�SENITIZE AND HANDLE SOCIAL ISSUES AFFECTING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELF AND FAMILY�.pptx

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Slide 12: Advocacy and Social Responsibility

Encourage the audience to take an active role in advocating for change.
Highlight the importance of social responsibility in addressing these issues.
Slide 13: Conclusion

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Reiterate the importance of sensitizing and handling social issues for health and family development.
Slide 14: Questions and Discussion

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Slide 15: Additional Resources

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Slide 16: Thank You

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Slide 17: References

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Slide 18: Contact Information

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Slide 19: Q&A Session

1. Presented By - Ramandeep Kaur Neetu Kamboj Amarjeet Singh Poonam Kamboj Simran Kaur Dhanveer Prakash Co-ordinator - Respected V ijay sir (Nursing Tutor )

2. SENITIZE AND HANDLE SOCIAL ISSUES AFFECTING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELF AND FAMILY SEMINAR ON

3. INTRODUCTION Social issues/social evils in Indian society have become a serious concern in the present day world .It is gradually affecting the roots of our culture and is blocking its rapid growth on the global chart . Unemployment , illiteracy ,corruption, urbanization , gender discrimination, domestic violence, poverty, population, explosion and lust for money are all social evils prevailing in the country.

4. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

5. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Women empowerment is very essential for the development of society. According to United National Development Fund for women ,the term women empowerment means ; Acquiring knowledge and understanding of gender relations and the ways in which these relations may be changed. Developing a sense self- worth, a belief in one’s ability to secure desired changes and the right to control one’s life. Gaining the ability to generate choice exercise bargaining power. Developing the ability to organize and influence the direction to social change ,to creat more social and economic order, national and internationally.

6. Definitions " Women's empowerment can be conceptualized as increasing women's self-esteem, abilities to create rational decisions, and right to effect revolutionary change for themselves and others .“ Women empowerment is empowering the women take their own to take decisions for their personal developm- ent as well as social development.

7. GOVERMENT ENACTMENTS The hindu widow re-marriage act of 1856 Tthe child marriage restraintact of 1929 The hindu marriage act of 1955 The Hindu women rights to property act of 1937 The dowry prohibition act 1961

8. Goals and Objectivesinclude 1. Creating an environment through positive economic and social policies for full development of women to enable them to realize their full potential. 2. All human rights and fundamental freedom by women on equal basis with men in all spheres political, economic, social, cultural and civil. 3. Equal access to participation and decision making of women in social, political and economic life of the nation. 4. Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels, career and vocational guddance, employment, equal remuneration, occupational health and safety, social securitypublic office, etc 5. Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of discrimination women.against.

9. WOMEN ABUSE

10. Women abuse is defined as any act of gender based voilence that results in or is likely to result in physical,sexual or psychological harm or suffering to a women, whether occuring in public or private life. Violence against women refers to, any act of gender based violence that results in or likely to result – in physical, sexual, mental harm or suffering to women including threats of such acts, coercion or deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private place. WOMEN ABUSE

11. Types of women abuse Physical Voilence Sexual voilence Emotional voilence Psychological Voilence Spritiual Voilence Cultural Voilence Verbal Abuse Fianancial Abuse Neglact

12. Laws Relating To Violence Against Women Laws relating to VAW can be broadly classified at Etegies1. : Crimes under IPC : Rape, Hidropping and dection dont dephysically, molestation est harassment Gender Specific Lawns: . Pre-conception and prenatal diagnostic face, b. Medical termination of pregnaneys, 1971 c. Dowry prohibition act, 1961, d. Protection of women from domestic viodes,

13. Measures to Prevent Women Abuse . Change in the thinking of the egelety about the of women Women awareness must be there the set. Increase self confidence and strength of women against exploitation. There should be provision for women protection and inity. Provision of economic safety for the women

14. FEMALE FETICIDE

15. Definition of female feticide: - “It is defined as aborting a female fetus after sex determination test”. Definition of Sex Selection: - “ Sex selection is any act of identifying the sex of the fetus and elimination of the fetus if it is of the unwanted sex."

16. CAUSES OF FEMALE FETICIDE Girls are considered as financial obligation by many parents. Fear of dowry by many families. Advancement in technology, nowadays parent determines the sex of a child before birth. Some of the doctors do this heinous act to fulfill their money desire obsession for son. poor class

17. Facts about Girl Child According to the latest census 2011, the overall sex ratio in India is 914 females per 1000 males.   A deficit of 60 females per 1000 males, translates into a deficit of about 37 million (3.7 crore) females in India

18. COMMERCIAL SEX-WORKERS

19. COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS Definitions "A person past puberty who receives money or goods in exchange for sexual services and consciously defines those activities as income generating. The definition of the gender of the people involved and whether or not they do this on a full, part time or occasional basis". "Sex workers are adults who receive money or goods in exchange for sexual services, either regularly or occasion-ally. A sex worker can be male, female or transgender. In most countries, sex work and activities associated within are criminal acts". "Prostitution is defined as an act of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for money or goods."

20. CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION Poverty Broken homes Mental illness4 Uneducated women Widows and divorcees Prestigious life Over sexual desires Indebtedness False hope of marriage Influence of peer group

21. TYPES OF PROSTITUTION Street prostitution Escort or out-call prostitution Sex tourism Ritualized prostitution

22. PERSPECTIVES ON SEX WORKER Perspectives on sex worker's rights generally fall into two categories: Traditionally feminist perspective: - The first perspective is the traditionally feminist perspective assumes that all people involved in sex work have been coerced, bribed, blackmailed or forced into the trade. Legitimate business perspective: - The second perspective is that sex work is legitimate business. No one can deny that sex work often involves poor health, financial exploitation and physical and sexual abuse.

23. COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS Aspects of Commercial Sex Law The main law dealing with people in sex work is the Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act (ITPA) of 1986, which seeks to prevent trafficking of persons in India It, also allows for eviction of sex workers from their residences in the name of "public interest". The prohibition against "public solicitation" is particularly ambiguous. Rescue and Restore One strategy that has been used by international anti-trafficking groups and Indian law enforcement officials have been "rescue and restore" missions. The ITPA has offences like detaining a person "with or without his consent" in premises where prostitution is carried on or taking a person, "with or without his consent" for the purpose of prostitution. Stigma and Marginalization Stigmatization is experienced as the major factor that prevents women in sex work from accessing their rights. Due to this discrimination, women in sex work have been denied safety, proper healthcare, education and most importantly.

24. HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS has served to further stigmatize sex workers by labeling them as "vectors" and "carriers" of the disease. Disregarding the complex web of political, economic and social factors affecting heterosexual transmission of the virus, public health officials have singled out women in prostitution as core transmitters. It is little recognized that sex workers can be powerful actors in preventing the spread of HIV. Education   Lack of education is a major inhibitor among both sex workers and their children. Studies have shown that women in sex work have considerably lower levels of education than surrounding populations.   Prevention and Control of Prostitution   1. Sex education 2. Change of rigid social customs 3. Job opportunities 4. Social education and propaganda 5. Adequate legislation 6. Rehabilitation

25. CHILD ABUSE

26. Definition : - According to WHO, "Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power' CHILD ABUSE

27. Physical Abuse : Physical abuse is the inflicting of physical injury upon a child. This may include burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating or otherwise harming a child. Sexual Abuse : Sexual abuse is inappropriate sexual behavior with a child. It includes fondling a child's genitals, making the child fondle the adult's genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism and sexual exploitation. Emotional Abuse : Emotional abuse is also known as verbal abuse . It includes acts or the failures to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental trauma. Neglect: It is the failure to provide for the child's basic needs. Neglect can be physical, educa- tional or emotional. TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE

28. CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM SOCIETY FAMILY CHILD STATE SCHOOL / INSTITUTE

29. Preventing child maltreatment requires a multispectral approach. These include: Visits by nurses to parents and children in their homes to provide support, education and in-formation. Parent education, usually delivered in groups, to improve child-rearing skills, increase knowl-edge of child development and encourage positive child management strategies. Multi-component interventions, which typically include support and education of parents, pre-school education and child care. The education to children.. Psychiatric help to the abuser. Reporting of child sexual abuse. Parental education. PREVENTION

30. National Policies and Legislations Addressing Child Rights National Policies The major policies and legislations formulated in the country to ensure child rights and improve-ment in their status include: National policy for children, 1974. National policy on education, 1986. National policy on child labour, 1987 National nutrition policy, 1993. Trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of women and children, 19986. National health policy, 2002 National charter for children, 2004. National plan of action for children.

31. National Legislation National legislations for protection of child rights in the country are: Guardian and wards act, 1890. Factories act, 1954. Hindu adoption and maintenance act, 1956. Probation of offenders act, 1958 Bombay prevention of begging act, 1959 Orphanages and other charitable homes (supervision and control) act, 1960. Prevention of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act, 1987 Pre-natal diagnostic techniques (regulation and prevention of misuse) act, 1994

32. ABUSE OF ELDERS

33. ABUSE OF ELDERS According to WHO, 2002 abuse of elders refers to, "A single or repeated act or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person". A non-accidental act or omission, which undermines the life, the physical and psychological integrity of an older person or harms the development of his/her personality or damage his/her financial security".

