Slot 6 Introduction to Quantitative (Survey and Questionnaire).pdf

Slot 6

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Quantitative Data Analysis
Survey and Questionnaire

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Introduction

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Introduction

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INTRODUCTION TO SURVEY AND
QUESTIONNAIRE RESEARCH

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Definition and Purpose
•Asurveyisasystematicresearchmethodusedtogatherinformation
anddatafromaselectedgroupofindividualsorentitiesbyaskinga
standardizedsetofquestions.
•Itisastructuredandorganizedapproachtocollectdataforthe
purposeofunderstandingopinions,attitudes,behaviors,or
characteristicsofthesurveyedpopulation.
•Aquestionnaireisaspecifictoolusedinsurveys.
•Itconsistsofawrittensetofquestionsoritemsthatrespondents
answerindependently.Questionnairesaredesignedtobeclear,
standardized,andstructuredtoensureconsistencyindatacollection.

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Definition and Purpose

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Advantages and Disadvantages

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DESIGNING EFFECTIVE SURVEYS
AND QUESTIONNAIRES

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Formulating Research Questions
Startwithclearandwell-definedresearchquestionsthatthesurveyor
questionnaireaimstoanswerthatwillguidetheentiredesignprocess.

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Formulating Research Questions

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Formulating Research Questions
•Research Question:"How satisfied are customers with their dining experience at XYZ Restaurant?”
•Questionnaire: Customer Satisfaction Survey
–Demographic Information:
–Overall Dining Experience:
–Food Quality:
–Service:
–Cleanliness:
–Value for Money:
–Additional Comments:

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Identifying Variables
•Variablesareelementsorcharacteristicsthatresearchersstudy,
measure,ormanipulatetoanswerresearchquestionsandtest
hypotheses.
•Identifyingvariablesinvolvesdeterminingwhatyouintendtostudyor
observeinyourresearch.

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Identifying Variables

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Identifying Variables

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Constructing Questions
Use Simple and Clear Language
Keep Questions Short and Concise
Avoid Ambiguity and Bias
Closed-Ended or Open-Ended Questions
Balanced Response Options
Logical Sequence
Pretestand Pilot Test
Iterate and Revise

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Response Option Examples

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Example of
Closed-ended
surveys

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Example of
Open-
ended
surveys

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Validity and Reliability

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Validity and Reliability
Importance of Validity and Reliability:
•High validity ensures that the survey measures
what it is intended to measure, enhancing the
accuracy of research findings.
•High reliability ensures that survey responses are
consistent and dependable, reducing
measurement error and increasing the
trustworthiness of results.
•Valid and reliable surveys lead to more credible
and meaningful research conclusions.

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Validity Testing Methods
•Expert Review:
•Literature Review:
•Pilot Testing:
•Concurrent Validation:
•Factor Analysis:
•Hypothesis Testing:
•Consultation with Experts:

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Reliability Testing Methods
•Test-Retest Reliability:
•Internal Consistency Reliability:
•Item-Total Correlation:
•Reliability Coefficients:
•Statistical Software:

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SAMPLING FOR SURVEYS

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Sampling

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Probability and Non-
Probability Sampling

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Probability and Non-
Probability Sampling

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Sample Size
•Calculatingthesamplesizeforasurveyor
researchstudyinvolvesdeterminingthenumber
ofindividualsorunitsyouneedtoincludeinyour
sampletoobtainstatisticallyreliableand
meaningfulresults.
•Thesamplesizedependsonvariousfactors,
includingthedesiredlevelofconfidence,the
marginoferror,thevariabilityinthepopulation,
andthespecificresearchobjectives

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Sample Size Calculator Online
1.Creative Research Systems Sample Size Calculator:
1.Website: Sample Size Calculator
2.SurveyMonkey Sample Size Calculator:
1.Website: SurveyMonkey Sample Size Calculator
3.RaosoftSample Size Calculator:
1.Website: Raosoft Sample Size Calculator
4.EpiToolsEpidemiological Calculators:
1.Website: EpiTools Sample Size Calculators
5.Qualtrics Sample Size Calculator:
1.Website: Qualtrics Sample Size Calculator

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Krejcie& Morgan Table

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DATA COLLECTION

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Methods

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DATA ANALYSIS FOR SURVEYS

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Descriptive Statistics

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Data Visualization

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Inferential Statistics

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ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

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Informed Consent
•Obtaininformedconsentfromallsurveyparticipantsbeforetheytake
part.
•Participantsshouldbefullyawareofthesurvey'spurpose,theirrole,
andhowtheirdatawillbeused.
•Consentshouldbevoluntary,withoutanycoercion.

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Privacy and Confidentiality
•Respecttheprivacyofsurveyparticipants.
•Donotaskintrusiveorpersonalquestionsthatare
unrelatedtotheresearchobjectives.
•If sensitive information is collected, clearly explain why it
is necessary and how it will be handled.
•Protect their personal information and prevent the
disclosure of individual responses.

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