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1. Services related to genetics -Dr Harshal Patil -Consultant Dermatologist And Cosmatologist

2. GENETIC TESTING Genetic testing is done on such material as blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid or any other tissue. The DNA in the samples is analyzed for a particular disorder. Screening of the newborn baby is done for congenital anomalies using blood sample, taken by pricking baby's heel. process of educating an individual about the test and taking permission is called Informed consent.

3. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT A genome is the complete set of DNA of an organism. Each genome contains all the information needed to build and maintain that organism. The human genome project was a large scale international research effort to determine the sequence of the human genome and identify the genes that it contains. This project gave us an important blueprint for building a person.

4. Goals of Human Genome Project The important goals of human genome project were: .To provide a complete and accurate sequence of all the DNA in the human genome To find all the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 human genes. The project also aimed at sequencing the genomes of other organisms important in medical research, such as mouse and the fruit fly.

5. Accomplishments of Human Genome Project It was in April 2003, that the mapping of entire human genome was complete. project's ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) program became the world's largest bioethics program and a model for other ELSI program worldwide The ELSI program was an integral part of human genome project. The aims of the ELSI program were to identify and address issues raised by genomic research that would affect individuals, families and society.

6. It is focused on the possible consequences of genomic research in four main areas :Privacy and fairness in the use of genetic information, including the potential for genetic discrimination in employment and insurance. The integration of new genetic technologies, such as genetic testing, into the practice of clinical medicine. Ethical issues surrounding the design and conduct of genetic research with people,including the process of informed consent. The education of health care professionals, policy makers, students and the public about genetics and complex issues that result from genomic research.

7. Future Perspectives of Genomic Research The research later includes deducing the different mutations and the novel approach to treat them with gene therapy. The objectives Determine the function of genes and the elements that regulate genes throughout the genome. Find variations in the DNA sequence among people and determine their significance. Discover the three-dimensional structures of proteins and identify their functions

8. .Explore the interaction of DNA and proteins. Develop and apply genome based strategies for the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Develop new technologies to study genes and DNA on a large-scale and store genomic data efficiently.

9. Types of Gene Therapy Germ line gene therapy : In this, the sperms or the ova are modified by the introduction of functional genes, This novel approach would help to combat a number of inherited genetic diseases. But, due to technical and ethical constraints, this type of gene therapy is not used in humans. Somatic cell gene therapy. This involves the introduction of functional gene into the somatic cells, especially in those tissues in which expression of the concerned geneis critical for health.

10. Genetic Counseling Legal and Ethical Issues-Role of Nurse Communication with patients, with reliable information, convey the genetic information, and present the options available to the family in a nonjudgmental manner. 2. Patient support particularly at times of decision-making or particular stress, .3. Education of patients and other health professionals on issues related to clinical genetics. 4. Skilled interpretation of current research findings for the benefit of patients.