SsssssssssssssssSCIENCE Q3M4 SOUND WAVES.pptx

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1. PHYSICS – Sound Waves

2. After a series of learning experiences, you should be able to: 1. identify the characteristics of sound using the concept of wavelength, velocity, and amplitude; and 2. describe the characteristics of sound. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. Sound What is sound?

4. Sound What is sound? Sound is a series of waves (sound waves) caused by vibrations.

5. Sound What is sound? Sound is a series of waves (sound waves) caused by vibrations. When a drum is struck, the skin vibrates backwards and forwards very quickly, sending sound waves through the air to your ears .

6. Sound What is sound? Sound is a series of waves (sound waves) caused by vibrations. When a drum is struck, the skin vibrates backwards and forwards very quickly, sending sound waves through the air to your ears . Sound waves travel as a series of compressions and rarefactions through the air. They are longitudinal waves .

7. The forward and backward vibration of sound waves when struck the drums: https://youtu.be/tM8WyhB6zYo

8. Longitudinal Waves E.g. Sound http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-as-a-Longitudinal-Wave

9. Longitudinal Waves E.g. Sound http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-as-a-Longitudinal-Wave Compression Rarefaction

10. Longitudinal Waves E.g. Sound http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-as-a-Longitudinal-Wave Compression Rarefaction In longitudinal waves the oscillations (vibrations) are backwards and forwards. The different sections are known as compressions and rarefactions .

11. Longitudinal Waves E.g. Sound http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-as-a-Longitudinal-Wave Compression Rarefaction In longitudinal waves the oscillations (vibrations) are backwards and forwards. The different sections are known as compressions and rarefactions . The oscillations in longitudinal waves are in the direction of travel. Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

12. When you speak or shout, your vocal chords vibrate . These vibrations travel in all directions through the air as waves. When the waves reach our ears, they make our eardrums vibrate too, so we can hear the words.

13. How does sound waves reach our Ears: https://youtu.be/eQEaiZ2j9oc

14. Sound Waves

15. Sound Waves Sound Wave – Key Fact Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

16. Sound Waves Sound Wave – Key Fact Sound waves need a medium (material) to travel through – they cannot travel through a vacuum (empty space)

17. Sound Waves Sound Wave – Key Fact Sound waves can travel through solids , liquids and gases .

18. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph.

19. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Lightning travels much faster than the sound of thunder. A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder means that the storm is about a kilometre away.

20. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Lightning travels much faster than the sound of thunder. A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder means that the storm is about a kilometre away.

21. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Lightning travels much faster than the sound of thunder. A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder means that the storm is about a kilometre away.

22. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Lightning travels much faster than the sound of thunder. A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder means that the storm is about a kilometre away.

23. Speed of Sound Sound travels at 330 metres per second (330m/s), or 760 mph. Lightning travels much faster than the sound of thunder. A 3 second gap between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder means that the storm is about a kilometre away. Air (dry) at 0 o C = 330m/s, water at 0 o C = 1400m/s, concrete = 5000m/s

24. Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas?

25. Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas?

26. Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas? Sound travels faster through a solid because the particles are more densely packed together.

27. Will sound travel faster through a solid, liquid or gas? Sound travels faster through a solid because the particles are more densely packed together. Concrete = 5000m/s, Water at 0 o C = 1400m/s, Air (dry) at 0 o C = 330m/s

28. Sound Waves in different Media: https://youtu.be/bSA4gfiahNw

29. The table below shows the speed of sound in different media.

30. What makes a sound loud or soft? The difference is the amount of energy. Loud sounds have more energy than soft sounds. Loudness of Sound

31. Intensity The amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second is the intensity of the sound. The intensity of sound waves is related to the amplitude .

32. A quiet sound A loud sound The larger the amplitude of the wave on the trace; the louder the sound. The bigger the waves you can see, the louder the sound.

33. The Decibel Scale and Loudness The intensity of sound waves is measured in units of decibels (dB). The softest sound a person can hear has an intensity of 0 dB. Sound with intensities of about 120 dB or higher are painful to people.

34. Frequency and Pitch The frequency of sound waves is determined by the frequency of the vibrations that produce the sound. People are usually able to hear sounds with frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Pitch is the human perception of the frequency sound. Sounds with low frequencies have low pitch and sounds with high frequencies have high pitch.

35. A high pitch sound A low pitch sound. The shorter the wavelength of the wave on the trace; the higher the frequency of the sound. The more waves you can see, the higher the pitch/frequency.

36. Sound Waves in Action! Echoes Radar Sonar Ultrasound

37. An echo is a reflected sound wave.

38. Echoes used for Navigation

39. A boat sends out a sound wave so that the captain can calculate the depth of water. The captain knows that the speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s Distance = speed x time But don’t forget that the sound has travelled there and back so we will need to divide our answer by two to get the depth.

40. Using sound Radar Used to detect objects in air, eg. aircraft. Sonar Used to detect objects under water, eg. submarines

41. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz)

42. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) Uses Industrial cleaning – eg . of circuit boards and teeth.

43. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) Uses Industrial cleaning – eg . of circuit boards and teeth. Breaking down kidney stones.

44. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) Uses 3. Industrial quality control.- eg . Detecting cracks in a metal.

45. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) Uses 3. Industrial quality control.- eg . Detecting cracks in a metal. 4. Pre-natal scanning of a fetus

46. Ultrasound Ultrasound is any sound above the range of human hearing (i.e. above 20,000Hz) Uses 3. Industrial quality control.- eg . Detecting cracks in a metal. 4. Pre-natal scanning of a foetus 5. Range and direction finding - SONAR

47. THANK YOU!