SCH203(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PART1 FOR SLT).pptx

Introduction to organic chemistry for slt year 1 and year2 students if tertiary institution.

1. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 1 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Study Section 5 Methane, energy of activation and free radical substitution reactions in alkanes Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Open and Distance Learning Centre.

2. Introduction Alkanes are generally very stable, relatively inert molecules. However, when a mixture of an alkane and a halogen such as chlorine or bromine is exposed to UV light, substitution reactions occur, forming haloalkanes . SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 2

3. Learning Outcomes When you have studied this session, you should be able to: 5.1 Discuss about Free Radical Substitution reactions. 5.2 Discuss about the phases of Radical Chain Reactions. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 3

4. Learning outcomes continue 5.3 Discuss about the Free Radical Substitution reaction between the following: Methane and Chlorine Methane and Bromine Methylbenzene and Chlorine. MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 4

5. Free Radical Substitution Reaction These are reactions in which one atom in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms through Free radical mechanism. CH 4 +Cl 2 -------- CH 3 Cl + HCl SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 5

6. Process of Free radical reaction Radical chain reactions  have three distinct phases: initiation, propagation, and termination MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 6

7. Initiation MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 7

8. Propagation MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 8

9. Termination It occurs when two free radical species react with each other to form a stable, non-radical adduct. MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 9

10. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 10 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

11. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 11 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Study Section 6 FUNCTIONAL GROUP CHEMISTRY Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Open and Distance Learning Centre.

12. Introduction In organic chemistry,  functional groups  are specific groups of atoms within molecules, which are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.  The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of 12 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

13. Learning Outcomes When you have studied this session, you should be able to: 6.1 Discuss about the basic concept of functional groups. 6.2 Discuss about all the common classification of functional groups in organic chemistry. 13 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

14. 14 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Identification of Functional groups

15. Functional Groups in Molecule A functional group can be defined as an atom or a group of atoms in a molecule which exhibits characteristic chemical properties. 15 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

16. 16 Identification of functional groups continue SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

17. 17 Thank you for listening ..See you in the next class SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

18. 18 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Study Section 7 Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Open and Distance Learning Centre. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

19. Learning Outcomes When you have studied this session, you should be able to: 7.1 Discuss about the brief overview of a substitution reactions. 7.2 Discuss about the types of substitution reactions alongside its different mechanisms and its differences. MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 19

20. Nucleophilic Substitution A Nucleophilic substitution reaction in organic chemistry is a type of reaction where a nucleophile gets attached to the positive charged atoms or molecules of the other substance. 20 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

21. What is a Nucleophile? What are the examples of Nucleophiles? 21 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Nucleophile

22. Mechanisms of Nucleophilic substitution reactions. 22 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 S N 2 Reaction S N 1 Reaction

23. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions 23 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 The Electrophilic substitution reactions are basically defined as those chemical reactions where the electrophile replaces the  functional group  in a compound but not the hydrogen atom

24. 24 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Electrophiles What are electrophiles? Examples of elctrophiles Types of electrophilic substitution reactions.

25. Differences between Electrophile and Nucleophile 25 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 ELECTROPHILE NUCLEOPHILE Also called as Lewis acid. Also called as Lewis base. They are positively charged/ neutral. They are negatively charged/ neutral. They undergo electrophilic addition and electrophilic substitution reactions. They undergo nucleophilic addition and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Electron-deficient. Electron-rich. It accepts a pair of an electron to form a covalent bond. It donates pair of an electron to form a covalent bond. All carbocations. All carbanions. Example: Hydronium Ion Example: Chloride Ion

26. 26 Thank you for listening ..See you in the next class SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

27. 27 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Study Section 8 Aromaticity Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Open and Distance Learning Centre. SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1

28. Introduction 28 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 What are Aromatic Compounds? Examples of aromatic compounds Descorvery and structure of benzene

29. 29 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Properties of Benzene Physical properties Chemical proprties

30. 30 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Substition reactions in benzene Nitration Sulphonation Halogenation Fridel Crafts reaction

31. 31 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Uses of Benzene As Solvent As a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds.

32. 32 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Spectral information Monosubstituted Disubstituted Polysubstituted

33. MKT 211: Elements of Marketing 33 Resonance Energy of Benzene What is resonance energy?

34. The table below contains relevant information for calculating resonance energy of molecules. 34 SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1 Calculating resonance energy

35. 35 Thank you for listening ..See you in the next class SCH 203: Organic Chemistry 1