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1. Seeds of discontent Teodoro Agoncillo vs. Santiago Alvarez ‘aka’ “ Kidlat Apoy ”

2. Teodoro Andal Agoncillo Born Teodoro Andal Agoncillo November 9, 1912 Died January 14, 1985 (aged 72) Nationality Filipino Alma mater University of the Philippines Manila Occupation Historian Awards National Scientist of the Philippines

3. Born in  Lemery, Batangas  to Pedro Agoncillo and Feliza Andal, both from landed families in Batangas, Agoncillo obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the  University of the Philippines  in  Manila , in 1934, and a master's degree in the arts from the same university the following year. He earned his living as a linguistic assistant at the Institute of National Language and as an instructor at the  Far Eastern University  and the  Manuel L. Quezon University . In 1956, he published his seminal work,  Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan , a history of the 1896  Katipunan -led revolt against Spanish rule and its leader,  Andres Bonifacio . He garnered acclaim for this book, as well as criticisms from more conservative historians discomfited by the work's nationalist bent.

4. In 1958, Agoncillo was invited to join the faculty of the Department of History of his  alma mater , the University of the Philippines. He remained with the university until his retirement in 1977, chairing the Department of History from 1963 to 1969. After retiring from UP, Agoncillo taught Filipino history as a visiting professor at the  International Christian University  in  Mitaka, Tokyo , Japan, for one year from 1977 to 1978. Philippine President  Diosdado Macapagal  named Agoncillo as a member of the  National Historical Institute  in 1963. He served in this capacity until his death in 1985. Agoncillo was chair of the History Department in the University of the Philippines at the same time period that his cousin, General Abelardo Andal, served as Commander (Chair) of the  Reserve Officers' Training Corps  of the same university.

5. Gobernador -general ramon blanco

6. - Simultaneous attacked against the Spanish garrisons and convents by Katipunan of cavite . - the magdalo - the magdiwang both exercised sovereign power over a number of towns including those in Batangas bordering cavite . Talisay- magdalo nasugbu , tuwi , & look- magdiwang

7. Magdalo Leaders Baldomero Aguinaldo - President. Edilberto Evangelista - Vice President. Candido Tirona - Secretary of War. Felix Cuenca - Secretary of Interior. Glicerio Topacio - Secretary of Public Works. Cayetano Topacio - Secretary of Finance. Emilio Aguinaldo - Flag Officer.

8. Magdiwang leaders MARIANO ALVAREZ- PRESIDENT Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas. Pascual Álvarez - Minister of the Interior. Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War. Ananias Diokno - Vice Minister of War of Batangas. Mariano Trías - Minister of Welfare and Justice. Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development.

9. -Both the Magdalo and Magdiwang were successful in their respective revolts hence the leaders desired to merge one with the other. -Though no serious open breach between the two the silent conflict threatened to wreck the unity that in the beginning prevented the invaders from overrunning the whole province. -This conflict led to their succeeding defeats through the hands of Camilo Garcia de Polavieja returning almost half of the province to the control of Royal Crown of Spain.

10. Their defeat is because one refused to come to help the other when asked for and vice versa. Hence the clamor to be united under one leadership.

11. THE MAGDIWANG BEING THE INITIATOR OF THE REVOLUTION IN CAVITE ASKED FOR PRIORITY RIGHT TO RULE. THE MAGDALO CLAIMING THAT MOST VICTORIES WITHIN THE TERRITORIES WERE WON BY THEM WANTED TO WIN THE LEADERSHIP.

12. The magdiwang succeeded on inviting Bonifacio to intervene ( being the founder of the Katipunan), WHO FIRST REFUSED ON THE GROUND THAT, “INORDER TO SUCCEED AGAINST THE SPANIARDS THE REVOLUTION MUST NOT BE CONCENTRATED IN JUST ONE AREA.”

13. ANDRES BONIFACIO TOGETHER WITH HIS WIFE ORyANG AND HIS BROTHERS CIRIaco and Procopio were met by Emilio Aguinaldo, candido tirona , and edilberto evangelista at zapote.

14. It is in this preliminary meeting where the misunderstanding between the magdalo leaders and Bonifacio took place. Bonifacio’s gestures and behavior were regarded by the magdalo as superior, “acted as if he was a king.”

15. Bonifacio was brought to the house of juan castañeda , he was visited by baldomero Aguinaldo, Daniel tirona , and vicente Fernandez. Upon seeing Fernandez, the supremo ordered his arrest. Since Fernandez did not comply on his promise to attack laguna & morong thus resulted on the defeat of Bonifacio in the battle at san juan Bulacan.

16. But his order was not obeyed since general Fernandez is a leader-member of the magdalo . “the supremo by then realized that he had very little or no influence at all over the magdalo .”

17. he wrote to his uncle-in-law mariano alvarez , “president mainam don’t fail to come this very moment for I want to talk with you privately about what happened to me in magdalo and so that you might explain to me their organization.”

