Self esteem in nursing. Promoting self esteem in nursing ppt

This document discusses self esteem in detail. It defines self-esteem, elaborated components, showed self-esteem continuum, explained developing a positive self-esteem, focus areas, factors affecting development of self-esteem, developmental progression, manifestation of low self esteem, factors influencing manifestation of low self-esteem, boundaries, role of nurse, nursing diagnosis, summary, recapitalization, bibliography and references.
Promoting self esteem enables individuals to face challenges with confidence and adaptability, ensuring they can view obstacles as an opportunity for growth and development, it helps an individual to build a positive attitude and positive self-talk.

1. Promoting self esteem Presented by Preeti Msc (N) 1 st year

2. Introduction The promotion of self esteem is about stopping self- judgements. It is about helping individuals change how they perceive and feel about themselves. Maslow (1970) postulates that individuals must achieve a positive self-esteem before they can achieve self actualization. With a positive self-worth, individuals are able to adopt successfully to the demands associated with situational and maturational crisis that occur. The ability to adopt to these environmental changes is impaired when individuals hold themselves in low self esteem.

3. Definition 1. “ A person’s overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth . It is a judgement of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self”. 2.“The evaluation which the individual maintains with regard to himself; it expresses an attitude of approval and indicates the extent to which an individual believes himself to be capable, significant, successful and worthy”. ( Coopersmith, 1967)

4. Components Self esteem refers to the degree of respect and regard that an individual wants from others. It is divided in two components: The abilities to say that “I am important, and matter”. The abilities to say that “I am competent, I have something to offer to others and the world”.

5. SELF-ESTEEM CONTINUUM

6. DEVELOPING A POSITIVE SELF ESTEEM Antecedent conditions of positive self esteem :- ‘coopersmith’ (1981) has identified the following antecedent conditions of positive self-esteem:

7. DEVELOPING A POSITIVE SELF ESTEEM Power : It is important for individual to have a feeling of control over their own life situation. Significance : Self esteem is enhanced when individuals feel loved, respected, and cared for by significant others. Virtue : (honesty) Individuals feel good about themselves when their actions reflect as a set of personal moral and ethical values. Competence : (ability) Positive self esteem develops out of one’s ability to perform successfully. Set limits : A structured life style demonstrates acceptance and caring and provides feeling of security.

8. FOCUS AREAS

9. FOCUS AREAS ‘Warren’ (1991) has outlined the following focus areas: A sense of competence : children do not necessarily need to be the best at a skill in order to have positive self-esteem, what they need to feel is their personal best effort. Unconditional love : children need to know that they are loved and accepted by family and friends. A sense of survival : Everyone fails at something from time to time. Self esteem is enhanced when individuals learn from failure. Realistic goals : Individuals may “bet themselves up” for failure by setting goals that are unattainable.

10. Conti.. Sense of responsibility : Children gain positive self worth when they are assigned areas of responsibility or are expected to complete tasks that they perceive and valued by others. Reality orientation : it is important for children to recognize and achieve a healthy balance between what they want to achieve.

11. FACTORS INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT OF SELF ESTEEM Deriver (1976) had given these factors : The perceptions of responses by others, particularly significant others : The development of self-esteem can be positively or negatively influenced by responses of others and by how individuals perceive those responses. Genetic factors : Factors that are genetically determined such as physical appearance, size or inherited infirmity, can have an effect on the development of self-esteem. Environment factors : The development of self esteem can be influenced by demands from the environment.

12. Developmental progression TRUST VS MISTRUST : faith leads to the development of positive self esteem. Dissatisfaction with the self and of others. It leads to promoting negative self-esteem. AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT : Independence within the environment lead to the accomplishment of task The task remains unresolved when the child’s independent behaviour are restricted.

13. Conti.. INITIATIVE VS GUILT : Initiative leads to sense of purpose. Guidance and discipline that results in a decrease in self-esteem. INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY: Self confidence is gained through learning, competing, performing successfully. Negative self esteem is the result of non achievement, unrealistic expectations.

14. Conti.. IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION : Positive self-esteem occurs when the individuals are allowed to experience independence by making decision. Failure to develop a new self definition results when discipline in the home has been overly harash or absent of parentral support. INTIMACY VS ISOLATION : Intimacy is achieved when one is able to form a lasting relationship to another person. Failure to achieve intimacy results in behaviors such as withdrawal, social isolation, aloneness.

