srotas in detail.pptx ayurvedic explnantion with modern correlation

sroats in ayurveda are the channels,

1. प्राणवह स्त्रोतस

2. प्राणवह स्त्रोतस तत्र प्राणवहानां स्रोतसां हृदयं मूलं महास्रोतसश्च...। (च.वि. ५/७) मूल- आचार्य चरक के अनुसार प्राणवह स्रोतों के मूल हृदय और महास्रोत हैं I तत्र प्राणवहे द्वे, तयोमूलं हृदयं रसवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः...। (सु.शा. ९/१२ ) आचार्य सुश्रुत ने हृदय और रसवाही धमनियों को प्राणवह स्रोतस का मूल माना है।

3. Pranvaha strotas is composed of:- Heart and Lungs Air carrying Tracheo -bronchial tree Blood vessels

4. दुष्टि के कारण क्षयात् संधारणाद्रौक्ष्याद् व्यायामात् क्षुधितस्य च । प्राणवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति स्रोतांस्यन्यैश्च दारुणे ।। च. वि. 5/10 प्राणवह स्रोतों दुष्टि के हेतु - धातुक्षय से; वेगों को धारण करने से; रुक्ष वस्तुओं का सेवन करने से; क्षुधा लगने पर भी व्यायाम करने से तथा अन्यं सामर्थ्य से अधिक परिश्रम वाले कार्य करने से प्राणवह स्रोतों की दुष्टि उत्पन्न हो सकती है।

5. Etiological factors:- Factors leading to emaciation Suppression of natural urges Factors causing dryness Excessive exercise Hunger ( starvation)

6. दुष्टि के लक्षण ( आचार्य चरक के अनुसार ) अतिसृष्टमतिबद्धं कुपितमल्पाल्पमभीक्ष्णम् वा सशब्द शुलमुच्छवसन्तं दृष्ट्वा प्राणवहान्यस्य स्त्रोतासि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्। च. वि. 5/7 प्राणवह स्त्रोतोदुष्टि के लक्षण - आचार्य चरक के अनुसार प्राणवह स्रोतों के दुष्ट होने पर निम्न लक्षणों की उत्पत्ति हो सकती है- १. दीर्घ श्वास लेना; २. श्वास की गति में वृद्धि होना; ३. रुक-रुककर श्वास आना; ४. शब्द के साथ तथा शूल करते हुए श्वास आना आदि श्वासजन्य विकृतियाँ उत्पन्न हो सकती हैं।

7. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण ( आचार्य सुश्रुत अनुसार ) तत्र विद्धस्याक्रोशनविनमन मोहन भ्रमण वेपनानि मरणम् वा भवति I सु. शा.- 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत ने प्राणवह स्रोतों के विद्ध होने पर – १. क्रोशन (आक्रोश); २. विनमन (शरीर का आगे को झुक जाना); ३. मोहन (मूर्च्छा); ४. भ्रमण (चक्कर आना); ५. वेपन तथा ६. मरण (मृत्यु) आदि विकृतियाँ उत्पन्न होने की सम्भावना व्यक्त की है।

8. चिकित्सा प्राणोवहानाम् दुष्टानाम् श्वासिकी क्रिया || च. वि.- 5/26 इसकी चिकित्सा श्वास रोग के समान करनी चाहिए I व्याधियां श्वास, कास, हिक्का, राजयक्ष्मा, क्षतक्षीण,शोष, हृदयरोग, स्वरभेद, हृच्छुल, हृदयाभिघात, पार्श्वशूल

9. Etiology in Contemporary Science In Contemporary science, when investigating the etiology of Pranvah Srotas , a wide range of factors are considered, depending on the specific condition. These factors may include: Dietary Factors: Ayurveda often attributes imbalances to dietary choices. For Pranvah srotas dushti , consuming foods that are not suitable for one's constitution (Prakriti) or eating inappropriately can be a causative factor. This might include eating foods that are too heavy or too light for one's constitution.

10. Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle choices, including sleep patterns, daily routines, and exercise, can contribute to the imbalance of Pranvah srotas . Irregular sleep or excessive physical or mental exertion without proper balance may be considered causative factors. Emotional Factors: Ayurveda recognizes the connection between emotions and physical health. Stress, emotional disturbances, and negative thought patterns can contribute to the imbalance of Pranvah srotas .

11. Environmental Factors : Exposure to extreme environmental conditions, such as extreme heat or cold, pollution, or seasonal changes, can also influence the balance of Pranvah srotas .

12. These factors may lead to various conditions like :- Atherosclerosis Hypertension Low immunity Hypersensitivity Various types of Metaplastic and dysplastic changes in mucosa. These conditions further lead to various disorders related to heart and lungs like myocardial infraction, cardiac arrest, COPD, Bronchial Asthama , Carcinoma etc.

13. Dosh Kopa The features and manifestations of "Dosh Kopa" in " Pranvah srotas " can vary depending on which dosha is primarily involved. Here are some of the features associated with the aggravation of each dosha within the " Pranvah srotas ": Vata Dosh Kopa in Pranvah Srotas : Restlessness. Sankocha (Constriction in RT and Blood vessels) Irregular breathing patterns Irregilar heart rate Stambha (Stiffness in Thorax) Shosha (Emaciation) Vyasa ( Dilatation of vessels in components of RT)

14. Different kind of pain like bheda (Tearing pain), toda (Pricking pain) and shool Rukshta (Dryness ), Kharta ( Roughness) in the respiratory passages Sanga (stasis of sputum in RT and Blood in vessels) Sada (Fatigue). Arunabhta ( Discoloration dur to respiratory and cardiac disorders)

15. Pitta Dosh Kopa in Pranvah Srotas : Aushnya ( Increased body heat ) Paka ( Inflammation in the respiratory passages Daha (Sensation of heat or burning in the chest or throat) Kleda / Kotha (Necrosis in lungs) Strav ( Excessive scretions ) Increased metabolic rate Increased thirst Sweda as seen in Myocardial infraction.

