social studies ppt suitable for BPharm students.ppt

Suitable for UG students

1. French Revolution
(1789-1799)
I.Intro
II.Background/Why a
Revolution?
A.Economy/Monarchy
B.Estates General
III.Freedom/Equality (1789-92)
A.Taking Action
B.New Constitution &
Calendar
IV.Terror (1792-95)
A.War
B.Robespierre
V.Directory (1795-99)
VI.Evaluation
Key Terms
•National Assembly
•Bastille
•Great Fear
•“Rights of Man”
•Committee on
Public Safety
•“Levee en masse”

2. French Revolution Themes
(Turning Point In Europe’s History)
•It was a “popular” Revolution (involved common people
angry at the monarchy).
•It turned violent & bloody.
•It came full-circle.
Economic Crisis:
•Government’s Debt
–French/Indian War & American Revolution
–Tax system
•Poor harvests in 1780s—riots

3. Tax System In France
•Nobles & Clergy-did not pay taxes
•Who was left…?
–Peasants & Bourgeoisie
•Those with the least wealth paid the most in taxes
•Corvée: Peasants were required to work 12-15
days of unpaid labor for the state (roads, bridges,
etc)

4. French Revolution
•Phase I: Freedom & Equality (1789-1792)
Slogan: Liberty,
Equality & Fraternity

5. First Step to Revolution
•The King (Louis XVI) wanted to increase taxes &
nobles refused to pay.
•Estates General (French Parliament) was called into
session—it had not met since 1614!

6. Estates General
•But the “Masses”& Bourgeoisie objected to unequal
representation.
• So, they formed their own group:
National Assembly

7. Nobles/Lords: 1-5%
Clergy: 5-10%
Middle Class: 5-10%
(Bourgeoisie)
The “Masses”
75-85%

8. National Assembly
•“The Masses” &
Bourgeoisie met and
Declared they would not
disband until a new
constitution was
adopted!
Tennis Court Oath

9. Storming the Bastille
(July, 1789)
1.Rioting in Paris led about
800 common citizens to
attack the Bastille.
2.The people took the
Bastille, but 98 civilians
died & became martyrs.
3.Turning point: Average
citizens sparked a mass
Revolution.

10. Storming the Bastille
(July, 1789)
•Lafayette gave this key
to George Washington
it’s now on display at
Mount Vernon
Key to the Bastille

11. Great Fear
(August, 1789)
1.Rumor: nobles were going to destroy crops in rural
areas to hurt Revolutionaries.
2.Peasants looted & destroyed noble’s homes.
3.Result = nobility & clergy renounced ALL traditional
privileges.

12. Common People Destroy The Old Order

13. “Rights of Man”
(1789)
1.Every man is guaranteed natural rights and should
be treated equally.
Philosophical Statement:

14. New Calendar
•Provisions
–1789 would be the year 1 (a brand new start)
–12 months in year
–30 days in each month
– 3 weeks in each month
– 1 day each week a holiday (1 every 10 days)

15. New Constitution*
(1790)
1.Established a Constitutional Monarchy:
a)Louis XVI-monarch
b)But a National Legislature would have the most
power
2.The Old Regime was gone; society would be
based on freedom & equality.
*Just about all adult males could vote.

16. French Revolution
•Phase II: Terror (1792-1795)

17. Reign of Terror
(1792-95)
•To wage war, the National Legislature gave
tremendous power to a committee of its members.
• WAR!
France vs. rest of Europe

18. Committee On Public Safety
•Leader of the Committee
Robespierre
(1758-1794)

19. Committee On Public Safety
•Mobilized entire defense of France.
•Instituted “Levee en masse.”
–ALL in society were required to contribute to the
war effort.
•Any & all dissent was CRUSHED.

20. Guillotine
•Use was popularized by Dr. Joseph Guillotin
•Estimated 25,000-50,000 executions (1792-94)
•500,000 were imprisoned

21. Louis XVI Executed
(January, 1793)

22. Marie Antoinette Executed
(October, 1793)

23. Committee On Public Safety
•Mobilized entire defense of France.
•Instituted “Levee en masse.”
–ALL in society were required to contribute to the
war effort.
•Any & all dissent was CRUSHED
Their actions demonstrated the TERROR & how the
Revolution turned violent & bloody.

24. French Revolution
•Phase III: The Directory (1795-1799)
(Conservative Reaction)

25. Directory
(1795-1799)
1.Created by the adoption of another new
Constitution—to prevent another “TERROR.”
•Who can vote?—landowners only
2.Power would be held by Five Consuls (one was
Napoleon Bonaparte).
3.1799 Directory was abolished & Napoleon
became the sole leader of France.

26. Revolution Comes Full-Circle
•Revolution’s Goal: destroy the monarchy & Old Regime
•Result: one ruler (Emperor)
•All male landowners could vote, society was more equal;
but not full “freedom & equality” for all

27. French Revolution Themes
(Turning Point In Europe’s History)
•It was a “popular” Revolution (involved common people
angry at the monarchy).
•It turned violent & bloody.
•It came full-circle.

28. Evaluation…
•Overall, was the Revolution positive or negative for
the people of France?

29. French Revolution
(1789-1799)
I.Intro
II.Background/Why a
Revolution?
A.Economy/Monarchy
B.Estates General
III.Freedom/Equality (1789-92)
A.Taking Action
B.New Constitution &
Calendar
IV.Terror (1792-95)
A.War
B.Robespierre
V.Directory (1795-99)
VI.Evaluation
Key Terms
•National Assembly
•Bastille
•Great Fear
•“Rights of Man”
•Committee on
Public Safety
•“Levee en masse”

30. Tennis Court of Versille