Sociology_Presentation_Detailed.pptx too

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that prepare individuals for personal and social development.
It empowers people to think critically, make informed decisions, and contribute to society.
Education is delivered through formal (schools), non-formal (training), and informal (life experiences) methods.
It is a foundation for progress, innovation, and equality in any nation.

Key Idea:
Education = Learning for life + Growth of individual + Development of society.

1. Introduction to Sociology Sociology is a social science studying human society and group life. It originates from the Latin word "Socious" (companion/group) and the Greek word "Logus" (study). Sociology is defined as the scientific study of social relations and human societies. Ibn-e-Khaldoon (1332-1406), the early father of sociology, called it "Imraniyat" – the study of human population. August Comte (1798-1857) coined the term "Sociology" and is known as the modern father of sociology. Example: When we observe how students behave in a classroom or how families celebrate Eid together, we are studying society in a sociological way.

2. Definitions of Sociology W.G Sumner: Sociology is the science of society. Max Weber: Sociology is the study of social action. Durkheim: Sociology studies social institutions. Other definitions emphasize order, social phenomena, collective behavior, and structures in society. Conclusion: Sociology is the scientific study of society and social behavior. Example: When we study how people vote in elections, or how cultural festivals bring communities together, we are applying these definitions of sociology.

3. Scope of Sociology (Overview) Sociology’s scope is broad and relevant in everyday life. It studies social behavior, institutions, welfare, planning, and development. Example: From traffic rules in cities to traditions in rural weddings, sociology helps us understand why people follow certain norms and how these norms maintain order in society.

4. Scope of Sociology in Education and Welfare Sociology is taught from Intermediate to PhD levels across Pakistan universities. Sociologists contribute in social welfare roles tackling poverty, illiteracy, drug addiction, unemployment, etc. Government welfare schemes involve sociologists to improve society. Example: When the government introduces free education programs or BISP (Benazir Income Support Program), sociologists study their effects on families and communities.

5. Role in Rehabilitation and Health Sociologists work as Parole and Probation Officers to rehabilitate criminals. In health, medical sociology educates public on diseases and helps in hospital social work. They support drug and blood banks and health awareness campaigns. Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, sociologists helped design awareness campaigns so people could understand why wearing masks and social distancing were necessary.

6. Sociology in Industry, Agriculture, and Administration Industrial sociology promotes peaceful labor relations and economic growth. Rural sociology aids agricultural development via farmer awareness of modern techniques. Sociologists serve as effective administrators, managing social policies and welfare programs. Example: In factories, sociologists may help solve disputes between workers and management. In villages, they may teach farmers about modern irrigation or crop rotation.

7. Campaigns and Planning Sociologists play key roles in disease campaigns (e.g., vaccination, dengue awareness). They help in planning and development by predicting social trends (population, resources). Work in government planning agencies and NGOs for policy formulation and project success. Example: Polio eradication campaigns in Pakistan are supported by sociologists who study why some families resist vaccination and how to change their behavior.

8. Research in Sociology Sociology is research-oriented, preparing initial survey "benchmark" reports for projects. Surveys improve chances of developmental project success by understanding socioeconomic contexts. Sociologists work in ministries and research centers including health, labor, education, and welfare. Example: Before starting a new housing scheme, sociologists conduct surveys to know whether people can afford it and whether it meets their cultural needs.

9. Sociology and NGOs Sociologists work closely with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to implement social welfare projects. NGOs depend on sociological research to understand community needs and design effective interventions. Collaboration with NGOs helps address social issues like poverty, education, health, and rural development. Example: NGOs such as Edhi Foundation or Akhuwat Foundation use sociological insights to reach poor families, provide education to street children, and create micro-loan schemes.