16. Kapha Dosh Kopa in Pranvah Srotas : Gaurav (Heaviness and congestion in the chest) Kandu (Itching in RT) Shwetya ( Pale) Sneha/ Paichhilya (Excessive mucus production in the respiratory passages) Strotorodha ( obstruction in RT and blood vessels) Sthairya (Sluggishness and lethargy) Supti (Excessive sleepiness)

17. उदकवह स्त्रोतस

18. मूल उदकवहानां स्रोतसां तालुमूलं क्लोम च। (च.वि. ५/७) उदकवहे द्वे तर्योमूलं तालुक्लोम च ।  (सु.शा. ९/१२) आचार्य चरक एवं आचार्य सुश्रुत ने उदकवह स्रोतों का मूल तालु एवं क्लोम को बताया है।

19. The root of Udakawaha strotas is Talu (palate) and Kloma ( oesophagus ). As per Acharya chakrapani, collecting site of ambuwaha strotas is urinary bladder.

20. दुष्टि के कारण औष्यादामादायात् पानादतिशुष्कान्नसेवनात् | अम्बुवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति तृष्णायाश्चातिपीडनात् || च. वि. 5/11 उदकवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के हेतु-उदकवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के निम्न प्रमुख हेतु हैं- उष्ण आहार-विहार सेवन; आम दोष; ३. मद्यपान; ४. अति शुष्क अन्न सेवन; ५. तृष्णा के वेग का धारण।

21. Etiological Factors:- Consumption of hot substances Toxic states like infections, Fever Fear/ Panic attack Consumptions of excessive hot liquids Consumption of dry food stuff Supression of thirst.

22. दुष्टि के लक्षण ( आचार्य चरक के अनुसार ) “ जिव्हाताल्वोष्ठ क्लोमशोषम् पिपासाम् चाति प्रवृद्धाम् दुष्टोदकवहान्यस्य स्त्रोतासि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात्। ” च. वि. 5/10 उदकवह स्त्रोतोदुष्टि के लक्षण - आचार्य चरक के अनुसार उदकवह स्रोतस के दुष्ट होने पर निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं१- जिह्वा-तालु-ओष्ठ-कण्ठ-क्लोम- शोष; अत्यधिक प्यास लगना आदि।

23. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण ( आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार ) तत्र विद्धस्य पिपासा सद्योमरणम् च । सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार उदकवह स्रोतों का वेध होने पर निम्न लक्षणों की उत्पत्ति हो सकती है- १. पिपासा (अत्यधिक प्यास लगना); २. सद्योमरण (चिकित्सा ना करने पर जल्दी ही रोगी की मृत्यु हो जाती है)।

24. चिकित्सा उदकवहानां दुष्टानां तृष्णोपशमनीक्रिया । च. वि. 5/26 तृष्णा रोग को शांत करने वाली चिकित्सा का प्रयोग करना चाहिए । व्याधियां अतिसार, तृष्णा, प्रवाहिका, विसूचिका, जलोदर

25. Etiology in contemporary science Here are some potential causes of disturbances in the body's water balance, known as " udakvaha srotas dushti " in Ayurveda: Dehydration : Dehydration occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in. This can result from inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Excessive Fluid Intake: Overhydration, or drinking an excessive amount of water, can lead to an imbalance in electrolytes and water in the body. This is known as water intoxication or hyponatremia.

26. Kidney Disorders: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating water balance and excreting excess water and waste. Conditions like kidney disease or renal failure can disrupt this balance. Diuretics: Certain medications, such as diuretics, increase urine production and can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

27. Hormonal Imbalances: Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) play a significant role in controlling water reabsorption by the kidneys. Hormonal imbalances can result in conditions such as diabetes insipidus, where the body is unable to conserve water properly. Electrolyte Imbalances: Disorders that affect the levels of electrolytes like sodium and potassium in the body can influence water balance. For example, hyponatremia (low sodium) or hypernatremia (high sodium) can impact water distribution in the body.

28. Excessive Sweating: Conditions or activities that cause excessive sweating, such as intense exercise, hot weather, or certain medical conditions like hyperhidrosis, can lead to dehydration. Gastrointestinal Issues: Diarrhea, vomiting, and certain gastrointestinal disorders can lead to fluid loss and dehydration.

29. Infections: Infections with high fevers, particularly when accompanied by sweating and reduced fluid intake, can result in dehydration. Psychological Factors: Psychological conditions that lead to reduced fluid intake, such as anorexia nervosa, can result in dehydration.

30. Heart Failure: In cases of heart failure, the heart may not pump blood effectively, leading to fluid retention (edema) and potential imbalances in fluid distribution. Aging: As individuals age, their sense of thirst may decrease, potentially leading to inadequate fluid intake and a higher risk of dehydration.

31. Dosh Kopa Here are some of the features or signs of dosh kopa (aggravation of doshas) in the Udakavaha Srotas : Vata Dosha Imbalance in Udakavaha Srotas : Features: Dryness, excessive thirst, increase in frequency of urination, restlessness, and potential issues with fluid balance in the body.

32. Pitta Dosha Imbalance in Udakavaha Srotas : Features: Excessive heat, burning sensations, inflammation, dark or strong-smelling urine, and potential dehydration. Kapha Dosha Imbalance in Udakavaha Srotas : Features: Water retention, excessive mucus production, heavy and pale-colored urine, and potential edema or swelling.

33. अन्नवह स्त्रोतस

34. अन्नवह स्त्रोतस अन्नवहानां स्रोतसां आमाशयो मूलं वामं च पार्श्व। (च.वि. ५/७) मूल- आचार्य चरक के अनुसार अन्नवह स्रोतों का मूल वामपार्श्व और आमाशय हैं। अन्नवहे द्वे, तयोर्मूलं आमाशयोऽन्नवाहिन्यश्चधमन्यः। (सु.शा. ९/१२) आचार्य सुश्रुत ने आमाशय और अन्नवह धमनियों को अन्नवह स्रोतों का मूल माना है ।

35. दुष्टि के कारण अतिमात्रस्य चाकाले चाहितस्य च भोजनात्। अन्नवाहिनि दुष्यन्ति वैगुण्यात् पावकस्य च ।। च. वि. 5/12 अन्नवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के कारण - अन्नवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के शास्त्र में वर्णित निम्नलिखित हेतु हैं- अतिमात्रा में भोजन; over eating अकाल में भोजन; untimely eating अहितकर भोजन करना; Unwholesome food that includes all junk and contaminated food, the consumed without following rules explained in Ahaar Vidhi Visheshaayatana . जठराग्नि की विगुणता - Any disturbance or vitiation of koshthaagni aka digestive fire.

