SPECIAL EDUCATION LEARNING , TEACHING , ASSESSMENT

METHODS OF TEACHING TO CHILDREN WITH LEARNING PROBLEM

1. UNIT : 2 2.3 METHODS OF TEACHING TO CHILDREN WITH LEARNING PROBLEM R.SUVEETHA B.ED (ID)

2. TEACHING METHOD : A teaching method is the strategy, approach, or technique a teacher uses to deliver lessons and help students learn effectively. It includes how a teacher presents information, engages students, and assesses learning . Different teaching methods are used based on: ✅ The age and ability of students. ✅ The subject being taught. ✅ Learning difficulties or special needs of students. ✅ The goals of education (e.g., memorization vs. problem-solving

3. WHY WE SHOULD USE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEACHING METHODS FOR CHILDREN WITH LEARNING PROBLEM ? Children with learning difficulties have unique needs, and a one-size-fits-all teaching approach does not work for them. Using different methods helps in the following ways 1. Every Child Learns Differently .Children with learning problems process information in different ways: .Some learn best by seeing (visual learners). .Some learn by hearing (auditory learners). .Some need movement and touch ( kinesthetic / tactile learners). Example: A child with dyslexia may struggle with reading text but can understand better through listening to audiobooks or using multi-sensory techniques like VAKT (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic , Tactile).

4. 2. Supports Individual Strengths and Weaknesses Different teaching methods adapt to a child’s strengths while supporting their challenges. . A child with dyslexia may benefit from the Orton-Gillingham method (phonics-based). . A child with ADHD may do better with Montessori (hands-on learning, independent pacing). . A child with autism may need ABA therapy (behavio u r reinforcement and communication strategies). Example: A child with attention difficulties may struggle in a lecture-style classroom but can stay engaged through Play-Way (learning through games and activities). 3. Increases Engagement and Motivation . Traditional teaching (textbooks, memorization) can be boring and ineffective for children with learning difficulties. . Using games, role-playing, technology, and hands-on activities makes learning fun and interactive. Example: Instead of forcing a child with ADHD to write math problems, let them learn counting with physical objects like beads or blocks.

5. 4. Helps with Memory and Retention Children with learning problems often forget concepts easily. Using multiple approaches reinforces learning and helps them retain information longer. Example: A child learning new words: . Visual: Sees a picture of the word. . Auditory: Hears the pronunciation. . Kinesthetic : Traces the letters with their fingers. . Tactile: Writes the word in sand or clay . 5. Improves Confidence and Reduces Frustration . Struggling in a traditional classroom can make children feel stupid or left behind. . Alternative teaching methods help them experience small successes, boosting self-esteem. Example: Instead of making a dyslexic child read aloud in class (which might embarrass them), allow them to listen to an audiobook and discuss the story verbally.

6. 6. Encourages Independence and Critical Thinking . Methods like Montessori and Project-Based Learning allow children to explore and learn at their own pace. . This helps them develop problem-solving skills and confidence in learning independently. Example: Instead of directly teaching science concepts, allow children to experiment and discover answers through hands-on activities. 7. Prepares Them for Real-Life Challenges .Teaching through role-play, life skills training, and problem-solving activities prepares children for real-world situations. .Methods like Play-Way and Floor Time help improve social and communication skills. Example: A child with autism may struggle with social interaction, but learning through role-play (ordering food at a pretend restaurant) can help them practice communication in a safe way.  

7. Here are more specialized teaching methods for children with learning difficulties, along with their descriptions, focus areas, and examples .

8. 1. VAKT Method (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile) VAKT is a multi-sensory approach that engages different senses to help children learn better. V – Visual (seeing) A – Auditory (hearing) K – Kinesthetic (movement) T – Tactile (touch) How it works: Children see the letters/words (visual), say them out loud (auditory), trace or write them (kinesthetic/tactile). Used for children with dyslexia, reading difficulties, and memory issues. Example: A child learning the letter "B" will look at it, hear the sound, trace it in the air, and write it with their fingers in sand.

9. 2. Montessori Method : Developed by Maria Montessori, this method focuses on self-directed learning, hands-on activities, and individualized instruction. Encourages learning at a child’s own pace. Uses specially designed materials (e.g., sandpaper letters, counting beads). Promotes independent learning, problem-solving, and exploration. How it works: Children choose activities based on their interests. Teachers act as guides rather than traditional instructors. Learning happens in a prepared environment with structured activities. Best for children who need individualized attention and hands-on learning.

10. 3. Orton-Gillingham Method : A structured, multi-sensory approach specifically designed for children with dyslexia and reading difficulties. Focuses on phonics, decoding words, spelling, and comprehension. Uses step-by-step instruction with repetition. Involves listening, speaking, reading, and writing in a structured way. How it works: A child learns to read words by breaking them into sounds and spelling patterns. Uses flashcards, letter tiles, finger tracing, and repetition. Example: Teaching the word "cat" by showing it (visual), saying the sounds "c-a-t" (auditory), tracing the letters (tactile), and writing it (kinesthetic).

11. 4.Play-Way Method : A child-centered approach that uses play as the primary way of learning. Encourages learning through fun activities like role-playing, storytelling, games, and crafts. Helps develop social, emotional, and cognitive skills . Focuses on practical learning rather than rote memorization . How it works: Learning is done through games, experiments, and real-life experiences . Example: Instead of just teaching numbers, children play counting games with toys. Effective for young children and those with attention difficulties (e.g., ADHD).

12. Some other methods. Waldorf Method A holistic approach integrating arts, music, movement, and storytelling. Best for: Children with emotional and learning difficulties, ADHD, autism. Examples: . Learning math through rhythmic clapping and music. . Practicing language by drawing and storytelling. . Encouraging handcrafts like knitting or clay modeling for fine motor skills.

13. Floor Time (DIR Model - Developmental, Individual-Difference, Relationship-Based) Focuses on emotional connection and learning through interaction. Best for: Autism, social and communication difficulties. Examples: .Playing pretend games to improve social skills. . Using sensory play (water, sand, soft toys) for engagement. . Following the child ’ s interests to teach new concepts naturally.

14. Direct Instruction (DI) Method A highly structured, step-by-step method that teaches in small, controlled increments. Best for: Children with ADHD, learning disabilities, language processing issues. Examples: . Teaching reading using scripted phonics programs. . Using flashcards and repetitive drills for memorization. . Breaking down complex math problems into simple steps

15. Multisensory Structured Language (MSL) Approach Similar to Orton-Gillingham, it teaches reading, spelling, and writing using multiple senses. Best for: Dyslexia, language processing disorders. Examples: . Writing words in shaving cream or sand. . Reading while tapping fingers on a desk for each syllable. . Using coloured overlays or large print text to help with visual processing

16. Behavioural Approach (ABA – Applied Behaviour Analysis) Uses reinforcement techniques to improve focus, communication, and behaviour. Best for: Autism, ADHD, behavioural challenges. Examples: . Rewarding a child with a sticker for finishing homework. . Teaching communication through visual schedules and picture exchange. . Using clear, structured rules and repetition.

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