34. CAUSES OF ELDER ABUSE Dependent for basic Needs Withdrawal depression or helplessness Negative attitude And Dehumanizing stereotype Emotionally weak Physical or Mental imapirment Fear Voilence Financially weak

35. TYPE OF ELDER ABUSE Physical abuse Sexual abuse Neglact Financial/ marital abuse Psychological/emotional abuse

36. Physical Abuse: Includes behavior toward an elderly person which results in bodily harm injury, unnecessary pain, unreasonable confinement, punishment, coercion or mental distress Examples of physical abuse include the infliction of injury, such as dislocation or bone fracture. Psychological/Emotional Abuse: This form of abuse includes threats or actions directed at an elderly person in an effort to provoke the fear of violence or isolation and which may result in mental anguish, anxiety or depression. Financial/Material Abuse: Included in this form of abuse is any behavior by a relative or caregiver, without the knowledge and consent of the older person, that results in financial exploitation. Neglect: Neglect include a breach of duty or carelessness that results in injury or violation of the older persons rights, deliberate abandonment, denial of food, medication or health related services. TYPES OF ELDER ABUSE

37. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ELDER ABUSE Changes in personality or behavior in the elder. Fear, anxiety, depression or passiveness in relation to a family member, friend or care provider. Unexplained physical injuries, such as bruises, sprains or broken bones. Behavior that mimics dementia, such as rocking, sucking or mumbling to oneself.

38. STEPS TOWARD PREVENTION OF ELDER ABUSE The prevention of elder abuse is dependent on numerous factors. 2. Develop a greater awareness among the public about the nature and scope of elder abuse. 3. Development of programmes to help families who wish to care for elderly members at home. 4. Development of more resources to provide meals, day care, transportation, counseling and help with daily tasks. 5. Watch for warning signs that might indicate elder abuse. If you suspect abuse, report it.

39. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR HEALTH CARE OF THE ELDERLY: - In the programme, it is envisaged providing promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services in an integrated manner for the elderly in various Government health facilities. PACKAGES OF SERVICES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS NATIONAL LEVEL Regional geriatric centre DISTRICT HOSPITAL Daily geriatric clinic (10 beds) CHC/PHC Geriatric clinic on fixed days. SUB CENTRE Home based care

40. FOOD ADULTERATION

41. FOOD ADULTERATION "Food adulteration is the process of addition of an impure, cheap or unnecessary ingredient to cheat with, cheapen or falsify a preparation. “Act of intentionally debasing the quality of food offered for sale either by the add mixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient". "An adulterate is to make impure by addition which thus leads to adulteration". 1. Mixing any non edible or any other substance. 2. Exchanging the main principal item in the food article. 3. Removing something from the original food article. 4. Misbranding or cheating by fraud or similar name. 5. Mislabeling. 6. Adding rotten things. 7. Adding toxic things. 8. Excessive use of food additives.

42. HEALTH HAZARDS OF ADULTERATION Breaking of teeth and adverse effect on the lining of the digestive tract. Cause gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhea, infections. Stomach or intestinal cancer. Toxicity due to toxic sweeteners, additives, colors, etc. Lathyrism due to consumption of Kesari dal. Epidemic dropsy due to consumption of argemone oil mixed mustard oil. Various abnormalities of bone, eyes, skin and lungs. Anemia

43. SIMPLE SCREENING TEST FOR DETECTING ADULTERATION IN COMMON FOOD Food Article Adulterant Simple Method Milk Water Put a drop of milk on polished vertical surface. The drop of pure milk either stops or flows slowly leaving a white trail behind it. Whereas milk adulterated with water will flow immediately without leaving a blue mark. Mustard seeds Argemone seeds Argemone seeds have rough surface and mustard seeds is yellow inside while argemone seed is white. Ice cream Washing powder Put some lemon juice, bubbles are observed on the presence of washing powder

44. PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION ACT 1954 prevention of food adulteration programme, a legislation called "Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954" was enacted. And the act has been amended thrice in 1964, 1976 and in 1986. The subject of the prevention of food adulteration is in the concurrent list of the constitution. In general, the enforcement of the Act is done by the State/UT Governments. The central Government primarily plays an advisory role in its implementation In India, a three-tier system is in vogue for ensuring food quality and food safety. They are: Local Bodies State/UT Government Government of India

45. OBJECTIVES 1. To protect the public from poisonous and harmful foods. 2 . To prevent the sale of substandard foods. 3. To ensure pure and wholesome food to the consumer. 4. To prevent fraud or deception. 5. To plug the loopholes and making the punishments more stringent: 6. To empower consumers and voluntary organizations to play a more effective role in its implementation.