36. अनन्नभिलाषणमरोचकविपाकौ छर्दि च दृष्टवा अन्नवहान्यस्य स्त्रोतासि प्रदुष्टानीति विद्यात् || च. वि. 5/7 आचार्य चरक के अनुसार अन्नवह स्रोतोदुष्टि होने पर निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं- १. अन्नाभिलाषा (अन्न खाने की इच्छा न होना); २. अरोचक (खाना रुचिकर न लगना); ३. अविपाक (भोजन का ठीक प्रकार से पाक न होना); ४. छर्दि (वमन होना) इत्यादि। दुष्टि के लक्षण

37. Features according to Contemporary sciences Anorexia Loss of Taste Indigestion Vomiting Abdominal Bloating or distension Diarrhea Constipation Hyperacidity or Heartburn Parasitic and Microbial Infection. Abdominal Pain etc

38. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण तत्र विद्धरस्याध्यमानं शुलोऽन्नद्वेषश्छर्दी: पिपासाऽऽध्यं मरणम् च। सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार अन्नवह स्रोतों में वेध होने पर निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं – १. आध्मान (पेट फूलना); २. शूल; ३. अन्नद्वेष (अन्न खाने की इच्छा न होना); ४. छर्दि; ५. पिपासा; ६. आन्ध्य (अन्धता) तथा ७. मरण (मृत्यु होना) इत्यादि।

39. चिकित्सा अन्नवहानाम् दुष्टानां आम प्रदोषिकी क्रिया| च. वि. 5/25 व्याधियां छर्दि, अम्लपित, अजीर्ण, अरूचि, गुल्म, अग्निमांद्य, अनाह, आध्मान, आटोप, ग्रहणी दोष, भस्मक, अन्नद्रवशूल, परिणामशूल, उदर रोग I

40. Some nidan according to contemporary sciences According to modern science we can correlate it with GI Dysfunction. The possible causes are - 1. Dietary Factors : Unhealthy Diet : Consumption of processed foods, low-fiber diets, and high-fat diets can disturb the digestive process. Overeating or Undereating : Imbalanced food intake can stress the digestive system. Spicy or Irritating Foods : Excessive intake of spicy or irritating substances may cause gastric irritation or hyperacidity.

41. 2. Infections : Bacterial Infections : Pathogens like Helicobacter pylori can lead to conditions such as gastritis or ulcers. Viral Infections : Viruses such as rotavirus can cause diarrhea and other GI disturbances. Parasitic Infections : Parasitic organisms like Giardia or Entamoeba histolytica can affect digestion and nutrient absorption .

42. 3.Stress and Lifestyle Factors : Stress : Psychological stress can lead to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and affect gut motility. Lack of Exercise : Sedentary lifestyle leads to poor digestion and issues like constipation. Poor Sleep Patterns : Inadequate sleep disrupts gut health by affecting hormone balance, leading to digestive issues .

43. 4. Medications and Chemical Exposure : NSAIDs : Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can damage the stomach lining, causing ulcers or gastritis . Alcohol and Smoking : Both can irritate the mucosal lining of the digestive tract and increase acid production . Some medications, particularly opioids and certain antacids, can slow down the digestive process and lead to constipation.

44. 5.Chronic Diseases : Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) : Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus can damage the esophageal lining. Peptic Ulcer Disease : Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum due to acid and pepsin exposure. Liver and Pancreatic Disorders : Diseases of these organs impair digestion and metabolism of nutrients . Hormonal Imbalances : Hormonal fluctuations, such as thyroid disorders, can impact the rate of metabolism and, in turn, affect bowel function .

45. 6.Allergies and Intolerances : Food Allergies : Immune responses to certain foods, like gluten in celiac disease, can damage the gut lining. Lactose Intolerance : Inability to digest lactose leads to symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea .

46. Vata Dosha Imbalance in Anna Vaha Srotas : Features: Irregular and unpredictable appetite, abdominal bloating, Colicky Abdominal Pain Distension Dryness of mouth Vertigo Dizziness Irregular appitite Lateral and lumber stiffness dry or hard stools. Dosha Kopa

47. Pitta Dosha Imbalance in Anna Vaha Srotas : Features: Hyperacidity, Giddiness burning sensation in the stomach or chest, diarrhea , loose stools, inflammation of the digestive tract, increased thirst.

48. Kapha Dosha Imbalance in Anna Vaha Srotas : Features: Slow digestion, Vomiting Anorexia Laziness Fever with chills excessive mucus production, feelings of heaviness after meals, nausea, potential weight gain.

49. रसवह स्त्रोतस

50. रसवह स्त्रोतस रसवहानां स्रोतसां हृदयं मूलं दश च धमन्यः। (च.वि. ५/७) मूल - आचार्य चरक ने हृदय व दशधमनियों को रसवह स्रोतों का मूल माना है। रसवहे द्वे तयोर्मूलं हृदयं रसवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः। (सु.शा. ९/१२) आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार रसवह स्रोतों का मूल हृदय और रसवह धमनियाँ हैं।

51. दुष्टि के कारण गुरुशीतमतिस्निग्धमतिमात्रं समश्नताम्। रसवाहिनि दुष्यन्ति चिन्त्यानां चातिचिन्तनात् । च. वि. 5/12 निम्न कारणों से रसवह स्त्रोतोदुष्टि उत्पन्न हो सकती है- १. अत्यधिक गुरु, शीत एवं स्निग्ध आहार सेवन; २. अधिक मात्रा में भोजन करना; ३. अत्यधिक चिन्तन।

52. The following factors brings vitiation in rasavaha srotas are as follows- 1.Heavy diet 2 .Excessive Oily Diet 3.Excessive Eating 4.Excessive Sleeping 5.Sedentary Lifestyle 6.Intake of heavy & cold substances 7.Consumption of excess food 8.Intake of wholesome and unwholesome food together. 9.Excessive worry.

