Social science ppt on prinhing aids.pptx

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1. PRESENTATION ON PRINCIPLE OF TEACHING AIDS PRESENTED BY-PANKAJ SANWAL

2. PRINCIPLE OF TEACHING AIDS

3. INTRODUCTION While teaching, the teacher requires the help of different teaching aids. The process of teaching and learning, largely, depends upon the equipments used for teaching. For many years, teachers have been taking help of different things to make their teaching more effective. In most recent times, Science and technology has augmented the process of teaching by making available an array of teaching aids, which hold a significant place in the field of education.

4. MEANING OF TEACHING AIDS Every teacher wants his/her teaching-learning process to be effective. It is expected that whatever a teacher teaches should be listened to carefully, understood clearly, learnt and retained properly for a longer period by the learners. We must have realized the difference between the classroom teaching of past time and that of the present It is because, today’s age is one of science and technology, and like many other fields, the field of education is also affected by it. One of the outstanding developments in the field of educational technology in recent years is the increasing use of teaching aids. Now, teaching aids have become an integral component in the teaching learning process. They make teaching lively as they influence our sense organs.

5. The term ‘teaching aid’ is composed of two words— teaching and aid. Teaching is the act of facilitating learning and aid means help or assistance. Teaching is the process of facilitating the development of knowledge, skills and attitude in the learners towards achievement of particular objectives, which are pre-determined. It is a relationship among three important aspects of education– teacher, student and subject matter.

6. A teaching aid is a tool used by the teacher to help in better facilitating the teaching-learning process It is one of the means by which you can bring life into the theoretical and practical texts. It is a means to involve the learners physically, mentally, emotionally, and environmentally. A teaching aid can involve the learners physically through the use of his senses and acting, mentally through his use of mind and thinking, emotionally through his excitement, and environmentally by making him aware of his environment.

7. In teaching process it is important to generate student’s interest. If interest is build properly, the learning process can take place effectively. For this purpose use of teaching material is important as they have the potentials to arouse interest in teaching-learning process. Richard (1981), in his study found that a normal human being remembers 10% of what they read, 50% of what they saw and heard, above 70% of what they heard, seen and done. An old proverb also explains the same view: I hear and forget. I see and remember I do and I understand. One picture worth ten thousand words

8. TYPES OF TEACHING AIDS There is a range of teaching aids used in the classroom. These aids can be categorized differently. Teaching aids can be divided into:- On the basis of the sense organs addressed On the basis of how the aid is used On the basis of motion or movement On the basis of dimensions of object On the basis of size of media On the basis of source of energy On the basis of hard ware and soft ware

9. Categorization of Teaching Aids on the basis of Sense Organs addressed VISUAL AIDS AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS AUDIO AIDS

10. VISUAL AIDS

11. PHOTOGRAPHS NOTICE BOARD MAGNETIC BOARD MODELS CHALK BOARD GRAPHS PUPPETS GLOBE CARTOONS SPECIMENS NEWS PAPER CHARTS

12. AUDIO AIDS

13. HEADPHONE TAPE RECORDER MIKE SPEAKER RADIO MOBILE PHONE

14. AUDIO - VISUAL AIDS

15. DEMONSTRATION LECTURE TELEVISION COMPUTER MOBILE PHONE FILMS

16. CATEGORIZATION OF TEACHING AIDS ON THE BASIS OF USAGE OF TEACHING AIDS PROJECTED AIDS ACTIVITY AIDS NON-PROJECTED AIDS

17. PROJECTED AIDS FILM STRIPS DVD SLIDES PROJECTOR

18. PHOTOGRAPHS NOTICE BOARD MAGNETIC BOARD MODELS CHALK BOARD GRAPHS PUPPETS GLOBE CARTOONS SPECIMENS NEWS PAPER CHARTS NON PROJECTED AIDS

19. ACTIVITY AIDS DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENT FIELD TRIPS

20. PRINCIPLES OF USING TEACHING AIDS PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION : The teaching aids make the teaching effective only when they are selected on the basis of the objectives, content, grade level, educational value and the relevance. The following points may be kept in view in this regard. ( i ) They should suit the age-level, grade-level and other characteristics of the learners. (ii) They should have specific educational value besides being interesting and motivating. (iii) They should be true representatives of real things. (iv) They should help in the realization of desired learning objectives.

21. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION : . The teachers should prepare the aid by themselves and whenever possible, should associate the learners in the preparation process. The following points should be kept in mind in this connection:- L ocally available material should be used and the cost of preparing should be kept low. The teachers should receive some training in the preparation of aids.

22. ` PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL CONTROL : There has to be a proper arrangement of keeping aids safely and also to facilitate their access to and used by teachers. PRINCIPLE OF PROPER PRESENTATION : Proper presentation of Teaching Aids is very necessary. Teachers should carefully visualize the use of teaching aids before their actual presentation. They should fully acquaint themselves with the use an manipulation of the Aids to be shown in the classroom. The Aid should be displayed properly so that all the students are able to see it, observe it and derive maximum benefit out of it.

23. Principle of Response : Teaching Aids will be more effective if teachers guide the students to respond actively to the audio and visual stimuli so that they derive the maximum benefit in learning. Principle of Evaluation : There should be continues evaluation of both the audio-visual material for the realization of the desired objectives.

24. Principle of Use : Before actually using or presenting the teaching aid, the teacher should carefully plan and visualize its use. They should prepare themselves beforehand for the use and manipulation of the aids. Proper timing should be maintained— like when to present the aid during the class, what will be the duration of using the aid during the class, etc.

25. IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING AIDS Teaching aids play an very important role in Teaching- Learning process. Importance of Teaching aids are as follows :- Motivation- Teaching aids motivate the students so that they can learn better . Clarification- Through teaching aids , the teacher clarify the subject matter more easily. Increase the Vocabulary- Teaching aids helps to increase the vocabulary of the students more effectively .

26. Saves Time and Money Classroom Live and active- Teaching aids make the classroom live and active . Avoids Dullness Direct Experience- Teaching aids provide direct experience to the students

27. PROBLEMS IN USING TEACHING AIDS Though teaching aids serve as assistance in the teaching learning process, you may face various problems while using them. The following are some of the problems, which a teacher might face: Lose Focus : Teaching aids are used only to aid the teaching learning process. But you may lose focus of the main purpose of using the teaching aids. The students may be more interested in the aid rather than in the topic. Therefore, while using the teaching aids, the teachers should see that the aid is properly used without distracting the learners from the topic.

28. Ineffectiveness of the Aids : If you do not plan properly the use of teaching aids, or do not prepare properly beforehand, the aid will be a futile. It may rather create confusion among the learners. Improper Selection : While using the teaching aids, it is very important that the aid is appropriately selected according to the topic to be taught, the grade of the students, their background, and other facilities available. Improper selection of teaching aids may result in the confusion among the learners. Instead of helping them, it will create complications in understanding the content. It may also lead to distraction of the learners.

29. Infrastructural Problems : Another problem for using teaching aids is the lack of adequate infrastructure. For e.g., to use a LCD projector. you need continuous power supply, but if it is not available, you cannot use it effectively. Financial Problems : Using teaching aids require some financial assistance. Though you are encouraged to use low cost teaching aids, it is not always possible to keep the cost low. Therefore, sometimes, the lack of finance to prepare or procure teaching aids creates problems.

30. Lack of Training : Appropriate use of teaching aids require training on the part of the teacher. Though the teacher training programmes provide theoretical knowledge of the teaching aids, adequate practical training in use of various teaching aids is not provided. This lack of training influences the effectiveness of using teaching aids in the classroom.

31. THANK YOU