18. Esteban san juan invited the supremo in a demonstration by magdiwang at noveleta . The people of noveleta and those on the stretch of san Francisco de Malabon along with the magdiwang enthusiastically accepted Bonifacio. And in the parade the people were shouting, “ long live the ruler of the Philippines!” to which the supremo responded in a shout, “ long live Philippine liberty!”

19. Because of the n0n-cooperation and mutual mistrust, General polavieja counter-offensives led to the fall of several towns held by the Caviteño’s rebels. Therefore both magdalo and magdiwang call an assembly at imus .

20. IN THE ASSEMBLY HALL, THE SUPREMO UNCEREMONIOUSLY OCCUPIED THE SEAT ON THE HEAD OF THE TABLE. HE GESTURED TO THE MAGDIWANG REPRESENTATIVES TO SEAT AT HIS RIGHT SIDE AND THE MAGDALOS AT HIS LEFT. THIS WAS SILENTLY RESENTED BY THE MAGDALO SINCE TO THEIR MINDS BONIFACIO’S ACT SHOWED HIS PARTIALITY.

21. General Aguinaldo was contended to be a mere observer since he had in his mind to nominate general edilberto evangelista as president since among them, “ evangelista is the most educated” (a civil engineer known to defend the zapote bridge using “trench warfare).

22. Baldomero Aguinaldo proposed to “ create a revolutionary government” and that the “ continuance of the Katipunan is no longer necessary .” However the magdiwang counter-argued that the Katipunan had by-laws and constitutions duly approved and enforced in the entire Philippines thus establishing provincial and municipal governments around and within metro manila. Hence no necessity to establish new government.

23. Ariston Villanueva argued that “if a new government was to be established, andres Bonifacio who had established and organized the revolutionary movement must as a matter of right occupies the presidency without any election and must possess power to appoint the ministers.” This was strongly opposed by the magdalo thus resulted to adjournment without definite understanding.

24. Tejeros convention -the primary agenda is the defense of the province of cavite . - chaired by jacinto lumbreras a magdiwang , Teodoro Gonzales acted as secretary also a magdiwang . -It is note-taking that “the supremo” was labeled by agoncillo as delegate of the magdiwang .

25. De las alas took the floor and moved for a motion to adopt what kind of government should be set up to administer the whole country, “ from this government anything that is necessary in the defense of the country emanates” the chair however reminded de las alas that a government has been founded already through the “Katipunan” and the meeting was called to merely adopt defensive measures for the province of cavite . Bonifacio supported the words of the chair.

26. The discussions among members of the magdiwang has no certain destination hence general Antonio Montenegro of magdalo in loud voice told the delegates, “ if we do not act upon the suggestion of mr. de las alas, we rebels will be likened unto mere packs of highway robbers, or worse, like animals without reasons.”

27. Santiago alvarez refuted Montenegro by saying “we the rebels from cavite , especially those under the magdiwang , recognize the government organized by the association of the sons of the people.” Because of the heated confrontation and the deviation from the original agenda the chairman forfeited his chairmanship to the supremo to call for order.

28. The supremo took the seat by virtue of his being the president of the supreme council of the Katipunan. He acceded to the call to form a new revolutionary government yet laying down conditions for the election that must be strictly followed.

29. First, must respect and obey the will of the majority; and lastly, whoever would be elected should be recognized and respected regardless of his social status and education. It was accepted unanimously by all the delegates.

30. Presidency 1. mariano ALVAREZ 2. andres Bonifacio 3. Emilio Aguinaldo - absent since the general was at salitran defending the territory against the Spaniards. Aguinaldo won against Bonifacio from a close vote.

31. Vice presidency severino de las alas suggested that Bonifacio should occupy the vice-presidency being the nominee to the presidency who got the 2 nd highest vote, however none reacted to such motion hence Bonifacio continued the election. 1. mariano trias 2. mariano alvarez 3. severino de las alas 4. andres bonifacio

32. Captain-general artemio ricarte won over Santiago alvarez who first refused to accept the seat. Because it was getting dark it was agreed that voting should be done by standing to the side when nominee’s name is called director of war Emiliano riego de dios

33. Director of interior andres Bonifacio won however it was objected by Daniel tirona saying, “the position is an exalted one and that it is not met by a person without lawyer’s diploma. We have in our province a lawyer, jose del rosario therefore we should protest against the elected,” and he shouted, ”let us vote for jose del rosario !’’

34. The supremo got insulted hence he demanded tirona to retract what he had said reminded him of the two rules that they unanimously agreed. But tirona ignored him and tried to lose himself in the crowd so the supremo pulled his pistol and aim on tirona however ricarte grabbed Bonifacio’s hand thus prevented the shooting. In frustration and wounded feelings the sumpremo cried aloud, “ I, as chairman of this assembly and as president of the Katipunan declare that this assembly be dissolved, and I annul all that has been approved and resolved!”

35. Concluding remarks “The seed of discontent resulting from his failure to get the presidency and which watered by the unfortunate attitude of Daniel tirona , who, by another sad coincidence belonged to the opposite faction found fertile ground in Bonifacio’s heart and mind.” Teodoro a. agoncillo