53. दुष्टि के लक्षण आश्रद्धा चारुचिश्चास्यवैरस्यमरसज्ञता । हृल्लासो गौरवं तन्द्रा साङ्गमर्दो ज्वरस्तमः । पाण्डुत्वं स्रोतसाम् रोध: क्लैब्यं साद कृशाङ्गता ।। नाशो आग्नेरयथाकालं बलय: पलितानि च ।। च. सू. 28/9-10 रसवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के लक्षण - आचार्य चरकानुसार रसवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के कारण निम्नलक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं- १. अश्रद्धा (भोजन करने में इच्छा न होना); २. अरुचि; ३. आस्यवैरस्य (मुख के स्वाद की विरसता); ४. अरसज्ञता (रस का ज्ञान भली प्रकार से न होना); ५. हल्लास (उत्क्लेश); ६. गौरव (शरीर में गुरुता); ७. तन्द्रा;

54. ८. अंगमर्द (अंगों का टूटना); ९. ज्वर; १०. तमः प्रवेश (आंखों के सामने अंधकार छाना); ११. पाण्डुता; १२. स्रोतोरोध; १३. क्लैब्य; १४. अंगसाद (शिथिलता); १५. कृशाङ्गता (अंगों का कृश होना); १६. अग्निमांद्य; १७. असमय ही झुर्रियाँ पड़ना और बालों का सफेद होना।

55. Features Aversion towards food Loss of taste Change of taste Nausea Loss of taste Stiffness in body Bodyache Drowsiness Fainting Fever Pallor Systemic Obstructions- Impotence Easy fatiguability wasting Anorexia Untimely wrinkles Untimely baldness

56. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण तत्र विद्धस्य शोष: प्राणवहविद्धवच्च मरणं च । तत्र विद्धस्याक्रोशन विमनममोहनभ्रमवेपनानिमरण वा भवति । सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार रसवह स्रोतों का वेध होने की स्थिति में निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं- १. शोष; २. प्राणवह स्रोतस के वेध होने के समान लक्षण तथा ३. मृत्यु

57. Srotovidha Lakshan ( Aakorshan ) - Loud crying ( Vinaman ) - Bowing forward (Mohan) - Giddiness ( Bhraman ) - Vertigo ( Vepanani ) - Tremors ( Shosham ) - Emaciation ( Maranam ) - Death

58. चिकित्सा रसजानाम् विकाराणा सर्वलन्घनमौषधम् | च. सू. 28/25 व्याधियां आमवात, मद-मदात्यय, शोथ, पाण्डु, ज्वर

59. Rasvah Srotas and Contemporary Science Rasavaha Srotas are considered as main Srotas since they supply nutrients to all body parts, they also give Poshana to Rasa Dhatu and Rakta Dhatu. Rasvaha srotas perform vital functioning of body related to circulatory process and physiological disturbances to their functioning may leads some pathological manifestation

60. The rasa vaha srotasa originated mainly from hrudaya and connected to all over the body through Dhamanis . These dhamanis circulated rasa all over the body using pumping of hrudaya

61. Etiology in contemporary science Metabolic Disorders : Conditions such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome are characterized by disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. These disorders can result in elevated blood sugar and lipid levels, which can affect the quality of the blood and may be considered analogous to Rasavaha Srotas dushti .

62. Inflammatory Conditions : Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammation can affect the quality and composition of the blood and, in a broad sense, may be related to the concept of dushti .

63. Blood Disorders: Hematological conditions, such as anemia, leukemias, and thrombocytopenia, can impact the quantity and quality of blood components. These disorders can be considered analogous to dushti in the Rasavaha Srotas . Toxicity: Exposures to toxins , pollutants, or harmful substances can have a negative impact on the blood and the body's overall health. This concept shares similarities with the Ayurvedic notion of dushti .

64. Nutritional Imbalances: Poor dietary choices or nutrient deficiencies can affect the composition and quality of the blood. An inadequate diet can lead to issues that may be analogous to Rasavaha Srotas dushti . Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, particularly those that affect blood parameters (e.g., anticoagulants, chemotherapy drugs), can result in changes in the blood that might be considered similar to dushti .

65. Dosh Kopa Here are some of the features or signs of dosha aggravation in the Rasavaha Srotas : Vata Dosha Imbalance in Rasavaha Srotas : Features: Raukshay (Due to depletion of fluids) Saad ( Fatigue or tiredness) Shosha (Emaciation undernourishment) Vairasya ( Loss of Taste) Sankoch (Can lead to Irregular circulation of Fluids)(Poor or erratic flow of Rasa) Supti (Numbness) Khara ( Due to depletion of Fluids due to Dushti of Rasa Dhatu) Kampa (Tremors) Bharaman (vertigo)

66. Pitta Dosha Imbalance in Rasavaha Srotas : Features: Hyperacidity or Gastritis , ( Aushanya )Increased heat and inflammation, (Daah) burning sensations, ( Palita ) Premature graying of hairs yellowish discoloration of bodily fluids, and potential issues with excessive transformation of Rasa Dhatu.

67. Kapha Dosha Imbalance in Rasavaha Srotas : Features: Gauravam ( Heaviness) Chirkarita (Chronicity) Paichhilya ( Slimy) Srotorodha ( Obstuction of Circulatory Channels) Tandra Agnimandya Congestion of Channels Excessive mucus production, Swelling, Pallor, Potential problems with slow or stagnant circulation of Rasa Dhatu.