46. SUBSTANCE ABUSE

47. SUBSTANCE ABUSE Definitions According to WHO, "Substance abuse can be defined as using a drug in a way that it is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences". Drug: "A drug is defined as a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, care, treatment and prevention of disease". Drug abuse: "Drug abuse is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for disease for which is it was not medically intended". Drug addiction : "A companion to continue taking a drug during after periodic or continued administration of the substances".. Withdrawal Symptoms : "Withdrawal symptoms are the negative physiological and psycho-logical symptoms that occur when the drug is reduced or no longer taken"..

48. Criteria for Substances Dependence A long desire or sense of compulsion to take the substance. Difficulties in controlling substance. A physiological withdrawal state when substance use has ceased or been reduced. Evidence of tolerance such that increased doses of the psycho active substance are required in order to achieve effects originally produced by the withdraw doses. Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests because of psycho active, increased amount of time necessary to obtain or take the substance of to recover from its effects. Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly harmful consequences, such as harm to the liver, depressive mood states or impairment of cognitive functioning.

49. CAUSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 1. Biological factors : Genetic venerability (family history), personality disorder, medical disorder, continuation of drug use , withdrawal effects and craving. 2. Psychological factor : Social non-conformity, poor impulse control, sensation seeking, low self- esteem, poor stress management, childhood trauma, relief from fatigue, escape from reality, lack of interest, psychological distress. Social factor : Easily availability of alcohol and drugs, interfamilial conflicts, religious reason, poor social support/familial support, rapid urbanization. Youth culture : Adolescents try to follow the peer group. They also try to be a part of the group.

50. COMMONLY USED SUBSTANCES Narcotics : opium,morphine,heroine Sedatives/depressants: ethylealchohal; whiskey sedative; penobarbital, phenobarbital. hypnotics; doridone. Stimulants: cocaine, amophetamine Hallucination: cannabis, ganja, poppy plant, charas Minor tranquilizer: lithium ,diazepine

51. Assessment and Diagnosis in Substance Abuse Assessment A proper assessment is necessary for treatment. It is also helpful in numerous other ways includ- Ing screening, establishing a diagnosis, planning treatment and referral to a specialist for further treatment .

52. Stages Of Assessment STAGES Of Assessment Pre-invention Intervention Post intervention Level Of Assessment Brief screening Basic assessment Specilized Assessment Broad focus/inexpensive Narrow Focus/Costly Specific Cost

53. Screening Some frequently used instruments are: . CAGE: 4 questions used to assess those with alcohol problem (cut down drinking, annoyed by criticizing your drinking,guilty about your drinking and eye opener to get rid of a hangover):. MAST: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. DAST : Drug Abuse Screening Test. AUDIT : Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test.

54. Diagnosis Before looking into features that make a diagnosis of substance used disorder (SUD), it would be ben- eficial to see what constitutes a disease. A cluster of signs and symptoms occurring more than due to chance factor. Signs and symptoms Syndrome Disease

55. Control OF Substance Abuse Primary Prevention Provision of happy and healthy family life. Establishment of healthy parent-child relationship. Provision of love and care to the children. Show interest towards the child's activities. Offer counselling to the teen-agers. Reduce the availability of drugs. Legislation.

56. Secondary Prevention Closely monitor the changes in the behavior of an individual. Early detection and treatment of addicts. Establishment of de-addiction centres, after care centres and day care centres. Proper treatment and specific therapies should be given to prevent complication of disease.

57. Tertiary Prevention Provision of treatment in the state of severe dependence. Provision of rehabilitation measures for the drug addicts. Involvement of family in the restorative and rehabilitative activities. Involvement of social agencies for the rehabilitation.

58. Role of Community Health Nurse To help the client to cope up with withdrawal symptoms To help the client to avoid taking drugs again. Develop trusting relationship. To help the client to be accepted by others. To help the client to change his habits stop stealing reduces aggressiveness

59. Drug De-addiction Programmes in India Drug De-addiction Programmes in IndiaThe Drug De-addiction Programme of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare was started in 1987-88, which was modified in 1992-93 as a scheme under central sector assistance to states. At present 122 such centres have been established across the country including centres in central government hospitals and institutions. The six drug-addiction centres established in Central Gov- ernment hospitals and institutions are at All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, A national nodal centre has been established under the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. This is located in Ghaziabad and has been designated as "National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre".