Science Presentation in Beige Charcoal Hand Drawn Style.pdf

It's all about Geological works and tools

1. Geological
Works and geological tools

2. GEOLOGICAL WORKS
-geological work means reporting, advising, evaluating,
interpreting, geological surveying, sampling or examining
lithological, palaeontological, petrophysical or geochemical
information related to any activity.

3. If you look at the rock, what you can say?

4. James Hutton (June 3, 1726 – March 26, 1797)
was a Scottish geologist, chemist, and
naturalist who originated one of the
fundamental principles of geology—
uniformitarianism. He was born and died in
Edinburgh, Scotland.
JAMES HUTTON

5. Hutton thought Earth actually went through
a constant cycle of destruction and renewal.
JAMES HUTTON

6. SICCAR POINT (SCOTLAND)

7. An angular unconformity happens when
layers of rock are tilted, eroded, and then
covered by new layers of rock that are
deposited horizontally. This creates a
noticeable angle or mismatch between the
older and newer layers. It shows that there
was a period of movement and erosion
before new rock layers formed on top.
Angular unconformity

8. He hypothesized that only great amounts of
time and great pressure could have offset the
rocks - much longer than 6,000
Angular unconformity

10. Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was a Scottish
geologist whose geological discoveries
informed a revelatory shift in our
understanding of the Earth and its
history.
4
CHARLES LYELL

11. In Principles of Geology also
this idea called as
Uniformitarianism. it
published in 1830, it presents
his ideas about earth’s
geological processes and
history.
e
Charles Lyell’s work:

12. Uniformitarianism is the idea that the
processes that shape the world now, also
shaped it in the past.

13. -Irish Geologist and Physicist
-sought to estimate the age of the Earth
-tried to explain the formation of the
Earth's crust
-invented calorimeter and photometer

JOHN JOLY

14. He estimated the age of the earth, known as the “Joly-Bolthood
Method”
“Joly-Bolthood Method” is the collaboration with Betram
Bolthood.
proposed to calculate the age of the earth by measuring the rate of
heart flow and knowing the thermal conductivity of the earth’s
material.
Boltwood’s work focused on the radioactive decay of uranium into
lead and the heat.
they estimated the of time earth by measuring the amount of lead
in uranium minerals and the rate of heat flow.

JOHN JOLY GEOLOGICAL WORKS

15. Wegener was a German meteorologist, geophysicist and
polar researcher. In 1915 he published 'The Origin of
Continents and Oceans', which outlined his theory of
Continental Drift.
Alfred Lothar Wegener

16. Theory of Alfred Wegener
The theory of "continental drift" is most associated
with the scientist Alfred Wegener. In the early 20th
century, Wegener published a paper explaining his
theory that the continental landmasses were
“drifting” across the Earth, sometimes plowing
through oceans and into each other.

17. Theory of Alfred Wegener

18. Evedince of Alfred Wegener
Alfred Wegener, in the first three decades of this century, and
DuToit in the 1920s and 1930s gathered evidence that the continents
had moved. They based their idea of continental drift on several
lines of evidence: fit of the continents, paleoclimate indicators,
truncated geologic features, and fossils.

19. Bruce Heezen, born in 1924, was an American
geologist and oceanographer whose work
fundamentally changed our understanding of the
Earth's surface. Heezen's journey began in the 1950s
when he and his colleague, Marie Tharp, embarked
on a project to map the ocean floor.
Bruce Heezen (1924-1977)

20. American geologist and oceanographer Marie Tharp was
one of the first scientists to map the ocean floor. Her work
provided crucial support for the theories of seafloor
spreading and continental drift. Seafloor spreading is
when magma released on the ocean floor forms new
oceanic crust. This occurs at underwater ridges where two
tectonic plates are moving apart. Continental drift is the
large-scale movement of continents.
Marie Tharp (1920-2006)

21. Tharp and her colleague Bruce Heezen published the first
map of the Atlantic in 1957, Tharp’s drawings revealed
that the seafloor is instead covered in canyons, ridges,
and mountains. Over time, her maps revealed the
existence of the mid-ocean ridges, a series of mountain
ranges that extend over 40,000 miles around the globe.
Bruce Heezen & Marie Tharp

22. In 1977, Tharp and Heezen published the first
complete world map of the ocean floors. Their work
helped to prove the theory of plate tectonics, the idea
that the continents move over time, which was
controversial until then. The discovery
revolutionized our understanding of how nearly
everything on the planet works.
Bruce Heezen & Marie Tharp

23. Geological tools
Geological tools encompass a wide range of
instruments used by geologists for various
purposes, such as rock and mineral
identification, mapping, measuring geological
features, and analyzing geological processes.

24. F__ld __ok

25. Field Book

26. Field Book
A field book is a very important tool for
geologists because it contains all of the
information that you need to find oil, gas,
and other minerals. The field book is also
useful for other people, like the geologists
who will be using the information in the
field book.

27. Ge_l_gi_a_ _om_a_s

28. Geological Compass

29. Geological Compass
A geological compass differs from a
traditional compass because it can be used
to record the precise directions and angles
of dipping geologic formations. This
information can then be used to create
geological maps of the earth’s crust.

30. T__e M__sure

31. Geologist’s Tape Measure

32. Geologist’s Tape Measure
A geologist’s tape measure is a necessity
because it is used to measure distances. The
tape measure is used to measure the length
of a rock formation, and the height of a
rock formation.