68. रक्तवह स्त्रोतस

69. शोणितवहानां स्रोतसां यकृन्मूलं प्लीहा च। (च.वि. ५/७) रक्तवहे द्वे, तयोर्मूलं यकृत्प्लीहानौ रक्तवाहिन्यश्व धमन्यः। (सु.शा. ९/१२)

70. दुष्टि के कारण विदाहीन्यन्नपानानि स्निग्धोष्णानि द्रवाणि च। रक्तवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति भजताम् चातपानलौ || च. वि. 5/14 निम्न हेतुओं के निरन्तर सेवन से रक्तवह स्रोतों दुष्टि उत्पन्न हो सकती है- १. विदाही अन्नपान सेवन; २. स्निग्ध, उष्ण तथा द्रव पदार्थों का सेवन; ३. अत्यधिक आतप सेवन; ४. अग्नि का अधिक साहचर्य।

71. The following factors brings vitiation in Raktavaha srotas are as follows:. Intake of substances which induces burning sensation inside the body. Excessive consumption of unctous , hot,watery substances. Excessive exposure to sun and heat

72. दुष्टि के लक्षण कुष्ठवीर्सपपिडकारक्तपित्तमसृग्दर: । गुदमेढास्यपाकश्च प्लीहा गुल्मोऽथ विद्रधिः ।। नीलिका कामला व्यंग: पिप्लवस्तिलकालका: | दद्रुश्चर्मदलं श्वित्रं पामा कोठास्रमण्डलम् । रक्तप्रदोषश्च जायन्ते .... च. सु. 28/11-12 आचार्य चरक के अनुसार रक्तवह स्रोतों के दूषित होने पर निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं- १. कुष्ठ; २. विसर्प; ३. पिड़का; ४. रक्तपित्त; ५. असृग्दर; ६. गुदपाक; ७. मेढ्रपाक; ८. प्लीहारोग; ९. गुल्म;

73. १०. विद्रधि; ११. नीलिका; १२. कामला; १३. व्यङ्गः १४. पिप्लुः १५. तिलकालक; १६. दद्रु; १७. चर्मदल; १८. श्वित्र; १९. पामा; २०. कोठ एवं २१. रक्तमण्डलोत्पत्ति इत्यादि।

74. Etiology Consumption of food leading to acidity Consumption of Oily food and drink Consumption of Hot food and drink Consumption of too much liquids Hot bath Wind bath

75. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण तत्र विद्धस्य श्यावाङ्गता ज्वरोदाह: पाण्डुता शोणितागमनं रक्तनेत्रता । सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत ने रक्तवह स्त्रोतों के विद्ध होने पर निम्न लक्षणों की उत्पत्ति का वर्णन किया है – १. श्यावाङ्गता (अंगों में कालापन); २. ज्वर; ३. दाह; ४. पाण्डुता; ५. अत्यधिक रक्तस्त्राव (शोणितागमनं) एवं ६. रक्तनेत्रता (नेत्रों का रक्त वर्ण का होना) इत्यादि।

76. चिकित्सा कुर्याच्छोणितरोगेषु रक्तपित्तहरीम् क्रियाम्। विरेकमुपवासं च स्रावणं शोणितस्य च।। च. सू. 24/18 व्याधियां - रक्तगत वात, रक्तपित, दाह, कामला, कुम्भ कामला, हलीमक

77. Etiology in Contemporary science Some common etiological factors for blood-related disorders in modern medicine include: Genetics : Many blood disorders are inherited and result from genetic mutations. Examples include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hemophilia. These disorders are caused by specific gene mutations that affect the production or function of blood components.

78. Nutritional Deficiencies : A lack of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid can lead to anemia and other blood-related issues. Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or a decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Infections : Some infections, such as malaria, can affect the blood and lead to conditions like hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) and anemia.

79. Autoimmune Disorders : Autoimmune diseases, like lupus and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages blood cells or c omponents . Medications : Certain medications, like chemotherapy drugs, can affect blood cell production and cause conditions like neutropenia (low white blood cell count) or anemia.

80. Hematological Cancers : Conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma are cancers that originate in the blood and bone marrow. Toxic Exposures : Exposure to toxins, such as lead or radiation, can harm the bone marrow and lead to blood disorders.

81. Chronic Medical Conditions : Chronic conditions like chronic kidney disease can lead to imbalances in electrolytes and hormones, which can impact blood cell production and lead to anemia. Hemostatic Disorders : Conditions that affect blood clotting, such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease, are often caused by genetic mutations affecting clotting factors

82. Atherosclerosis : The buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow . Hypertension : High blood pressure can strain blood vessels over time. Diabetes : Poorly managed diabetes can damage blood vessels. Hyperlipidemia : Elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood can contribute to blood vessel issues. Inflammatory Conditions : Conditions like vasculitis can cause inflammation and damage to blood vessels.

83. Lifestyle Factors : Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress can all contribute to circulatory problems. Infections: Certain infections can affect the blood vessels and lead to circulatory issues. Trauma : Physical injury can damage blood vessels and affect circulation. Blood Disorders : Conditions like hemophilia or clotting disorders can impact blood flow .

84. Dosh Kopa Here are some of the features or signs of dosh kopa (aggravation of doshas) in the Raktavaha Srotas : Vata Dosha Imbalance in Raktavaha Srotas : Features: Dry skin, cold extremities, irregular pulse, pale complexion, tingling sensations, restlessness, Vascular Spasm Poor circulation.

85. Pitta Dosha Imbalance in Raktavaha Srotas : Features: Systemic lupus erythematous, Hemolytic Disorders Liver and Bile Disorders, Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice, Skin Disorders, Autoimmune diseases, Metabolic Acidosis, Heat and Burning Sensations redness, excessive sweating, fever, yellow discoloration of skin or eyes, potential bleeding disorders.

86. Kapha Dosha Imbalance in Raktavaha Srotas : Features: Heaviness in the body, Lymphatic Congestion and edema Atherosclerosis an d Hyperlipidemia Hypercoagubility . Sluggish Circulation and Cold Extremities Cold sensitivity and Hypothermia potential clotting or stagnation of blood.

