SCIENCE 9 UNIT 1 MODULE 1 GRADE 9 SCIENCE DEPED

SCIENCE 9 UNIT 1 MODULE 1

1. SCIENCE THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL WORLD THROUGH OBSERVATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND THE TESTING OF THEORIES AGAINST THE EVIDENCE OBTAINED . OVERVIEW PAGE2

2. BIOLOGY THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT STUDIES LIVING ORGANISMS.

3. BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

4. LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT UNIT 1

5. Organization of life

6. cell

7. tissue

8. organ

9. Organ system

10. HUMAN

11. Wordscapes !

12. eht the

13. mahun human

14. btrieagnh breathing

15. styems system

16. the human breathing system

17. BREATH IN AND OUT. NOTICE YUR CHEST AND BELLY MOVING AND FEEL THE SOFT AIR PASSING FROM THE NOSE. LISTEN TO THE QUIET SOUNDS OF BREATHING IN AND OUT. IMAGINE THE AIR MOVING FROM THE NOSE INTO THE THROAT, THROUGH THE AIR TUBES, AND INTO THE AIRSACS.

18. THE PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT ARE IN CHARGE OF SUPPLYING OXYGEN ARE THE: NOSE, NASAL PASSAGEWAYS , WINDPIPE/TRANCHEA, BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI LUNGS DIAPHRAGM.

19. IN THE NOSE AND NASAL PASSAGES , THE ENTERING AIR IS MADE WARM , DAMP, AND CLEAN OF UNKNOWN PARTICLES. NEXT, THE AIR MOVES DOWN THE TRANCHEA, BRONCHI, BRONCHIOLES, AND ALVEOLI. TRANCHEA-IS THE EMPTY TUBE THAT SERVES AS PASSAGEWAY OF AIR INTO THE LUNGS. BRONCHI-ARE TWO BRANCHING TUBES THAT CONNECT THE TRANCHEA TO THE LUNGS. BRONCHIOLES – ARE HAIRLIKE TUBES THAT CONNECT TO THE ALVEOLI. ALVEOLI-ARE THE AIRSACS THAT ALLOW GAS EXCHANGE IN THE LUNGS

20. THE AIR WE BREATHE IN GOES THROUGH THE NOSE , NASAL PASSAGES , AND THEN THROUGH THE TRANCHEA OR WINDPIPE, WHICH SEPARATES INTO TWO BRANCHES, CALLED BRONCHIAL TUBESOR BRONCHI, ONE ENTERING EACH LUNG. THE BRONCHI SUBDIVIDE MANY TIMES INSIDE THE LUNGS ,ANALOGOUS TO THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF GRAPES,FINALLY BECOMING HAIRLIKE TUBES CALLED BRONCHIOLES . IN THE LAST PART OF THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES ARE TINY BUBBLE-LIKE BUNCH OF STRUCTURES CALLED ALVEOLI OR AIRSACS.

21. ACTIVITY TIME!!! WHAT A BUNCH OF GRAPES. HOW ARE A BUNCH OF GRAPES AND THE HUMAN’S RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ALIKE ?

22. SHOW A PICTURE OR GRAPES

23. QUIZ PAGE 5

24. THE Diaphragm READ WHATS ON PAGE 6

25. diaphragm A MUSCLE THAT HELPS YOU BREATHE. IT SITS UNDER YOUR LUNGS AND SEPARATES YOUR CHEST CAVITY FROM YOUR ABDOMEN

26. AIR PRESSURE-THE AIR AROUND YOU A HAS FORCE , AND IT PRESSES AGAINST EVERYTHING IT TOUCHES.WE CALL IT AS AIR PRESSURE. AIR PRESSURE MOVES FROM AREA OF GREATER CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LESSER CONCENTRATION.

27. HOW DOES A DIAPHRAGM HELP IN BREATHING?

28. WHEN YOU BREATHE IN OR INHALE , THE DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE CONTRACTS. INHALING MOVES THE DIAPHRAGM DOWN AND EXPANDS THE CHEST CAVITY. SIMULTANEOUSLY, THE RIBS MOVE UP AND INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE CHEST CAVITY.THERE IS NOW MORE SPACE AND LESS AIR PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS. AIR PUSHES IN FROM THE OUTSIDE WHERE THERE IS HIGHER AIR PRESSURE IT PUSHES INTO THE LUNGS WHERE THERE IS LOWER AIR PRESSURE.

