sociology-culture,folkways,mores

sociology-culture,folkways,mores

1. Mr.Allen Anil. Mohite Clinical Instructor PBBSc (N) College Of Nursing Wanless Hospital Miraj 416410 CULTURE

2. Culture is derived from the English word ' kulthra ’ and Sanskrit word ‘ samskar ’, which denotes social channel and intellectual excellence. Culture is a way of life.  

3. Culture is a complex whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by the man as a member of society -EB Taylor. Definition

4. Culture is a symbolic, continuous, cumulative and progressive process- Leglic AY White "The cumulative creation of man; the handwork of man and the medium through which he achieves is ends- Malinowski B

5. An accumulation of thoughts, values and objects; it is the social heritage acquired by us from preceding generations through learning, as distinguished from the biological heritage which is passed on to us automatically through the genes - Graham Wallas

6. ‘ The instruments constituted by man to assist him in satisfying his wants- CC NORTH

7. The body of thoughts and knowledge, both theoretical and practical, which only man can possess’- EV DeRoberty

8. Culture is an organization of phenomenon of acts (patterns of behavior) objects (tools) ideas (belief, knowledge, sentiment) attitudes values the use of symbols. Culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in art and artifact (indication) which persisting through tradition, characterizes the human group- Redfield Meaning

9. 1. Culture is an acquired quality or learned way of behavior. It is learned through experience, imitation, communication, concept, thinking and socialization process. Characteristics

10. 2. Culture is transmitted by vertically or horizontally and thus it is communicative. Vertical transmission is f rom generation to generation, horizontal transmission is from one group to another group within the same period Knowledge is accumulative. Language is the chief vehicle of culture. t he expression, body movements, gestures, feelings, attitudes, thinking also exhibit the culture.

11. 3. Culture is social but not individual. The patterns of thinking, feeling, acting are characteristics of culture. Culture can be shared by members of group and kept relatively uniform through group pressures.

12. 4. Culture is idealistic. The learned ways of behavior which make up the culture are regarded as ideal patterns to which members are supported to conform disparities often occur between ideals and practice but members will understand and be aware ot ideal means of culture.

13. 5. Culture fulfills some needs and desires of individual to fulfill group functions.

14. 6. Culture is adoptive. It may institute changes in the environment as a means of adopting instead of altering themselves to the changing environment.

15. 7. Culture is integrative. The parts of culture display a tendency to be molded in an integrated consistent pattern.

16. 8. Culture evolves into more complex forms through division of labor, which develops special skills, the interdependence of members within the society

17. 9. Culture is continuóus and cumulative. culture is a growing whole which includes in itself, the achievements of the past and the present and makes provision for the future achievements of the mankind. Culture is the social heritage of man.

18. 10. Culture is dynamic. Culture is subjected to slow but constant changes: Change and growth are latent on culture and is responsive to the changing conditions of the world. It is the process of, adjustment.

19. 11. Culture is gratifying. Culture provides opportunities and provides means for the satisfaction of our needs (biological and social) and desires.

20. 12. Culture varies from society to society. Every culture has a culture of its own/unique. Cultural elements are not uniform everywhere, e.g. Customs, traditions, morals, ideals , values, ideologies, beliefs, practices, institutions etc., and culture varies from time to time.

21. 13. Culture is super organic. Culture is independent of physical and physiological properties and characteristics . People are proud of their cultural heritage. e.g.: The 'flag represents the nation.

22. Culture is unique, every culture has its own varied and diverse; culture is based on society. Certain cultural similarities and variations will be observed, e.g.: People worship different Gods but the basic concept is religion. People will hold different Occupations built ultimate aim is living and earning Some ritual ceremonies customs may have similar or of little variation. 1he content culture is of two types Types of Culture

23. 1. Material culture: Manmade objects, which may be experienced with senses, e.g : Pen, table, pad, etc. it is concerned with external, mechanical and utilitarian objects. the devices and instruments by which nature is controlled. It includes technical and material equipments like: Housing, press, locomotive, media. Material culture represents "the whole apparatus of life' or ' civilisation '. It can be easily communicated and makes our life more comfortable, meaningful and luxurious. It has thus extrinsic value, e.g Housing- when people are constructing the houses they will take the opinions of elders, customs, traditions and vaastu apart from suggestions of engineers.

24. 2. Non-material culture: It includes the concepts, values, and ideas, e.g : Monogamy, democracy.

25. Culture makes man as a social being To regulate the conduct and prepares the human being for group life through the process of socialization It defines the meaning of situation. Provides solutions to complicated situations as it provides traditional interpretation to certain situations. Defines values, attitudes and goals. Functions of Culture

26. Broaden the vision of individuals. Provides behaviour pattern and relationship with others. Creates new needs and interests. Moulds national character. Keeps the individual behaviour intact. Defines myths, legends, supernatural believes.