15. Conti.. GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION : Generatively promotes positive self-esteem through gratification from personal and professional achievements. Failure to achieve generatively occurs when tasks are not fulfilled. EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR : Ego integerity results in a sense of self worth and self acceptance. Individuals in despair possess a they feel worthless and helpless.

16. MANIFESTATION OF LOW SELF-ESTEEM Roy (1976) has categories are the focal, contextual and residual stimuli :- Focal stimuli : A focal stimuli is the immediate concern that is causing the threat to self-esteem. E.g. loss of employement, failure relationship. Contextual stimuli : Contextual stimuli are those stimuli that contribute to the focal stimuli and affects the current situation. E.g. Child of the relationship becoming emotionally disable in response to the divorce. Residual stimuli : Residual stimuli are factors that may influence one’s maladaptive behavior. E.g. belief, attitude and habits.

17. FACTORS INFLUENCING MANIFESTATION OF LOW SELF ESTEEM Focal : Any experience or situation causing the individual to question or decrease his or her value of self experiences of loss are particularly significant. Contextual : Body changes experienced bacause of growth and illness. Maturational crisis Spiritual crisis The individuals perceptions The feeling of control over life situations Residual Age and coping mechanisms one has developed Stressful situations previously experienced Coping with previous loss or failure.

18. boundaries of self-esteem BOUNDARIES :- Boundaries are sometimes referred to as limits. Whitfield (1993) states, “boundaries delineates where I and my physical and psychological space end and where you and yours begin”. Types of boundaries : Physical and psychological boundaries ; Physical boundaries : It include physical closeness, touching, sexual behavior, eye contact, privacy. E.g. reading someone else’s dairy. Smoking in a non-smoking public area and touching someone who does not wish to be touched. Psychological boundaries : It include beliefs, feelings, choices, need time alone, interests, confidence, individual differences and spiritually among others. E.g. personal information shared in confidence told to others.

19. ROLE OF NURSE Assessment : Clients with self-esteem problems may manifest any of the symptoms presented in manifestation of low self esteem. Some clients with disturbances in self esteem make direct statements that reflect guilt, shame or negative self appraisal, but often it is necessary for the nurse to ask specific questions to obtain this type of information. Various tools for measuring self esteem exists. This particular tool can be used as a self-inventory by the client.

20. Self- inventory tool

21. Nursing diagnosis Nursing diagnosis : The North American nursing diagnosis association (NANDA) has accepted, for use and testing nursing diagnosis that relate to self-esteem. Nursing diagnose : 1. Chronic low self esteem related to childhood neglect/abuse; numerous failure; negative feedback from others evidenced by long standing self neglecting verbalizations and expressions of shame and guilt. Nursing intervention : Be supportive, accepting and respectful without invading the clients personal space. Have client list successes and strengths, provide positive feedback. Assess content of negative self-talk. Outcome evaluation : client will verbalize positive aspects of self and abandon judgement self perceptions.

22. Conti.. Nursing diagnose : 2. Situational low self esteem related to failure (either real or perceived) in a situation of importance to the individual or loss (either real or perceived) of a concept of value to the individual evidenced by negative self appraisal in a person with a previous positive self evaluation. Nursing intervention : convey an expecting attitude; encourage client to express self openly. Encourage client to express anger. Assist client to explore angry feelings. Assist client to avoid ruminating about past failures. Clients need to focus on a positive attitudes if self esteem is to be enhanced. Outcome evaluation : client will identify source of treat to self esteem and work through the stages of the grief process to resolve the loss of failure.

23. SUMMARIZATION : Today I have discussed about the introduction, definition, components, development of self esteem, focus areas, factors, progressions, manifestation, factors influencing manifestation, symptoms, characteristics, boundaries and role of nurse of promoting self esteem.

24. RECAPTULIZATION Define self esteem? What are the characteristics of positive self esteem? Explain the boundaries of self esteem? Discuss the factors influencing development of self esteem? Enlist the symptoms of low self esteem? Explain about the role of nurse of promoting self esteem?

25. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhaskara Raj Elakkuvana D. a textbook of Mental Health (Psychiatric) Nursing. edition 1 st Bangalore: EMMESS publisher : Pp (125-132). Mann Gulshan, Kumar Harish Sharma. a textbook of Psychology for nurses. edition 5 th Jalandhar: Lotus publishers : Pp (170-171). https://www.slideshare.net/maglinanusha/promoting-self-esteem-and-self-ideas https://www.slideshare.net/AMRITAROY26/development-of-self-esteem https://www.slideshare.net/baeskjh/self-esteem-75580624

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