87. मांसवह स्त्रोतस

88. मूल मांसवहानां च स्रोतसां स्नायुर्मूलं त्वक् च I (च.वि. ५/७) आचार्य चरकानुसार मांसवह स्रोतों का मूल स्नायु एवं त्वचा है मांसवहे द्वे, तयोर्मूलं स्नायुत्वचं रक्तवाहश्चधमन्यः। (सु.शा. ९/१२) आचार्य सुश्रुत ने स्नायु और त्वचा के साथ ही रक्तवह धमनियों को भी मांसवह स्रोतों का मूल माना है।

89. दुष्टि के कारण “ अभिष्यन्दिनि मोज्यानि स्थूलानि च गुरूणि च । मांसवाहीनि दुष्यन्ति भुक्त्वा च स्वपतां दिवा ।। ” च. वि. 5/15 निम्न कारणों के निरन्तर सेवन से मांसवह स्रोतस दुष्ट हो सकते हैं- १. अभिष्यन्दी आहार सेवन; २. स्थूल एवं गुरु आहार सेवन; ३. भोजन करने के तुरन्त बाद दिवास्वप्न।

90. दुष्टि के लक्षण अधिमांसार्बुदम् कीलं गलशालूकशुण्डिके । पूतिमांसालजीगण्डगण्डमालोपजिव्हिका: । विद्यान् मांसाश्रयान ......... ।। च. सू. 28/13-14 आचार्य चरक के अनुसार मांसवह स्रोतों दुष्टि के कारण निम्न लक्षण प्रकट हो सकते हैं- १. अधिमांस; २. अर्बुदः ३. कील; ४. गलशालूकः ५. गलशुण्डिका, ६. पूतिमांस, ७. अलजी, ८. गलगण्ड; ९. गण्डमाला एवं १०. उपजिह्निका इत्यादि।

91. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण तत्र विद्धस्य श्वयथुर्मांसशोष: सिराग्रन्थयो मरणं च । सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुत के अनुसार मांसवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के कारण निम्न लक्षण प्रकट हो सकते हैं१- शोथ; २. मांसशोष, ३. सिराग्रन्थि (गांठे पड़ना) ४. मरण (मृत्यु) इत्यादि।

92. चिकित्सा मांसजानाम् तु संशुद्धि: शस्त्रक्षाराग्निकर्म च । च. सू. 28/26 व्याधियां - गलशालुक, अलजी, गलगंड, गण्डमाला, उपजिव्हिका

93. Etiology of mamsavaha srotas dushti in contemporary science 1. Trauma or Physical Injury ; Physical trauma like fractures, dislocations, or muscle tears can disrupt muscle tissue and its function, analogous to māṁsavaha srotas dushti . 2. Nutritional Deficiency ; Deficiency in essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins (especially Vitamin D and B12), and minerals (like calcium and magnesium) leads to muscle weakness and degeneration. This corresponds to undernourishment of māṁsa dhātu due to improper functioning of the māṁsavaha srotas .

94. 3. Metabolic Disorders : Conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism can result in muscle weakness, wasting, or cramps. These disorders disrupt the metabolism that is necessary for proper muscle growth and repair. 4 . Inflammatory Conditions : Inflammatory diseases like myositis or autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can affect muscle health by causing inflammation and tissue degradation .

95. 5. Toxin Accumulation : In modern terms, this can be likened to metabolic waste accumulation, free radicals, or other toxins that affect muscle health and function. Inflammation due to oxidative stress can also impair muscles. 6 . Infections : Infections such as viral myositis, parasitic infections, or bacterial infections like tuberculosis can directly affect muscle tissues, leading to degeneration or weakness.

96. 7. Neurological Disorders : Diseases such as muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or multiple sclerosis affect the neuromuscular junction or pathways, leading to muscular atrophy and dysfunction. 8. Lifestyle Factors : Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, or excessive physical exertion can lead to muscle atrophy or overuse syndromes. A sedentary lifestyle leads to stagnation in māṁsavaha srotas . Poor posture or incorrect body mechanics may result in musculoskeletal problems.

97. 9 . Aging (Jara) : Age-related sarcopenia (muscle loss due to aging) is another factor contributing to muscle dysfunction, which can be viewed as the progressive dushti of māṁsavaha srotas  over time.

98. DOSHA KOPA Vata Dosha Kopa in Māṁsavaha Srotas Rūkṣatā (Dryness): The muscles become dry and lose their flexibility or elasticity. This leads to a rough texture of the skin and muscle tissue. Tanu Kārśya (Emaciation): Muscle wasting or emaciation occurs due to the catabolic nature of Vata. It leads to weakness, fatigue, and reduced muscle mass.

99. Śūla (Pain ): Pain in the muscles is a prominent feature, often sharp, shooting, or cramping in nature. Asthi -sandhi Vedana (Joint and Bone Pain): Vata may also affect the joints and bones, leading to discomfort or stiffness in the muscles surrounding these areas.

100. Spandana (Twitching or Tremors): Involuntary muscle spasms or twitching may occur due to Vata's mobile and erratic nature. Sankocha (Rigidity/Contracture): The muscles may become stiff or contracted, leading to limited movement.

101. Pitta Dosha Kopa in Māṁsavaha Srotas Dāha (Burning Sensation): Pitta's heat creates a burning sensation in the muscles, commonly observed in inflammation or conditions like myositis. Raga (Redness) : Redness, particularly due to inflammation, is a common feature, signifying Pitta dominance in the muscles.

102. Vidaha (Excessive Heat): Increased body or localized temperature due to inflammatory processes in the muscles is observed. Śotha (Swelling/ Edema ): Pitta can cause inflammatory swelling, leading to muscle swelling or tenderness.

103. Māṁsa Kṣaya (Degeneration of Muscle Tissue): Pitta, in its vitiated state, can cause degeneration or destruction of muscle tissues due to excessive heat and catabolism. Pāka (Suppuration ): In severe Pitta dushti , suppuration or the formation of pus may occur in muscle tissues, often seen in abscesses or infections.

104. Kapha Dosha Kopa in Māṁsavaha Srotas Guruṭva (Heaviness): The muscles feel heavy and lethargic due to the increased density and stagnation of Kapha. Māṁsa Vr̥ddhi (Overgrowth of Muscle Tissue) : An excess of Kapha may lead to abnormal overgrowth or enlargement of muscle tissue, seen in conditions like myomas or lipomas.