27. Cultural Trait The smallest unit of culture is 'cultural trail. It may be material of non-material. These traits develop concurrently and collect together to gain the importance in terms of degrees or significance they have tor the behavior of human being. This effective group behavior 1s called "cultural complex, e.g. Joint family system, caste system. Organization Of Culture/ Evolution

28. Cultural Pattern The combination of material and non-material traits into a functional whole. Which reflect the dominant characteristics of culture in standardized manner among the members of group, e-g:child rearing practices, Childs behavior in sch00l. Organization Of Culture/ Evolution

29. Cultural Area Refers to a geographic locality, which shares common cultural climates, e.g.: tribal areas, industrial belts. Organization Of Culture/ Evolution

30. FolkWays

31. The word 'folkways' literally means the ways of the people. Conformity to folkways is expected but is not absolutely insisted upon. These are accepted ways of behavior. Folkways make man in unique means of adapting himself to the environment. The customary traits and ways of behavior of people that are binding. A group through trial and error influences or may arrive some possibilities of behavior. It is passing through generation to generation.

32. Behavior patterns of everyday_ life, which unconsciously arises Within a group - Gillin and Gillin The ways of acting that are common to a society or a group that are handed down from one generation to the next. - AW Green Definition

33. Typical or habitual beliefs, attitudes, styles of conduct Observed within a group or community . - Lundberg Social habits or group expectations that have arised in the daily life of the group - Merill For example: Eating pattern, habits, communication, dressing walking working greeting.

34. Social 1n nature: Products of man's group life. For sustaining, maintaining, to get social recognition individuals has to conform the folkways. Repetitive in character: If majority of people observe constantly and regularly, it becomes folkways. Practice become standardized by constant repetition. Unplanned origt1: Spontaneous, automatic, unconscious in origin. No advance planning is required, e.g : Hairstyle, dressing style, conversation style, etc. Nature of Folkways

35. Informal enforcement: Folkways are informal means of social control. If the individual is not following the folkways, it becomes 'ridicule or 8oSsip Varied in nature: it differs from group to group; society to society, e.g.: Table manners, eating pattern. Numerous and diverse: Depending upon society and group varied folkways are observed. Subjected to change: Based on social conditions, situations, environment the folkways will be varied. Based on cultural traits, people will adopt certain cultural practices. Nature of Folkways

36. Spontaneous in origin, automatic Approved behavior Distinctiveness (recognized ways of behavior) Hereditary To meet the needs/problems of the society, e.g. Greeting. lunch in the noon, dress pattern. Characteristics of Folkways

37. Folkways, t so internalized (fully assimilated) they become personal habits. They save our energy and time, solve the social problems and strive t0wards achieving the targets or goals. It meets felt needs of the individuals, thereby tension, stress, and strain over the society is reduced., It helps us to handle the situations, to maintain social relations and makes the individual to live in a comfortable manner. Folkways Constitute social structure. It provides predictability to both of Our behavior and that of them. It informally controls the behavior of the individuals. Importance of Folkways

38. MORES

39. The standards of behavior which influences the moral conduct of people conformity to mass is called as, 'mores. It is more vital (security) of society than folk ways, e.g.: eating with right hand, prescribed accepted behavior patterns. The word mores was a Latin word and ancient Romans means 'more as a respected and sacred customs. the term mores was introduced in sociological context by summer. The folkways, which are considered by the group to be essential for its welfare and existence are called as mores; certified mores are called 'laws',

40. When the folkways have added to group welfare and high standards, that are converted into mores -RN MacIver and CH page Customs and group routines, which are thought by the societal members to be necessary to the group’s continued existence - Gillin and Gillin Customs, which can note fairly strong feeling of the rightness or wrongness of mode of behavior - Edward Sapir Definition

41. Types Of Mores

42. Positive Mores It prescribes behaviour patterns. They provide instruction and guidance for the people to behave in a particular manner, e-g: Giving respect to elders, protecting children; care of diseased and aged, doing correct things, speaking truth. Types Of Mores

43. Negative Mores/Taboos It prescribes, which they should not exhibit through behavior taboos prohibits certain behavior patterns, e.g. Instructions like not to have anti-social behavior. Types Of Mores

44. They regulate the social behavior: It dictates the right attitudes and shapes the personality ot the individual. They are compulsive and everybody should follow it and if anybody violates, they will be punished. Relatively persistent: Mores are long lasting, conservative in nature. Varied from group to group: one group prohibit one kind of more, others may accept or practice it, e g: Some follows monogamy, others accept polygamy. Mores are backed by values and religion: Religious sanction, values are shared by mores. Characteristics of Mores

45. Determines individual behaviour Moulds personality or individual and character formation Restrains our tendencies Powerful means of social control Identifies the individual with the group and maintains social relationship; essential f or satisfactory living Preserves social solidarity (unity) Helpful for training the social laws which will govern our Social relations. Social Importance of Mores

46. Differences between folkways and mores

47. FOLKWAYS MORES Simple in nature Wider and general in character Maintains good relationship and comfortable means in solving social problems Value judgment about the folkways May have chances to disobey; rewards will be given if people adapt folkways but isolation may not be punished Profound conviction violation of the t mores brings the individuals for wider chances of disapproval and punishment Folkways are subject to change, varied from society to society Compulsive, persistent, regulative, rigid and effective influencing factors over the individuals behavior Maintains social relationship, bondage developed when it is followed Moulds the personality, restricts the tendencies of individuals All folkways may not be equally important, if the folkways are added to the group welfare, transferred to mores Promotes right living, group welfare Less deeply rooted in society and change more rapidly Less dominant over individual's life Deeply rooted, less frequently Subject for change More stable, dominant Differences between folkways and mores

48. Sociology for nurses – Dr. K.P.POTHEN B ibliography

49. T hank you