School Management

This presentation is helpful for students of Graduate and Master Educational programs, Prepared for Course of Elementary School Management AIOU Islamabad Pakistan,.

1. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MANAGEMENT CODE No: 622

2. School Management Unit–2

3. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Management is the process of group directed actions toward the common goal. What Does Management Do? Do things better and in organized way Make sure the optimum utilization of limited resources. What is the Process of Management? Management process is based on the individual and collective decision making keeping in view the goals of an organization. i . Planning ii. Organizing iii. Monitoring and controlling, iv. Evaluating.

4. Concept of School Management To handle To control To make and keep submissive To organize To alter by manipulation To carry out for a purpose

5. Concept of School Management Staff management Teaching and learning (Educational management) Pupil affairs management (Students management) Physical resources management (Physical facilities management) Routine facilities management School administration Financial management (fee, fund, grants etc.) School-Community relations (Parental involvement, community participation) Classroom management

6. Operational Areas in the School Management School–Community Relations Curriculum and Instruction Staff-Personnel Students/Pupils-Personnel Physical facilities with-in school Finance Management General Duties Others (Classroom Management )

7. Principles of School Management 1.School policies are designed in the light of governmental policies, which shape specific goals to be achieved by the school. 2 . Reinforce and motivate the administrative body to boost the task efficiency of the subordinates. 3 . Make personnel, funds, opinions rewards and punishment democratically to direct the school towards united and harmonious direction. 4 . Increase the staff motivation by strengthening the personnel management. Look, listen and understand more. Promote a spotlight on mobile management. 5 . Emphasize delicate campus planning, improve working environment, and inspire employees’ professional spirit.

8. 6. Encourage in-service teacher education to improve teaching methods and counseling skills 7 . To respect and serve rather than manage 8. Focus on teachers’ sense of honor and responsibility 9. Focus on research, experimentation, innovation and the teaching profession. 10 . Enhance teaching equipment and make good use of social resources. 11 . Incorporate the five main themes of education, and teach students in accordance with their aptitudes to maximize their talents . 12. Focus on the planning and delivery of special education services . 13. Strengthen life education, moral education, and traffic safety education. 14 . Develop good relationships with communities . Principles of School Management

9. SCOPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT school management includes the following activities under its scope 1) Planning of all activities and programes of the school in the beginning of the session-admission . 2 ) Distribution of academic and co-curricular activities among staff members keeping in view their interest, abilities and experiences. 3 ) Preparation of budget for the year indicating receipts and proposed expenditure on different heads. 4 ) Preparation of time table 5) Provision of staff 6 ) Provision of equipment and furniture-purchase, repair and. 7 ) Provision of books for school library- purchase and maintenance 8 ) Organization of academic work-ensuring completion of course in time

10. 9) Organization of co-curricular activities. 11) Regular class supervision 10) Maintenance of records and register. plans and obtaining grants. 12 ) Conduct of exams , half yearly, annual and Board exams 13 ) Promotion of students to next higher class 14 ) Maintenance of discipline 15) Maintenance of play fields 16 ) Hostel administration 17) Coordinating the work of teachers 18) Evaluating the progress 19) Community contact. 20) Maintaining relations with supervising officers 21) Directing and motivating teachers 22) Taking decision on important policy matters

11. BASIC ELEMENTS OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Following are the basic elements of school management given by Dash & Dash (2008), Policy making Planning Budgeting Organizing Directing Controlling Coordination Decision making Evaluating

12. POLICY MAKING Concept of Policy Policies are basic guidelines that direct the organization towards the attainment of specific objective. Formulating Policy Policy formulation is the process of exchanging view among different groups, people or individuals in the organization. It is always be determined by means of negotiation, and agreement must be arrived between differences in the views of participants. Different Types of Policy i . Macro-level (National educational policy ) ii. Meso -level (School policy) iii. Micro-level (classroom policy and subject related policy)

