scope of human anatomy and physiology

What is Human anatomy and Physiology. The different branches/scope and subspecialties.

1. Human anatomy and Physiology AND Scope Sindhoora D Assistant Professor Dept.of.Pharmacology SCP,Mangalore 1

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3. Human Anatomy Human Anatomy  ( ana - = “up”, tome = “to cut”) is often defined as the study  of  structures in the  human body .  Anatomy  focuses on the description  of  form, or how  body  structures at different levels look. Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationship among them. scientific study of the  morphology  of the adult  human . It is subdivided into  gross anatomy  and  microscopic anatomy .  Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with  microscopes. 3

4. Human Physiology Physiology is the science of body functions-how the body works. Physiology   is the scientific study of  functions  and  mechanisms  in a  living system . 4

5. Scope/Branches/Subspecialties of Anatomy Embryology: The first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of human egg. 5

6. Developmental biology: The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death. Cell biology: Different cells in our body its structure, differentiation and its function . Histology: The study of the tissues. The structure which cells it is made up of. Gross anatomy: Structures that can be examined without microscope from naked eyes. Systemic anatomy: Structures of specific system of body i.e study of the organs involve in the particular system. ex: nervous, respiratory system 6

7. Regional anatomy: Specific regions of the body such as head and neck. Surface anatomy: Surface marking of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualisation and palpitation. Radiographic anatomy: Body structures visualised with X-rays. Pathological anatomy: Structural changes associated with disease . Ex: Histopathological changes in kidney in diabetes. 7

8. Scope/Branches/Subspecialties of Physiology Neurophysiology Functional properties of nerve cell. Endocrinology: Hormones and how they are controls the body functions. Cardiovascular physiology: Functions of the heart and blood vessels. Immunology: The body's defenses against disease causing microorganisms. Respiratory physiology: Functions of the air passage and lung's. 8

9. Renal physiology: Functions of the kidneys. Exercise physiology: Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity. Pathophysiology: Changes in the certain organ function associated with disease and aging. Ex: changes in kidney function in diabetic condition. 9

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