Social Work Methods and Areas

As a student of MSW final year, first time I presented this PPT at RCU's P G Halakatti, P G Centre, Vachana Sanagama,Toravi, Vijayapur. This is a wonderful experience and opportunity to me..

1. RANI CHANNAMMA UNIVERSITY VIDYASANGAMA, BELAGAVI. DEPT. OF STUDIES IN SOCIAL WORK Paper Presentation on ‘ SOCIAL WORK METHODS AND AREAS ’ By Mr. Anand Basavraj Undi Student, MSW IV SEM.

2. INTRODUCTION “Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work.  Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledges , social work   engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing.”

3. METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK METHOD MEANS…..? A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something, especially a systematic or established one. A particular way of doing something A way, technique, or process of or for doing something. A body of skills or techniques. A discipline that deals with the principles and techniques of scientific inquiry. Approach, fashion, form, how, manner,methodology, recipe, strategy, style,system, tack, tactics, technique, way.

4. Being a scientific profession social work has its own methodology. Traditionally the methods of social work are divided as primary and secondary. From the above illustrations we can understand that there are primary and secondary methods in social work. The primary methods make interventions directly with the clients. At the same time the secondary methods indirectly assist the primary methods and also help the clients. Let us examine each method. SOCIAL WORK METHODS PRIMARY METHODS SECONDARY METHODS Social Case Work Social Group Work Community Organization Social Action Social Welfare Administration Social Work Research

5. 1.SOCIAL CASE WORK Mary Ellen Richmond (1861-1928)  the founding mother of Social Case Work. While social case work was a primary method of intervention, it was not until Mary Richmond published  Social Diagnosis  in 1917 that a formal definition for social case work began to formulate. WHAT IS SOCIAL CASEWORK? Social case work is the method employed by social workers to help individuals find solutions to problems of social adjustment that are difficult for individuals to navigate on their own. Mary Ellen Richmond: ‘Social case work consists of those processes which develop personality through adjustments consciously effected, individual by individual, between men and their social environment’. COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL CASEWORK The person The problem The place The process

6. PHASES OF SOCIAL CASE WORK PROGRESS According Mary Richmond (1917) there are three phases of social case work practice: social investigation or psycho-social study, diagnosis and treatment or management. In contemporary social case work practice these three phases have been divided into five divisions namely- Social investigation or Study, Assessment, Intervention, Termination and Evaluation.

7. AREAS/FIELDS/SETTINGS/ APPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL CASE WORK Medical Setting Family Setting Correctional Setting Educational Setting Child Welfare Setting Corporate Setting

8. 2.SOCIAL GROUP WORK Social group work was introduced to the social work profession when it made its debut at the National Conference for Social Work in 1935. At this conference, Newsletter (1935) introduced the concept of social group work to the social work profession. WHAT IS SOCIAL GROUP WORK? Social group work is a method of social work that helps persons to enhance their social functioning through purposeful group experiences and to cope more effectively with their personal, group or community problems (Marjorie Murphy, 1959). Group work is a method of working with people in groups. A group can be made up of two or more people. Group work is an approach aimed at personal growth, enhancement of social functioning, and for the achievement of socially desirable goals.

9. PHASES OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK Forming the Group-Beginning Exploration- Initial Session Performing- Action Phase Assessment- Evaluation Termination- Separation

10. AREAS/FIELDS/SETTINGS/ APPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK 1. Group Work in Community Settings Social Action Groups Group Work with Disaster Victims Groups Work Among the Substance Abusers Group work among the caregivers Group Work Among Young People in the Community 2. Group Work in Institutional Settings Group Work and Child Welfare Group work in juvenile homes Group work with street children Group work with parents of mentally challenged children Group Work and Geriatric Care Groups Work in Psychiatric Setting Group Work in Hospitals 3. Group Work in Educational Settings Student Friendly Environment Camping and Indian Youth Organizations- NSS , NCC,NYK

11. 3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION Community organization viewed from a humanitarian approach is meant to solve the problems of the community is as old as society itself. But viewed as one of the methods of social work profession it is of very recent origin. WHAT IS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION? Murray G. Ross  in 1955 defined community organisation as a process by which community identifies its needs or objectives, orders (or ranks) these needs or objectives, develops the confidence and will to work at these needs or objectives, finds the resources (internal and/or external) to deal with these needs or objectives takes action in respect to them and in so doing extends and develops co-operative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community. Community organization covers a series of activities at the community level aimed at bringing about desired improvement in the social well being of individuals, groups and neighborhoods. In a more contemporary context, Murphy and Cunningham (2003) have defined community organizing as “the systematic process for mobilizing and advocating by using communal power”. They opine that “Organizing for Community Controlled Development ( OCCD ).