13. PLANNING Concept Planning Planning is the process of anticipatory decision making about choosing specific methods, selecting priorities, evaluating alternatives to achieve the goals of organization. Reasons for and benefits of planning Some reasons for doing planning are: Resources for education are not as abundant as we want them to be demands Showed educational outcomes to the resource providers quality accountability for the effectiveness ensure that an organization achieves its goals. Planning makes the utilization of purposeful, prioritized and orderly activities Dimensions of Planning

14. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ( Budgeting ) a. Schools as Non-profit Organizations b. How Education Financing at Macro level Reflects in Education Financing at Local or School Level The Management of School Finances a) Planning Of School Finances b) Organizing School Finance c) Control of School Finances

15. Organizing Organizing is the process of arranging and allocating work, authority, and resources among an organization’s members so they can achieve an organization’s goals efficiently. It is a process of synchronization of human, physical and financial resources and ordering priorities and preference among the available resources.

16. Steps in Organizing Organizing entails following responsibilities on managers: Division of tasks among the subordinates and organize them in an orderly manner in order to achieve the objectives of the organization Assign duties , authorities and responsibilities Grouping the subordinates by determining the relations among them so that they cooperate with each other Making all the subordinates or staff realize the objectives and targets of projects and organization

17. DIRECTING It is said to be the heart of management process because it initiates actions in a desired direction . It is the process in which manager instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the employees to achieve predetermined objectives. It consists of all those activities that help in encouraging and motivating subordinates to work effectively and efficiently in planned direction .

18. CONTROLLING The Concept of Controlling is a function of management that verifies whether task performed is in line with the plan adopted. It ensures the effective and efficient utilization of resources to achieve the organizational objective or plans . It also measures the deviations that are found in actual performance and the planned outcomes such deviation helps in corrective actions. It involves three elements: Establishing standards of performance Measuring current performance Comparing this performance to the established standards, and if deviations are detected, taking corrective action.

19. COORDINATING Coordinating is the process of coordinating and inter-relating the various activities and responsibilities of individuals or groups in an organization to provide unity of actions in the pursuit of a common goal. In an organization different department performed different functions so all the departments must operate in an integrated manner that the organizational objective can duly be achieved.

20. THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS Everyone makes decisions in their life that affect their future but managers’ decisions have effect on other people. The principals in schools are continually involved in decision making that are directly concerned to school, staff, parents, community and pupil. Some of its steps are listed below . Step 1: Identify the problem Step 2: Develop or identify different options. Step 3: Weigh up the alternatives and select the best possible option from those available . Step 4: Choose the best alternative Step Step 5 : Implement the decision Step Step 6 : Follow up the implementation and evaluate the decision

21. EVALUATION Formative Evaluation It is used when the project is in operation or purposes not easily definable in precise and explicit terms Summative Evaluation It is used when the project has a single predominant object Indicators of Evaluation . The following are areas in evaluation : 1. Academic Leadership 2 . Resource Management 3 . Human Relations

22. PUPIL MANAGEMENT Pupil Management in the Context of School Management The general aims of pupil management include Forms of Co-curricular Activities social activities : bands, song groups, Speech activities School clubs Publication. Social gatherings or activities School Assemblies Student council or government Income generating activities

23. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS School is a formal organization and its primary task is educative teaching. School and educational policies are made keeping in view the desires of the community and nation. School and teachers are often regarded as the secondary educator of the child while parents are considered as primary educator. Therefore their involvement in school related activities is important to come to know about the community desires and also because due to the fact that parents involvement significantly increases the performance of pupil. a. The need for and the value of parent involvement b. Parent-Teacher Partnership

24. ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT Islamic perspectives in management studies are newly emerging field. Islamic tradition is rich with principles of effectively managing the organization and social matters of daily life. Principles of Islamic management Taqwa (fear of Al-Mighty Allah ) Ihsan (forgiveness ) Adl (justice ) Ikhlas (sincerity ) Shura (consultative decision making process) Muraqabah (supervision) Amanah (responsibility) Muhasabah (accountability) Akhlaq (moral and ethical behavior)