Seed germination defination type etc.pptx

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1. Topic :- Seed germination Department of Vegetable science College of Agriculture, (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) PRESENTED By Banti Bairwa M.Sc. (Hort.) Veg. Science Presented To Dr. Hari Dayal Choudhary Asstt . Professor (horticulture)

2. Germination :- Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant, starting from dormancy and leading to the growth of the seedling.

3. 👉Phases of germination:- 1. Imbibition: The seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and soften the seed coat. 2. Enzyme Activation: Water triggers enzymes that convert stored food into energy for growth. 3. Emergence of the Radical: The root (radicle) breaks through the seed coat and begins growing downward into the soil. 4. Shoot Development: The shoot ( plumule ) emerges and grows upward, breaking through the soil to reach sunlight.

4. How to Germinate Seed :- 1. Soak Seeds: Some seeds need to be soaked in water for several hours to soften the seed coat. 2. Provide Warmth and Moisture: Place the seeds in a warm, moist environment, such as moist paper towels or soil. 3. Oxygen: Ensure seeds have access to air by avoiding waterlogged conditions. 4. Light: Some seeds require light for germination, while others need darkness.

5. Effect of causes on Germination:- Water: Essential for activating enzymes and softening the seed coat. Temperature: Affects the speed of germination; too cold or too hot temperatures can inhibit the process. Oxygen: Seeds need oxygen for respiration, crucial for energy production. Light: Certain seeds require specific light conditions (light or dark) to initiate germination.

6. Types of Germination:- 1. Epigeal Germination: The cotyledons (seed leaves) are pushed above the soil surface by the elongating hypocotyl (the stem part below the cotyledons). Example: beans. 2. Hypogeal Germination: The cotyledons remain underground while the shoot emerges above the surface. Example: peas.

7. Viviparous germination Viviparous germination in plants refers to the process where seeds begin to germinate while still attached to the parent plant, without undergoing dormancy or being released. This phenomenon is relatively rare and is commonly seen in some mangrove species (such as Rhizophora ), where seeds germinate directly on the tree and develop into seedlings before falling into the surrounding environment.

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