12. PROCESS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION 1) Role Searching 2) Enlisting People’s Participation 3) Developing a Community Profile 4) Needs Assessment 5) Ordering/Prioritizing Needs 6) Problem Analysis and Redefinition 7) Formulation of Achievable Objectives 8) Development of Community Confidence and Willpower 9) Work Out the Alternatives 10) Selection of an Appropriate Alternative 11) Work Out a Plan of Action 12) Mobilisation of Resources 13) Implementation of Action 14) Evaluation of Action 15) Modification 16) Development of Cooperative and Collaborative Attitudes.

13. AREAS/FIELDS/SETTINGS/ APPLICATIONS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION Urban/ Rural/ Tribal Community Development. 4. Working With the Community Power Structure. 5. Government/Non Government/ Corporate Sectors. 6. Models- Locality Development, Social Planning/Policy, Social Action,Neighbourhood Development Model,System Change Model,Structural Change Model.

14. 4. SOCIAL ACTION Social Action has been used to signify a wide range of primarily voluntary initiative to bring out change in social systems, processes and even structure. Social workers, more often than not, have divergent opinion about the scope and relevance of social action. This ambiguity has even accelerated the debate whether to recognize social action as a method of professional social work. WHAT IS SOCIAL ACTION ? Mary Richmond , for the first time, in 1922, made use of the term social action in social work. She has defined social action as “mass betterment through propaganda and social legislation”. Nanawati (1965) considered social action as “a process of bringing about the desired changes by deliberate group and community efforts. Social action does not end with the enactment and signing of social legislation, but that the execution of the policies was the real test of success or failure of social action”. Social action should not be seen only as a method but as an overriding philosophy behind socialwork education in India. - Armaity Desai

15. PROCESS OF SOCIAL ACTION The Initiating set The Legitimizers The Diffusion set Defining the need Commitment to action Goals Means Plan for action Mobilizing and organizing resources Launching the program Carrying out the program Final evaluation

16. AREAS/FIELDS/SETTINGS/ APPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL ACTION 1)Prevention of needs. 2) Solution of mass problems. 3) Improvement in mass conditions. 4) Influencing institutions, policies and practices. 5) Introduction of new mechanisms or programmes . 6) Redistribution of power and resources. 7) Decision-making. 8) Effect on thought and action structure. 9) Improvement in health, education and welfare.

17. 5. SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION Social welfare administration is a process by which we apply professional competence to achieve certain goals. It is called a process of transforming social policy into social action. It involves the administration of government and Nongovernment agencies. WHAT IS SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION? Herleigh Tracker (1971) interprets social welfare administration as a “process of working with people in ways that release and relate their energies so that they use available resources to accomplish the purpose of providing needed community services and programmes .” John C Kidneigh 1950 : social work administration is “the process of transforming social policy into socialservices ……..a two-way process: transforming policy into concrete social services, and the use of experience in recommending modification of policy”.

18. PROCESS/ FUNCTINS / SCOPE OF SW ADMINISTRATION P- Planning O- Organizing S- Staffing D- Directing Co- Coordinating R- Reporting B- Budgetting E- Evalution F- Feedback

19. 6. SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH Social Work Research is the application of research methods to the production of knowledge that Social Workers need to solve problems they confront in the practice of Social Work. WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH? G R Madan in Indian Social Problems Vol -2 (Page No-18): Social Work Research is the systematic critical investigation of questions in the social welfare field with the purpose of yielding answers to problems of social work and of extended. In brief “it helps Social Workers to find ways and means of enhancing social functioning at the individual, group and social levels.

20. THE RESEARCH PROCESS Stage I : Selection and Formulation of Problem Stage II : Formulation of Hypothesis Stage III : Formulation of Research Design Stage IV : Collection of Data Stage V : Analysis and Interpretation of Data Stage VI : Generalizations.

21. AREAS/FIELDS/SETTINGS/ APPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH Social Work Theory Social Work Practicum Social Work Profession

22. CONCLUSION The discipline of social work has a long history of evolution from charity-based tradition to the autonomous profession of today. The concern for professionalizing and acadamizing social work across the globe became a significant issue in the beginning of the twentieth century in the west including Europe and the US. From the west, social work as a professional discipline has spread all over the world.

23. REFERENCES Prof . Gracious Thomas (2010). Origin and Development of Social Work. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi. Prof . Gracious Thomas (2010 ).Case Work and Counselling: Working with Individuals. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi. Prof. Gracious Thomas (2010 ).Social Group Work: Working with Groups. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi . Prof . Gracious Thomas (2010 ). Community Organization Management for Community Development. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi . 5. Prof . Gracious Thomas (2010 ).Social Work Research. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.

24. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR GIVING AN OPPORTUNITY!!