29. WHEN YOU BREATHE OUT OR EXHALE , THE DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE RELAXES. THE DIAPHRAGM AND RIBS RETURN TO THEIR ORIGINAL PLACE. THE CHEST CAVITY RETURNS TO ITS ORIGINAL SIZE . THERE IS NOW LESS SPACE AND GREATER AIR PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS . IT PUSHES THE AIR OUTSIDE WHERE THERE IS LOWER AIR PRESSURE.

30. QUIZ!

31. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

32. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS THE LIFE SUPPORT STRUCTURE THAT NOURISHES YOUR CELLS WITH NUTRIENTS FROM THE FOOD YOU EAT AND OXYGEN FROM THE AIR YOU BREATHE . IT CAN BE COMPARED TO A COMPLEX ARRANGEMENT OF HIGHWAYS , AVENUES AND LANES CONNECTING ALL THE CELLS TOGETHER INTO A NEIGHBORHOOD.

33. SEQUENCIALLY , THE COMMUNITY OF CELLS SUSTAINS THE BODY TO STAY ALIVE.ANOTHER NAME FOR THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM . THE CIRCLUTAORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS WITH OTHER BODY SYSTEMS TO DELIVER DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN THE BODY.IT CIRCULATES VITAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS . AT THE SAME TIME, IT ALSO TRANSPORTS WASTES AWAY FROM THE BODY.

34. PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

35. HEART PUMPS THE BLOOD TROUGHOUT THE BODY.

36. BLOOD VESSELS -CARRIES THE BLOOD TROUGHOUT THE BODY. 1.ARTERIES -CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART TO THE CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS OF THE BODY. 2.VEINS - CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE HEART 3.CAPILLARIES -THE SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BODY, CONNECTING THE SMALLEST ARTERIES TO THE SMALLEST VEINS. THE ACTUAL SITE WHERE GASES AND NUTRIENTS EXCHANGED.

37. BLOOD CARRIES THE MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.

38. ACTIVITY TIME!!! DRAW AND LABEL THE PICTURE WITH THE MAIN PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.DRAW IT IN A ONE WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER.

39. QUIZ!

40. HOW THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORK TOGETHER

41. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF ORGANS IN THE BODY THAT HELP US TO BREATHE. JUST REMEMBER THAT THE WORD RESPIRATION IS LINKED TO BREATHING. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DISTRIBUTING MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY. TAKE NOTE THAT CIRCULATION MEANS TRANSPORTATION OR MOVEMENT IN CIRCLES. BOTH SYSTEMS ARE ESSENTIALLY MEANT FOR EACH OTHER . THE COMMON PURPOSE COULD NOT BE ATTAINED WITHOUT THE OTHER SYSTEM .

42. AIR FIRST ENTERS YOUR LUNGS AND THEN INTO THE LEFT PART OF YOUR HEART. IT IS THEN DRIVEN BY YOUR HEART INTO THE BLOODSTREAM, ALL THE WAY THROUGH YOUR BODY. THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD, WHICH TRANSPORTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS , OXYGEN, AND OTHER CHEMICALS TO EVERY CELL IN YOUR BODY. ONCE IT REACHES THE CELLS, OXYGEN PROCESSES THE NUTRIENTS TO RELEASE ENERGY. CARBON DIOXIDE IS GIVEN OFF DURING THIS PROCESS . THE BLOOD DELIVERS CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE RIGHT PORTION OF YOUR HEART, FROM WHICH IT IS PUMPED TO THE LUNGS. CARBON DIOXIDE LEAVES YOUR BODY THROUGH THE LUNGS WHNE YOU EXHALE.

