Session 36-37 Cattell’s Personality Theory.pptx

cattell

1. Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction to Personality Assistant Professor School of Liberal Arts (SOLA) K. R. Mangalam University Unit III Theories of Temperament and Trait Theories ​ 1

2. Session 36-37 Cattell’s Personality Theory 2

3. Raymond Bernard cattell 1905-1998

4. “more concerned with describing behavior than explaining it”

5. a British and American Psychologist University of London Ph.D. (1929)

6. who was known for: Fluid and Crystalized Intelligence Big Five Personality Traits 16 Personality Factors

7. Personality - permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation

8. Fluid and Crystalized Intelligence (Cattell and Horn, 1960)

9. Two Kinds of General Intelligence Fluid Intelligence Crystalized Intelligence

10. What is… …composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.

11. Fluid Intelligence ability to reason abstractly and think flexibility considered independent of learning, experience, and education. decreases after adolescence

12. Examples: identify patterns Solving puzzles Developing problem-solving strategies (rules of thumb) filtering out irrelevant information Avoiding mental fixedness (to think “outside the box”)

13. Crystalized Intelligence the knowledge and verbal and numerical skills obtained through learning and experience facts and rooted experience Increases with age

14. Examples: reading comprehension vocabulary exam

15. FLUID CRYSTALIZED nature Cognitive capacities pattern recognition, inductive reasoning (problem-solving) Logic and strategies Neurophysiological base: dependent on the state of the brain and nervous system Decrease after adolescence (mid 20’s) Short term nurture Learned facts, verbal and general knowledge Depth and breadth of gen. knowledge Application of skills and knowledge to solve problem solving Increase throughout adulthood (70) Long term

16. The big five personality traits

17. O penness C onscientiousness E xtraversion A greeableness N euroticism The big five personality traits

18. OPENNESS imagination and insight HIGH LOW very creative Open to try new things Focused on tackling new challenges Happy to think about abstract concepts Dislike change Does not enjoy new things Resists new ideas Not very imaginative

19. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS thoughtfulness good impulse control goal-directed HIGH LOW Spend time preparing Finishes important tasks right away Pays attention to detail Enjoys having a set schedule Fails to complete necessary or assigned tasks Procrastinates important tasks Makes messes and doesn’t take care of things Dislikes structure and schedules

20. EXTRAVERSION excitability sociability talkativeness assertiveness high amount of emotional expressiveness HIGH LOW Enjoys being the center of attention Enjoys meeting new people Likes to start conversations Find it easy to make friends Has a wide social circle of friends Dislikes being the center of attention Feels exhausted when having to socialize a lot Finds it difficult to start conversation Dislikes making small talks Carefully thinks things through before speaking

21. AGREEABLENESS trust altruism kindness affection HIGH LOW has a great deal of interest in other people Cares about others Feels empathy and concern for other people Enjoys helping and contributing to the happiness of other people takes little interest in others Doesn’t care about how other people feel Has little interest in other people’s problem Insults and belittles others Manipulates others to get what they want

22. NEUROTICISM sadness moodiness emotional instability HIGH LOW Experiences a lot of stress Worries about many different things Gets upset easily Experiences dramatic shifts in mood Feels anxious Struggles to bounce back after stressful events Deals well with stress Don’t worry too much Emotionally stable Rarely feels sad or depressed

23. 16 PERSONALITY FACTORS (1930)

24. 16 Personality Factors 16PF or source traits main set of factors whereby a person can be classified Analysis of Personality-Describing Words - 18,000 - 4,500 - 171 - 16

25. 16 Personality Factors identify innate characteristics without immediate concern for how they are applied 16 Primary Factors - Five Global Factors

26. The 16 primary factors (Cattell’s original pf) Warmth Outgoing Reserved Reasoning Abstract Concrete Emotional Stability Calm Upset Dominance Dominant Submissive Liveliness Lively Serious Rule-Consciousness Conforming Nonconforming Social Boldness Venturesome Shy Sensitivity Tender-minded Rough Vigilance Suspicious Trusting Abstractedness Imaginative Practical Privateness Discreet Open Apprehension Insecure Self-assured Openness to Change Liberal Conservative Self-Reliance Independent Dependent Perfectionism Control Uncontrolled Tension Impatient Patient Primary Factors High Low

27. The Five Global factors (16pf5) Global Factors High Low Extraversion sociable timid Anxiety tense relaxed Tough-Mindedness/ Willpower determined emotional Independence persuasive agreeable Self-Control Inhibiting impulses Unrestrained impulsive

28. contributions ≤ 50 scholarly books > 500 research articles > 30 standardized psychometric tests, questionnaire, and rating scales