Skill of reinforcement

Micro Teaching Skills: Skill of Reinforcement

1. Dr. Ishrat Naaz Asst. Prof School of Education MICRO TEACHING 7/3/2019 1 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz )

2. SKILL OF REINFORCEMENT 7/3/2019 2 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

3. The term  reinforcement  was first introduced by Pavlov in 1903 7/3/2019 3 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

4. WHAT ? The presentation or removal of something immediately following a response which increases the likelihood that the response will occur again. (Alberto Troutman, 2003) Reinforcement is strengthening or weakening the connection between stimulus and a response. 7/3/2019 4 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

5. WHAT ? A student is an individual and may be different in his/her perception of the reinforcement; so, different reinforcement may be needed for different students A reinforcement is highly effective only if it is used at the right time and the right place; too much repetitive reinforcement may result in the loss of its effectiveness as the motivating factor. 7/3/2019 5 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

6. Reinforcement is strengthening the connection between a stimulus and a response . The skill of reinforcement can increase the students’ involvement in learning in a number of ways. The skill is used when the teacher reinforces correct responses with a smile, when the teacher praises a good response or encourages a slow learner. 7/3/2019 6 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

7. WHY? To increase students attention To motivate students’ and to maintain motivation To facilitate students’ behavior To control and modify disruptive students’ behavior To help the students to develop self management learning To enable students to evaluate their own learning To recognize students’ achievements and efforts 7/3/2019 7 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

8. HOW ? Positive Verbal Reinforcement • ‘Good’ • ‘Fair’ • ‘Excellent’ Positive Non verbal reinforcement • Gesture • Proximity • Contact • asking the students to clap Negative Verbal • ‘No’ • ‘ Wrong’ • ’ stop it ’ Extra verbal clues • ‘ Humm ’ • ‘ ahaa ’ Negative Non verbal • Beating • raising the Eyebrows; frowns Don’ts • Wrong use of reinforcement •Inappropriate use of reinforcement 7/3/2019 8 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

9. Types of Reinforcement 7/3/2019 9 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

10. Types of Reinforcement Positive reinforcement provides pleasant experience or a feeling of satisfaction which contributes towards strengthening of desirable responses or behaviors. Negative reinforcement results in unpleasant experiences, which help in weakening the occurrence of undesirable responses or behaviors. 7/3/2019 10 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

11. Importance of Reinforcement in Teaching Increases learning and make it permanent Motivate the students and they take interest in the learning Make them active Make them attentive on main points 7/3/2019 11 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

12. Components of Reinforcement Skill Positive Verbal Reinforcement • Good, Excellent, Keep it up, Positive Non verbal R einforcement • Gesture(Smile, nodding the head) , Proximity, Contact, asking the students to clap, writing students response on BB Negative Verbal Reinforcement • No, Wrong, stop it, Negative Non Verbal Reinforcement • Beating, raising the eyebrows Extra Verbal Reinforcement • Hmmm, A haa , 7/3/2019 12 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

13. 1. Use wide range of reinforcers . Don’t use similar reinforcers for different responses (viz. easy answer: good, difficult answer: good, partially correct answer: good) 2. Try to involve all pupils and encourage their participations . Don’t neglect shy and passive pupils. 3. Use reinforcing words or statements carefully. Don’t use reinforcers for each and every responses of the pupils. It leads situation artificial. Points to ponder… 7/3/2019 13 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

14. Components of Skill of Reinforcement Desirable: Use of positive verbal reinforcers Use of positive non-verbal reinforcers Additional Verbal reinforcers Undesirable: Use of negative verbal reinforcers Use of negative non-verbal reinforcers In appropriate or wrong use of reinforcers 7/3/2019 14 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

15. School of Education B.Ed. Session- 2017-2019 PRACTICE OF MICROTEACHING SKILL Pupil- Teacher: --------------------------------------------------- Admission No.: ------------------ Class: -------------------------- Duration: -------------------- Date: ------------------------------ Subject: ------------------------------- Topic: ----------------------------------------------------------- SKILL: Reinforcement Components Poor NI 1 AV 2 Good 3 V Good 4 Desirable: 1 2 3 4 Use of positive verbal reinforcers 1 2 3 4 Use of positive non-verbal reinforcers 1 2 3 4 Additional Verbal reinforcers 1 2 3 4 Undesirable: V Good Good AV NI Poor Use of negative verbal reinforcers 1 2 3 4 Use of negative non-verbal reinforcers 1 2 3 4 In appropriate or wrong use of reinforcers 1 2 3 4 7/3/2019 15 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

16. Teaching Point Pupil Teacher Activities Students’ Expected Activities Simple form of Tense Radha sings a song. Which is the verb in the given sentence? Good. (Positive verbal reinforcement) PT writes the answer on the BB. (Positive non-verbal Reinforcement) What time does the verb ‘sing’ indicate? Very Good. (Positive verbal reinforcement) Manish sang a sweet song. Which is the verb in this sentence? [Frowns] (Negative non-verbal reinforcement) The verb is ‘sings’. It indicates present tense Manish ‘sang’ 7/3/2019 16 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

17. Teaching Point Pupil Teacher Activities Students’ Expected Activities Hmm, additional verbal reinforcement) sang is the verb. (Repeats the answer) What time does the verb ‘sang’ indicate? [Nods her head] (positive non-verbal reinforcement) . [writes it on the BB] (positive non-verbal reinforcement) Pinki will sing a sweet song. What is the verb in this sentence? Excellent. (positive verbal reinforcement) What time does the verb ‘will sing’ indicate? The verb “sang” indicates past tense. ‘will sing’ is the verb. It indicates past tense. 7/3/2019 17 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

18. Teaching Point Pupil Teacher Activities Students’ Expected Activities Not true. (negative verbal reinforcement) Looks at another student. You tell Anil. Correct. (positive verbal reinforcement) Yes, future tense. Can you define the term ‘tense’? [Moving towards the student] (positive non-verbal reinforcement) Yes, carry on. (positive verbal reinforcement) Ahhaa ! (additional verbal reinforcement) It indicates future tense. Tense tells about time. Tense is a verb which tells about the time. i.e. when the action takes place. 7/3/2019 18 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz)

19. Thank You!! 7/3/2019 Skill Of Reinforcement (Dr. Ishrat Naaz) 19