi Netra budbuda
Akshigolaka Nayanabudbuda
Netragolaka Drishti
Linga Lingaakara
Trimurti Shivashakti
Trikala Bhutasarakaetc..
Nayanais the only indriyawhich has got innumeroussynonyms as
like this in classics.
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10. Ayurvedicview
Sushruthaacharyamentioned detailed anatomy of netraother than
any other organ in the body.
Shape as , SuvrtthamGosthanakaram.
PANCHAMAHA BHUTA ( PANCHA BHUTA PRASADAJAM NETRAM )
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11. Dhathurelations
Rasa -Eye Lids, Cornea, Tears, Aqueous Humour.
Rakta-Vascular Coat Of Eye.
Mamsa-Intra And Extra Ocular Muscles.
Medas-Lens, Vitreous humour, Fat In The Orbital Cavity.
Asthi-Bones Of Orbital Cavity, Part Of NasoLacrimal Duct,
Nervous Coat.
Majja-Eye Lashes, Eye Brows, Excreta Of Eye.
Sukra-Luster Of Eye, Oiliness Over Eye Lids, Strength Of Eye.
As Nayanais composed of sapthadhathuin defferentlevel or parts its
considered as important.
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12. 12
Mandala-Sandhi-Patala(Layer-Joint-Segment)
• Mandalas-5, sandhis-6, patalas-6 in number.
• Diseases of mandalas are described separately.
• Disease of sandhisare described as a whole.
• Patalagatadiseases described under vartmagata, drishtigata,
sandhi gatadiseases.
• Sadhya-Asadhyatadescribed based on depth of Patala.eg:
linganasa–4th Patala.
• Vagbhatasays‘2’ sirasof foot have their course up to eye, by
which applied snehareaches to eye.

13. Visual Path Way -
Cornea Aqueous Humour
Pupil Lens Vitreous
Humour Retina
Optic Nerve Optic Chiasma
Optic TractLateral Geniculate
Body Optic Radiations
Visual Cortex.
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14. 14
VATA PITTA KAPHA
Prana-Dharana Ranjaka-
Chromatographoresof
iris, pigmented layer of
retina
Tarpaka–
Aqueoushumour &
vitreous humour, Tears
Udana–Bala, smritiBhrajaka–Lids, cornea,
lens
Sleshmaka–B/w 6
sandhiesin eyes
Vyana–Unmesha,
Nimesha
Alochaka–Rods and
cones of retina
------
Doshasin netra

15. Out of Gnyanendriyasall other 4 indriyasare depend on
vision & its previous memory to fulfilltheir function.
For eg; Tactile -It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision if
pricked with Thorn / Needle.
So netrais important among the indriyas.
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16. Pathological aspects
Eye diseases are more in number than any other organs.
Acc. To Sushrutha–76 eye diseases are told which is most number given
by Sushruthafor any organ.
And adopted 4 types of general and two types of specialised classification.
General classification On the basis of,
opredominance of dosha
opart of eye affected
oprognosis
osurgical treatment
The specialised classification includes;
oEye injuries
oEye diseases of children
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17. out of that acco. Part affected devidedas,
Sandhigatarogas–09
Suklagatarogas–11
Vartamagatarogas-21
Krishnagatarogas–04
Drishtigatarogas–12
Sarvagatarogas-17
Acc. To Vagbhata--94 in total
This shows the importance of netrawhich has got the maximum
number of diseases.
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18. 18During Examination or Rogipareeksha, Darshanapareekshahas
got an important role among all.
Eg-
1. MutraPariksha -Shapes Of TailaBindu
2. Mala Pariksha -Colour
3. AnoRectal Examination -ArshoYantraVeekshana.
4. Twak -Eka Kushta, Sidhma Kushta etc
5. Vrana -SravaVarna ( Colour Of Discharge)
6. General examination-gait,bala,built,pallor,icterus,clubbing
etc
From birth to death in diagnosis darshanapareekshais used ,
ie,
Apgar scoring of new born Death conformation (dilation
of pupil)

19. Therapeuticalaspects
Netra kriyakalpasare highly beneficial in netrachikitsa. It’s a
bahiparimarjanachikitsaand has several advantages over oral
administration
Sushruthasamhithahas reserved a full chapter (Utta.18) to expound
kriyakalpa.
AshtangaHridayaand sangrahahave described these procedures in
two separate chapters entitled : ‘Ascyotana-anjanavidhi’ and
‘Tarpana-putapakavidhi’
Sarangadharasamhitha-‘Netra prasadankarmani’ adhyaya.
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20. 20
By giving seperatechapter for these procedures of netraits
understood that how Netra is pradhanaamong the Indriyas.
Treating through eyes give good result in some diseases such
as Shirashoola, Kamala, Sleeplesnessetc.
In good qualities of a doctor an Eagle Eye (In Diagnosis)
was described.

21. 21Marmas
अपान्ग:
भ्रुिुच्छान्तयोरधोअक्ष्णोबह्यतोअिन्ग्गौ|
Its वैक�करममा&पसराममा
आवर्त
भ्रुवोरुिररपनम्नयोरावतोनाम|
Its वैक�करममा& सन्विममा
श्रुन्गाटक
घ्राणश्रोतअपक्षपजह्वासतिाणीयमपसराणाममध्येपसरसपििातश्रुन्ग्गाटकापन|
Itsसध्योप्राणहरममत&पसराममा
These three marmasare situated in and around netra& injury to this may
result in severe conditions & can lead to death of the person also.

22. Literary aspects
Eye is the only organ to have a
Upanishad by its name “Chakshushya
Upanishad” .
Indian writers used eye as a tool to
Praise Beauty of a person
eg: Padmaksha
Naming the person with the name of
eye eg: Meenakshi,Kamakshi,
Lohithakshan,Nayana
Psychological State of hero /villain was
narrated by the expression of eye
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23. 23EYE DONATION
Eyes are one of the most important sensory organ in human body
because it renders vision and the power to see. Visually impaired
people feel that their life is incompletes they can’t see things.
Corneal blindness is common among them . In these eye donation
can be done by replacing the cornea.
In this case from a person two blinds can get the vision.
NPCB
National programme for control of blindness.
Centrally sponsored scheme with the goal to reduce the prevalence of
blindness.
Launched in 1976 in indiaas the first country to launch the programme

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Eyes are that best protect us from danger among all the sense
organs.
Sight and vision help to connect people with their surrounding.
Our world is filled with an extreme verietyof colours ,shape
and patterns.
Our eyes are not just performing a task they are the portal
through which our brain can tell us about our world, learn new
things and make wonderful memories. All of which are reason
why vision is such an important thing to taken care of.
Thus we can say that,
“SARVENDRIYANAM NAYANAM PRADHANAM ”

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THANK YOU…