105. Śotha (Swelling) : Though swelling can occur in both Pitta and Kapha, Kapha-related swelling tends to be cold, pale, and less inflammatory compared to Pitta-induced swelling. Stambha (Stiffness): Muscular stiffness, slowness, and reduced flexibility are features of Kapha kopa .

106. Śītalatā (Cold Sensation): There may be a feeling of coldness in the muscles, making them sluggish and stiff. Agnimāndya (Weak Digestion ): Weak digestive fire due to Kapha causes improper nourishment of the māṁsa dhātu , leading to an imbalance in muscle tissue production and maintenance.

107. मेदवह स्त्रोतस

108. मूल मेदोवहानां स्रोतसां वृक्कौमूलं वपावहनं च। (च.वि. ५/७) आचार्य चरकानुसार मेदोवह स्त्रोतस के मूल वृक्क और वपावहन है मेदोवहे द्वे, तयोर्मूलं कटी वृक्कौ च।  (सु.शा. ९/१२) आचार्य सुश्रुत ने कटि और वृक्क को मेदोवह स्रोतस का मूल माना है।

109. दुष्टि के कारण अव्यायामदिवास्वप्नान्मेद्यानां चातिभक्षणात्। मेदोवाहीदिनि दुष्यन्ति वारुण्याश्चातिसेवनात् || च. वि. 5/16 आचार्यों ने मेदोवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के निम्न कारण वर्णित किए हैं- व्यायाम न करना; २. दिवास्वप्न; ३. अधिक मेदुर द्रव्यों का सेवन एवं ४. अधिक मात्रा में वारुणी का सेवन इत्यादि।

110. दुष्टि के कारण मेद: संश्रयास्तु | प्रचक्ष्महे निन्दितानि प्रमेहाणाम् पूर्वरूपाणि यानि च ।। च. सू. 28/15 मेदोवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के लक्षण – आचार्य चरक ने मेदोवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के निम्न लक्षण वर्णित किए हैं- १. अष्टनिन्दित रोग- अतिदीर्घ, अतिह्रस्व, अतिलोमा, अलोमा, अतिकृष्ण, अतिगौर, अतिस्थूल एवं अतिकृश।

111. प्रमेह पूर्वरूप- त्रयस्तु खलु दोषाः प्रकुपिताः प्रमेहानभिनिर्वर्तयिष्यन्त इमानि पूर्वरूपाणि दर्शयन्ति; तद्यथा-जटिलीभावं केशेषु, माधुर्यमास्य, करपादयो: सुप्तादाहौ, मुखतालुकण्ठशोषम् पिपासाम्, आलस्यं, मलकाये, कायच्छिद्रेषुपदेहं, परिदाहं सुप्त्ताम् चाङ्गेषु, षट्पदपिपीलिकाभिश्च शरीरमूत्राभिसरणं, मूत्रे च मूत्रदोषान्, विस्रं शरीरगन्धं, निद्रां, तन्द्रां च सर्वकालमिति ॥ च. नि. 4/47 २. प्रमेह के पूर्वरूप- बालों में जटाओं का बनना, मुख में मीठापन, हाथों- पैरों में सुप्तता तथा दाह, मुख-तालु-कण्ठ का सूखना, अत्यधिक प्यास लगना, आलस्य, शरीर में मलों की अधिकता, अंगों में दाह और सुप्तता, शरीर और मूत्र पर चीटियों तथा मक्खियों का बैठना, मूत्र दोषयुक्त होना, शरीर विस्स्रगन्धि होना, हर समय नींद आना और तन्द्रा इत्यादि।

112. स्त्रोतोविद्ध के लक्षण तत्र विद्धस्य स्वेदागमनं स्निग्धङ्गता तालुशोष: स्थूलता शोफ: पिपासा च | सु. शा. 9/12 आचार्य सुश्रुतानुसार मेदोवह स्रोतोदुष्टि के कारण निम्न लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं १. अत्यधिक स्वेद प्रवृत्तिः २. तालुशोष; ३. पिपासा; ४. अंगों में स्निग्धता; ५. स्थूल शोफ।

113. चिकित्सा वातघ्नान्यन्नपानानि श्लेष्ममेदोहराणि च । रूक्षोष्ण बस्तयस्तीक्षणा रूक्षाण्युद्वर्तनानि च। च. सू. 21/21,22 व्याधियां - प्रमेह, मेदोरोग

114. Etiology of medovaha srotas dushti in contemporary science 1. Dietary Factors High-Calorie Diet : Overconsumption of calorie-dense foods, particularly those rich in saturated fats, sugars, and processed carbohydrates, leads to excess fat accumulation (obesity). This is akin to medovaha srotas dushti , where fat metabolism is impaired . Junk Food and Processed Foods : A diet high in processed and junk foods contributes to metabolic syndrome and imbalances in fat metabolism, which disrupts the medovaha srotas .

115. Lack of Fiber : A low-fiber diet impacts digestion and fat metabolism, leading to improper utilization of meda dhātu . 2 Sedentary Lifestyle Lack of Physical Activity : A sedentary lifestyle results in decreased energy expenditure, causing fat accumulation in the body, leading to obesity and metabolic disorders. This correlates with medovaha srotorodha (obstruction of the fat-carrying channels). Reduced Muscle Mass : Lack of exercise reduces muscle mass and increases fat storage, causing an imbalance in meda dhātu .

116. 3 Genetic Factors Genetic Predisposition to Obesity : Certain genetic factors make individuals more prone to fat accumulation and storage, leading to conditions like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance, which can be considered forms of medovaha srotas dushti . Familial Hyperlipidemia : Genetic disorders that affect lipid metabolism, such as hyperlipidemia, can lead to an excess of fat in the bloodstream, damaging blood vessels and tissues.