43. VEINS AORTA *artery LUNGS CAPILLARY RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE

44. ACTIVITY TIME!!! DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 8.

45. QUIZ!

46. THE HUMAN HEART

47. DO YOU KNOW HOW BIG YOUR HEART IS? TAKE A LOOK AT YOUR FIST . THE HEART IS A HOLLOW MUSCLE , WHICH IS AS BIG AS YOUR FIST. IT HAS FOUR CHAMBERS WITH SPECIFIC TASKS TO DO; TWO VENTRICLES AND TWO ATRIA. THE ATRIA ARE THE RECEIVING CHAMBERS OF THE HEART, ACCEPTING BLOOD FROM THE BODY *RIGHT ATRIUM* AND FROM THE LUNGS *LEFT ATRIUM*. THE VENTRICLES ARE THE PUMPING CHAMBERS, MOVING BLOOD TO THE LUNGS *RIGHT VENTRICLE* AND INTO THE BODY *LEFT VENTRICLE*

48. THE HEART HAS TWO PUMPS. EACH PUMP HAS TWO CHAMBERS , THE UPPER AND LOWER CHAMBERS.THE UPPER CHAMBER IS THE ATRIUM THAT RECEIVES BLOOD COMING IN FROM THE VEINS. THE LOWER CHAMBER IS THE VENTRICLE THAT FORCES THE BLOOD OUT INTO THE ARTERIES. THERE IS A VALVE BETWEEN EACH ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE TO PREVENT THE BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARDS. THE VALVES ARE LIKE ONE-WAY DOORS THAT KEEP THE BLOOD MOVING IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION. VALVES CONTROL MOVEMENT OF BLOOD INTO THE HEART CHAMBERS AND OUT TO THE AORTA AND THE PULMONARY ARTERY.

49. EACH TIME YOUR HEART BEATS, IT DELIVERS OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD TO YOUR BODY, WHICH ALLOWS IT TO FUNCTION PROPERLY. YOUR HEART RATE OR PULSE IS THE NUMBER OF TIMES YOUR HEART BEATS IN A MINUTE (BPM OR BEATS PER MINUTE). SHORTER TIME INTERVALS MAY BE USED IN TAKING THE PULSE AS LONG AS IT COMES TO 60 SECONDS UPON MULTIPLYING WITH A FACTOR . WHEN YOU ARE RESTING, YOUR HEART RATE SLOWS DOWN, BECAUSE YOUR BODY DOES NOT NEED AS MUCH BLOOD AS IT DOES WHEN YOU EXERCISE.

50. ACTIVITY TIME!!! DRAW THE PICTURE ON PAGE 14 AND ANSWER THE GUIDE QUESTIONS.*INDIVIDUAL DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 15 *GROUPINGS DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 17

51. EXPERIMENT TIME!!! DO THE EXPERIMENT ON PAGE 15.

52. TYPES OF CIRCULATION

53. CIRCULATION

54. 1.PULMONARY CIRCULATION MOVEMENT OF BLOOD FROM THE HEART, TO THE LUNGS, AND BACK TO THE HEART.

55. 2.CORONARY CIRCULATION MOVEMENT OF BLOOD THROUGH THE TISSUES OF THE HEART.

56. 3.SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION MOVEMENT OF BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY, EXCLUDING THE LUNGS.

57. ACTIVITY TIME!!! *INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 13.

58. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS DANGEROUS TO YOUR HEALTH

59. CIGARETTE SMOKING HARMS NEARLY EVERY ORGAN IN THE BODY, CAUSING MANY ILLNESSES AND AFFECTING HEALTH IN GENERAL. THE NEAGTIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON CIRCULATORY SYSTEM INCLUDE: INCREASE HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE ASTERIOSCLEROSIS VASCULAR DISEASES

60. THE RESPIRATORY DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING ARE: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA ASTHMA COUGH COLDS TUBERCOLOSIS LUNG CANCER AND OTHER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

61. DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 31

62. THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT DISEASES IN THE RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS TO HAVE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE, WHICH INCLUDES BALANCED DIET, REGULAR EXERCISE, ADEQUATE REST, PROPER HYGIENE, AND AVOIDING VICES SUCH AS CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ALCOHOL DRINKING. RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY DISEASES CAN EASILY BE DETECTED WITH REGULAR HEALTH CHECKUP AND PHYSICAL SCREENING .PERHAPS , AIR POLLUTION CAN BE DISCUSSED AS WELL, WHICH ONES RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

63. WAYS TO PREVENT CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES

64. ACTIVITY TIME!!! DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 18. DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 20. DO THE ACTIVITY ON PAGE 22. -THE END- ONE WEEK ONLY.