socio-economic condition survey result ppt

A survey was conducted on female workers of rmg sector in dhaka city about their socio-economic condition

1. A study on Socio-Economic Condition of Female RMG Workers BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology Department of textile engineering (TE) Course Title: Sociology Course Code: SOC-4101 Section: 4 (201) Presentation on Presented By: Id: 201-143-801( Hillol Das Dhruba ) Id: 201-117-801( Mst . Sabiha Sultana ) Id: 201-268-801( Jasmin Sultana Jacy ) Id: 201-279-801( Nafisa Anjum Oishi ) Id: 201-294-801( Mst . Shamima Akter ) Presented To: Md. Abdur Rakib Assistant professor & Head BUFT Date of submission: 02-08-2023

2. The Ready Made Garment (RMG) has been placed largest export earnings of Bangladesh. The first garment factory opened in 1976. The industry has grown dramatically over the past 47 years, which can be treated as a life blood of the Bangladesh economy . The RMG industry created employment opportunities especially for female workers , t his industry has Provided the largest employment opportunities for women in the industrial sector where more than 85 percent of t he production workers are women. These women have a great role for strengthening the RMG industry In this context, this study was undertaken to assess the socio-economic conditions of the female garment workers in the Dhaka City area. In January 2023, South Asian Network on Economic Modeling (SANEM) estimated the living wage range for the RMG workers living in Dhaka between Tk 19,200 and Tk 22,900. This does not reflect what RMG workers are actually paid - which is about half of the estimated amount and their salary structure is not sufficient to run their family expenditure successfully. It was found that the female RMG workers contribute 41% share of their individual income to the total family expense.  Although their income has been increased by the government, it is not sufficient to ensure their minimum standard of living. Employment opportunities of women in the RMG sector have no doubt upgraded their lives - both socially and economically.  The RMG industry has led to significant changes in the socio-economic conditions and livelihood patterns of working women. Even then, workers continue to be deprived of their legitimate share. Unless and until the basic rights of female RMG workers are ensured, it cannot be expected that this sector will achieve its desired goal. Socio-economic condition of female garment workers in Bangladesh

3. The main objective of the study is to assess the socio-economic conditions of the female garment workers employed in the garment industries. To achieve the main objective, the study also sets the following specific objectives: To identify the factors that affects the socio-economic conditions of the female garment workers. To assess the social conditions as well as economic position of the female garment workers in our society. To recommend measures to be taken for improving the socio-economic conditions of the female garment workers. Objectives

4. Methodology For assessing the socio-economic condition of the female garment worker, a survey was conducted under Dhaka . The study was based on quantitative method . The survey covered total number of 20 respondents , which were drawn from 6 garment factories situated in different locations of Dhaka using a convenient sampling technique. The factories names are Macy'c Garments Ltd . (Mirpur), Pimkie Apparels Ltd. ( Tongi ), Vision Garments Ltd . (Mirpur), Jokky Garments Ltd . (Mirpur), Moonlit Apparels Ltd. (Mirpur) and Masco group . Data were collected during July 20 23 where a self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect primary data considering the objective of the study. A set of factors that influence socio-economic conditions of the livelihood have been selected from each respondent respectively for the study purpose. These included age, level of education, marital status, family members, various facilities, income and expenses problems faced by them and related solutions. Simple statistical technique like frequency distribution, percentage of frequency , Pie chart and graphs were used to analyze the collected data.

5. Age Status of Female RMG Workers Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 . Most of the female workers are belong to young. This implies that female workers cannot work in the garment fully for long time because of occupational hazards and workplace stress and the employers do not prefer aged-experienced workers in the factories to reduce cost by employing fresh workers at low cost.

6. Among the female workers surveyed, 80% percent are married and 20% percent are unmarried. We found that married women worker works along with Their husbands to support their family some of them even are the main earners of their family. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 . Marital Status of Female RMG Workers

7. Education Level of Female RMG Worker 50 percent of the workers have education up to class V, while 20 percent have education above class X. Because workers educational level is low, their work understanding and working capacity is expected to be poor. For this, they get poor remuneration and facilities from employers. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

8. Duration of Job Experience of Female RMG Workers Experience is an extra advantageous factor for getting a job and getting higher amount of salaries in any organization. The survey finds that in most cases new workers are getting poor salaries. Employer thinks they are not capable of providing expected performance to the employer and hence being deprived. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

9. Basic Salary (Tk.) Structure per month o f Female RMG Workers Our survey reveals that 50% percent of the female workers get Tk. 10000 or less as total pay per month, which is really insufficient to lead their life with 3-4 dependent members in the family. Women labors are very cheap in Bangladesh . Women are getting low salaries as they are employed in lower level and unskilled jobs. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

10. What is the living conditions o f Female RMG Workers Most of the garment workers belongs from Poor to lower middle class category. They can hardly meet Their expenses and living a decent life is very difficult for them Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

11. Satisfaction towards overall income and financial Situation o f Female RMG Workers So most of the workers showed dissatisfaction towards their financial situation. They provided salary is not sufficient for them. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

12. Savings of Female RMG Workers Almost 70% women said that they are unable to save any money from Their Salary. They can hardly meet Their expenses so it is normal that there is no savings at the end of the month. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

13. If there is any Loan taken by Female RMG Workers Through according to our survey the workers mostly said they have not taken any loan but we believe most of the workers take loans from various sources. Maybe if we would have asked a larger audience then our percentage would have been different. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

14. How do female garment workers perceive their Affordability of Daily necessity Most of the garment workers stayed neutral in this question they sometimes can afford when the food are in affordable price is mostly depends on the market Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

