Soil and its types. Physicochemical pptx

Hi I am Zakir Hussain
Master In Environmental Science
University Of Ladakh
Kargil Campus
This ppt is very easy to understood and Thank you For Read and download for study purpose .

1. Soil is top layer of the Earth's crust, composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. Its role in supporting plant growth. As a modifier of earth’s atmosphere. As a habitats for organisms. ZAKIR HUSSAIN MSC ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE KARGIL CAMPUS UNIVERSITY OF LADAKH

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL Soil Texture Soil structure Soil Density Soil Porosity Soil Consistence Soil Colour

3. 1.Soil Texture Soil texture refers the size of mineral particles in the soil. There are three main types of soil; sand (large particle), silt (medium particles), and clay (small particles). And containing equal amounts of sand, silt and clay is called loam”.

4. SOIL STRUCTURE Soil structure relates how particles are arranged and clump together. Good soil structure allows for root penetration and water infiltration. Poor structure can be lead to compaction and reduced plant growth.

5. SOIL DENSITY Its refer to how tightly packed or compacted soil particles are within a given volume of soil. Its is typically measured in grams per cubic centimeter(g/cm3) or kilogram per cubic meter(kg/m3). Soil density can vary greatly depending on factors such as soil type, moisture content and compaction. Usually, in normal soils, the particle density is 2.65 g/cm3 or 2650/m3

6. SOIL POROSITY Soil porosity refers to the open spaces or pores bewen soil particles. Porous soil allows for air and water movement. Compacted soil has reduced porosity and poor drainage. Sand have larger pores, but less pores in clay soil Sandy soils have smaller porosity values (0.25- 0.4) as compared to silt (0.35- 0.5) and clayey soils (0.4- 0.7)

7. SOIL CONSISTENCE Soil consistency is the strength with which soil materials are held together or the resistance of soil to deformation and rapture. Soil consistence is a dynamic physical property of soils, which varies with variation of soil moisture and applied stress . Soil consistency depends on the texture , nature and amount of inorganic and organic colloids structure and moisture content etc.

8. SOIL COLOUR Soil colour varies based on its composition. Its can range from dark brown to red, yellow, or even white. Colour indicate the presence of organic matter and minerals.

9. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL Soil pH Nutrients contents Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Organic matter

10. Soil pH Its measure soil acidity or alkalinity. Acidic soils (below 7 ), neutral soils (7) and alkaline soils (above 7) Its affects nutrients availability for plants.

11. Nutrients Contents Soil contain essential nutrients for plants growth. Macro Nutrients; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) these are essential in large quantities for plant growths. Micro Nutrients; iron(Fe), zinc(Zn), and manganese(Mn). Adequate nutrients levels are crucial for healthy plants.

12. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Cation- exchange capacity is a measure of how many cations can be retained on the surface of a soil particle. Negative charges on the surface of soil particles bind positively- charged molecules, but allow these to exchange with other positively charged molecules in the surrounding soil water. Some examples of cations are K+, Ca2+, Mg2+.

13. Cation exchange is the process by which cations are exchanged between the soil particles and the plant roots. This exchange occurs due to the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and the negatively charged clay and organic matter in the soil. Cation exchange capacity is a measure of the soil's ability to retain and exchange positively charged ions, known as cations, with the soil solution. CEC is usually expressed in units of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil (meq/100g)

14. Soil particles, such as clay minerals and organic matter, possess negatively charged sites on their surfaces. Cations in the soil solution, including calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+), are attracted to the negatively charged sites on the soil particles. Cations can displace other cations that were previously adsorbed onto the charged sites, depending on their relative affinities

15. Organic Matter Organic matter in soil comes from decaying plants and animals. Its improves soil structure, water retention and nutrient availability. Organic matter help prevents the soil erosion. Organic matter id important for healthy plants and a healthy environment.