117. 4. Hormonal Imbalances Hypothyroidism : Low thyroid hormone levels slow down metabolism, leading to weight gain and fat accumulation, directly affecting the medovaha srotas . Insulin Resistance and Diabetes : Insulin resistance is a major factor in metabolic syndrome, causing improper glucose and fat metabolism, leading to obesity, fat storage, and lipid imbalances. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): In women, hormonal imbalances such as in PCOS contribute to fat accumulation, especially around the abdomen.

118. .5 Stress and Psychological Factors Stress and Cortisol : Chronic stress increases the secretion of cortisol, which promotes fat storage, particularly visceral fat (around the abdomen). This disrupts the proper functioning of the medovaha srotas . Emotional Eating : Stress, anxiety, or depression can lead to overeating, particularly of high-calorie comfort foods, contributing to medovaha srotas dushti .

119. 6. Toxin Accumulation Toxins and Metabolic Waste : Accumulation of metabolic waste (analogous to ama in Ayurveda) due to improper digestion and metabolism disrupts fat metabolism, leading to obesity, fatty liver, and metabolic syndrome. Environmental Toxins : Exposure to environmental toxins, such as endocrine disruptors (chemicals that interfere with hormone balance), can lead to weight gain and metabolic disturbances.

120. 7 . Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Chronic Inflammation : Inflammatory markers, such as those found in obesity and metabolic syndrome, cause fat tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. This chronic low-grade inflammation correlates with the dushti of medovaha srotas . Oxidative Stress : Oxidative damage to cells, often due to poor diet and lifestyle choices, can impair fat tissue function and metabolism, leading to conditions like obesity and diabetes.

121. Sleep Disturbances Poor Sleep Quality : Lack of sleep or irregular sleep patterns can lead to hormonal imbalances, such as increased ghrelin (hunger hormone) and decreased leptin (satiety hormone), contributing to fat accumulation and obesity.

122. Age-Related Metabolic Changes Aging : As individuals age, their metabolic rate slows down, leading to a natural decrease in fat metabolism and increased fat accumulation, especially around the abdomen. This aligns with age-related medovaha srotas dushti .

123. Alcohol and Substance Abuse Alcohol Consumption : Excessive alcohol intake leads to fatty liver and impaired fat metabolism, contributing to obesity, liver disorders, and cardiovascular issues. Substance Abuse : Certain drugs can affect metabolic processes, disrupting fat metabolism and contributing to obesity or fat depletion.

124. 11. Diseases Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): This condition, caused by excess fat accumulation in the liver, is a direct result of meda dhātu imbalance and improper functioning of the medovaha srotas . Cardiovascular Disease : Obesity and lipid disorders (like hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) can lead to cardiovascular diseases, as the medovaha srotas are directly involved in fat transport and metabolism.

125. DOSHA KOPA 1. Vata Dosha Kopa in Medovaha Srotas Karśya (Emaciation): Vata imbalance leads to the depletion of meda dhātu , causing significant fat loss and overall emaciation or leanness, despite sufficient nutrition. Sphoṭana (Cracking or Fissures): The skin and fat tissues may become dry and prone to cracking or fissures, signifying lack of lubrication and nourishment.

126. Rūkṣatā (Dryness): There is general dryness in the body, as Vata disrupts the lubricating and moistening qualities of meda dhātu . Atipravṛtti (Excessive Movement): Vata’s mobile nature causes excessive movement of fat-related metabolism, leading to unsteady or irregular fat distribution and metabolic functions. Medo-harṣa (Atrophy of Fat Tissue): Vata dosha, in its catabolic nature, can lead to the atrophy or reduction of adipose tissue, causing fatigue and weakness.

127. Related Conditions in Modern Science: Wasting disorders, such as cachexia, and conditions involving the breakdown of fat tissue due to excessive catabolism Lipodystrophy, where there is abnormal or degenerative conditions of adipose tissue.

128. 2. Pitta Dosha Kopa in Medovaha Srotas Dāha (Burning Sensation): A strong burning sensation may be felt in the body or tissues due to Pitta’s heat, especially around the fatty regions of the body. Meda Pāka (Suppuration of Fat ): Pitta can cause suppuration (inflammatory breakdown) of fat tissues, potentially leading to conditions like abscesses or lipomas with inflammatory features.

129. Kṣaya (Depletion due to Inflammation): Excess heat can cause the meda dhātu to break down prematurely, leading to depletion of fat reserves despite increased metabolic activity. Meda- snāyu Daurbalya (Weakening of Ligaments and Tendons): The ligaments and tendons, supported by fat tissue, become weak due to the excessive depletion of meda by Pitta's heat. Excessive Thirst and Hunger : Due to increased metabolic activity, there is an enhanced demand for nourishment, which can lead to excessive thirst and hunger, further contributing to imbalances in fat metabolism.

130. Related Conditions in Modern Science : Fatty liver disease associated with inflammation (steatohepatitis). Obesity with systemic inflammation, such as in metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Lipid disorders where excess Pitta leads to abnormal fat metabolism, causing elevated cholesterol or triglycerides.

131. 3. Kapha Dosha Kopa in Medovaha Srotas Sthūlatā (Obesity): Excess Kapha leads to excessive accumulation of meda dhātu , resulting in obesity or overweight conditions, where fat deposition exceeds normal levels. Guruṭva (Heaviness): A feeling of heaviness in the body is due to excess accumulation of fat tissue, which Kapha controls.

132. Staimitya (Stiffness and Sluggishness ): The body becomes sluggish and stiff, particularly in movement, due to the heavy and cold nature of Kapha, which causes meda dhātu to become stagnant. Srotorodha (Blockage of Channels): The medovaha srotas may become obstructed due to excess fat accumulation, leading to metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis (blockage of blood vessels due to fat).

133. Śvasa (Breathlessness): Kapha's heavy and obstructive qualities can cause issues like breathlessness or dyspnea , often seen in obesity and associated respiratory issues. Śotha (Swelling or Edema ) : Kapha can cause fluid retention and swelling in fatty tissues, leading to conditions like edema , especially in obese individuals.

134. Related Conditions in Modern Science : Obesity and its related complications, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis due to excess lipid accumulation in the blood vessels. Lymphatic stagnation and swelling due to the accumulation of excess body fat.