33. G___o_ic__ __p

34. Geological map

35. Geological mapA geological map is very important for geologists
because it is a map of the Earth’s crust. It shows
where oil, gas, and other minerals are located. The
geological map is very useful for geologists
because it is the only map that can show the entire
earth’s crust.

36. G___al P______ning S___em

37. Global Positioning System (GPS)

38. A GPS is very important for geologists because it
can be used to measure the location of a rock
formation. The GPS is also very useful for
geologists because it is the only tool that can be
used to measure the location of a rock formation. Global Positioning System (GPS)

39. R___ Ch___ls

40. Rock Chisels

41. Rock ChiselsThe rock chisels are very important for
geologists because they can be used to pry open
rock formations that are very difficult to open.
The rock chisel is also used to mark the locations
of rock formations.

42. P___il ___net
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

43. Pencil magnet
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

44. Pencil Magnet
A compass that can be
used to record the
exact angles and
directions of a rock
formation
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

45. __ol__ist M___ing
__ol
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

46. Geologist Mapping
Tool
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

47. Geologist Mapping
Tool
Helps geologists
understand the
properties of rocks
and minerals
RESHELLE V. PIZANA

48. _oc_ H__m_r

49. Rock Hammer

50. Rock Hammer
Geologist's hammers, have two
heads, one on either side. Most
commonly, the tool consists of a
flat square head on one end, with
either a chisel or a pick head at the
other end. A corner or edge of the
flat head is used to deliver a blow
to a rock with the intention of
splitting it.

51. Magnifying Glass
A magnifying glass is a convex
lens that is used to produce a
magnified image of an object. The
lens is usually mounted in a frame
with a handle. A magnifying glass
can be used to focus light, such as
to concentrate the Sun's radiation
to create a hot spot at the focus for
fire starting.

52. Map and Map Case
A geologic map or geological map is
a special-purpose map made to
show various geological features.
Rock units or geologic strata are
shown by color or symbols. Bedding
planes and structural features such
as faults, folds, are shown with
strike and dip or trend and plunge
symbols which give three-
dimensional orientations features.

53. Protractor
A protractor is used by geologists to
measure and plot angles, such as the
strike and dip on geological maps.
This helps in understanding the
orientation and inclination of rock
layers, and in predicting underground
structures. It's also used in
stereographic projection to visualize
and analyze 3D spatial orientations of
geological structures.

54. Many geologists carry a
small bottle of dilute
hydrochloric acid when
they go in the field so they
may distinguish between
rocks that contain calcite
and rocks that do not.
Acid bottles

55. •used to write field notes in
geological notebooks
•used to sketch geological features
such as outcrops, rock
formations, and sedimentary
layers in their field
•used to mark geological maps,
draw boundaries of rock units,
annotate geological features, and
indicate strike and dip symbols
Pencil

56. references:
Geology In Team. (2014, November 6). The geological Field notebook. Geology In.
https://www.geologyin.com/2014/11/the-field-notebook.html
Heilbron, J. L. (2001, April 27). Measuring the earth, classical and Arabic. Encyclopedia
Britannica. Geologist's hammers, have two heads, one on either side. Most commonly, the
tool consists of a flat square head on one end, with either a chisel or a pick head at the
other end. A corner or edge of the flat head is used to deliver a blow to a rock with the
intention of splitting it.

What tools do geologists use? 9+ tools with pictures. (2023, March 8). Spatial Post.
https://www.spatialpost.com/what-tools-do-geologists-use/#6-4-field-book-

57. Thank
You !!

58. Quiz Time

59. 1. How did John Joly and Bertram Boltwood
estimate the age of the Earth?
A. By measuring the amount of uranium in
lead minerals and the rate of heat flow
B. By measuring the rate of heat flow
C. By measuring the amount of lead in
uranium minerals and the rate of heat flow
D. By measuring the amount of heat flow and
its rate

60. 2. It helps geologists understand the
properties of rocks and minerals.
A. Geological Compass
B. Geological Mapping Tool
C. Geological map
D. Rock Chisels

61. 3. Who was the British geologist who lived
in the 19th century and proposed the idea that
the earth’s features were shaped by slow and
gradual processes over a long time?
A. John Joly
B. Charles Lyell
C. Alfred Lothar Wegener
D. Marie Tharp

62. 4. What tools used by geologist to break and
examine rocks?
A. Hammer Rock
B. Rock Chisels
C. Hand Lens
D. Pencil Magnet

63. 5. What is the theory of Alfred Lothar
Wegener?
A. Evolution theory
B. Educational theory
C. Continental theory
D. Continental Drift theory

64. 6. ______ is very important for geologists
because it can be used to measure the location
of a rock formation?
A. GSIS C. GPS
B. GPA D. SPG

65. 7. Hutton thought Earth actually went
through a_____.
A. Constant cycle of destruction and renewal.
B. Catastrophes
C. Fixism theory
D. Geosyncline theory

66. 8. Which of the following did not describe the
features of the Siccar Point as the evidence for
Hutton's unconformity.
A. The layers were sitting parallel to each other.
B. Different landforms were running in layers
perpendicular to one another.
C. There is a vertical layer of rocks under the
horizontal layer of rocks.
D. The layers were not parallel to each other.

67. 9. Who was the two Geologist published the first
complete world map of the ocean floors?
A. Bruce Heezen and Mary Horner Lyell
C. Charles Lyell and Mary Horner Lyell
B. Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp
D. John Joly and James Hutton

68. 10. The _____ is used to measure the length of a
rock formation, and the height of a rock
formation.
A. Geologist Tape Measure
C. Rock Chisels
B. Geological Map
D. Hammer Rock