15. Have you ever faced challenges in meeting expenses for healthcare, housing, and other basic necessities due to your income level? Around 60% of them occasionally face challenges in meeting these expenses Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

16. Have you or your family members faced challenges in affording education (e.g., school fees, tuition, books) in the past year? As Most of the Workers are Married women and they have childrens so they face challenges in affording education for Their child Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

17. C urrent housing arrangement of female rmg workers Most of the Workers try to live Close to the workplace because it Save time and money Both Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

18. How many people are sharing the accommodation with them ? They mostly stay in ranted apartment so they share their place with other people in that case it Save a little un Their chaotic life Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

19. Are you satisfied with the living conditions of your current accommodation? People have dissatisfaction towards Their living condition but still most of them didn’t wanted to comment Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

20. How would you rate the sanitation and cleanliness of your current housing accommodation? People are satisfied with Their sanitation. That means at least it is want is Being ensuring by working as a garment worker. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

21. How much of your monthly income is typically allocated to food expenses? So 50% of workers think that about 50-75% of Their income they have to use in allocation of food. So we can just Imagine how difficult it must be for them to meet Their other expenses Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

22. Do you find it challenging to afford nutritious meals due to your income level? It is obviously a challenge for workers to have nutritious food it becames unaffordable with compare to the Salary they are getting. Some of them even said they face difficulties in buying normal food also. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

23. Have you ever had to compromise on the quality or quantity of your meals to manage expenses? Quality and quantity they have to compromise in order to live. They Don’t live to eat but they eat to live. For living they have to keep eating without thinking about quality because the money they have is not sufficient to live properly Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

24. How often do you consume protein-rich food (e.g., meat, fish, eggs, legumes) during a typical workweek? It is obviously a challenge for workers to have nutritious food it becames unaffordable with compare to the Salary they are getting. Some of them even said they face difficulties in buying normal food also. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

25. How would you rate your overall health condition? Most Workers said they are in good health they Don’t have any health issue. That’s why they can Work for longer period in factory also in Their homes Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 . Fair 55% Poor 30% Good 15% Excellent 0%

26. Do you have access to regular medical check-ups and health screenings? Workers said they Don’t have facilities for regular check up some of them said they Don’t have time some said they Don’t have availability of it, whereas some of them think this is not necessary Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

27. Did you find the cost of medical treatment and healthcare services affordable? For most of them medical treatment is unaffordable. And Even if there is various facilities for poor people workers said they are deprive of this. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

28. Have you or your family members faced challenges in meeting expenses for healthcare in the past year? It is difficult for a worker of under 10000 salary to meet the expenses for medical treatment so they sometimes are unable to provide it for Their family members. Source : Field Survey, Jun-July, 2023 .

29. Conclusion RMG sector has already recognized as the most important economic strength of Bangladesh which is contributing three-fourth of export earnings and where 3.6 million people are working, of which 85% are women. Due to participation in this income generating sector their life and status in the society got upgraded. But still majorities of women are disadvantaged and economically poverty stricken categories women folk. Though some improvements have been done, female workers are still facing problems which make their livelihood in struggle. The following problems that we have find are commonly faced most of by the female workers: It was found that the female garment workers faced housing and transportation problem to live in and commuting to their working place. In the RMG industry some female workers complained that cost of living in Dhaka city is so high. The RMG workers reported that they are always worried about their job because any L time they can be suspended from their job. The RMG workers are faced with the problems of getting salary in time. Most of the workers are worried about their future because they cannot save so much. They felt headache for sound pollution in their workplace. Physical weakness and eye trouble was reported by the workers. They got illness when they work continually onward. But most of the RMG industries are lacking proper medical facilities. During the survey most of the worker complained that their wage is less comparing their labor

30. Recommendations However, largely, the condition of female garment workers is very frustrating because of mainly low wage and salary, poor working environment, limited housing facilities, lack of medical facilities, low level incentives and so on. Therefore this study suggests some recommendation which will improve their livelihood. The major recommendations are as follows: To provide housing and transportation facilities by the respective owner To increase the present wage and need to ensure the minimum wage for them To ensure the payment of salary in the due date To save a portion of their salary in the account created by the owner To prevent sound pollution in the working place and need to ensure proper medical facilities To determine a target based bonus system as well as other incentives such as leaves, health benefit and so on The government and BGMEA should be aware of the violations of the labor law against the poor female workers. Regularly long working hours and overtime hours create many problems in their families and health. So working hours should be minimized by increasing regular salary.

31. PHOTO SHOWCASE

32. References Ali, R.N., Begum, F., Salehin , M.M. and Farid , K S. (2008). Livelihood pattern of rural women garment workers at Dhaka city,J . Bangladesh Agril . Univ. 6(2): 449–456. Bangladesh Employers’ Federation( 2009). A Handbook on the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006. Berg, A., Hedrich , S., Kempf , S. and Tochtermann , T. (2011). McKinsey Report on Bangladesh’s readymade garments landscape: The challenge of growth, McKinsey & Company, Inc. BGMEA (2010-2011). Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, Members’ Directory, 2010-2011. Bhattacharya, D. and Rahman.M . (2000).Bangladesh’s Apparel Sector: Growth Trends and the Post-MFA Challenges. Proceedings of a national seminar on Growth of Garment Industry of Bangladesh: Economic and Social Dimensions, BIDS and OXFAM-GB Bangladesh, Dhaka. M S Siddiqui (2023) Women in RMG: Where they stand today Publish : 27 May 2023, 04:00 AM Dhaka tribune