Startup 7 - Student's Book - ENGLISH - Advanced 1

Ken Beatty, Series Consultant

Pearson

un a

StartUp

Christina Lorimer

Learning Objectives

WELCOME UNIT

arguments informally

1 (+ Worsralsedio. [+ Mowmipoñocin. |» Tkebouttavelplens — | Litentos podcast
peri |" smplopart Merca see
ats oer «nd pronouns a ‘pasion
there? + Tpesof adverbs | + Discuss urban exploration | Listening Skill Listen
pages A |
Vereine
7 Fee [eee | Tabares | > seien asien
a a + Taotomttowtoexca | abou
superpower? pro ed INP
page + Presentes forsequene
De | conversation stat Acapt
pn baie ferro
ai one
= Werderaiedte. |= abs geunde |= Takabouwhate _|+ Unentosposcam
El ccomplmems | ine. genius about hon
How'd you + Gerund usage + Talk about fictional worlds | Words
come up ‘veto objects O stein ia
wth that? tone Tease Lien or tions
Brad panes
page 29 [Conversation kilt Defend | "82%

= Words to deserbe

nidos for general

Tak about animal vasos

Lente a podcast

nomina |" andspectterouns |. Discuss aim bout nino!
Are you + Qvaniis wih |" personals Personalities
an animal singular. plat Discuss animal behavior | Listening Skil
person? verbs Ben Simmons
+ ander forknoum | Conversation Skil Ue
monat aan" |érumoconmeneu
inlormaton | dont know a word
5 1 Werdereisiodte_ |» Roonedspesch |» Tlksboutsnninga mal | Uentoa podas
‘ Baring abuses |" pates Business ‘boutinventons
Is this going + Changes in + Takabou
pimenton | Listening Sil
to work? reported speech |. ra abouta succes oy | Serie anno
pages + Common ani eae
‘navn ina conversion
Learning objectives

www. frenglish.ru

Video Talk/ Di

flythmand—]> Lnentoorwatha | Reedabout — | Wites doive | Condor howto
eh ne een
ree SE Bes
virgo | ame!
Note-taking Skill Make — | Reading Skill active verbs. u
bis (orne
Discusion Slit
ier toparicos
+ Foaingand Te Listen to arwacha | fendabout |= Wile deiton |» Coniderkonie
ER ET EE Eee
ator” | Spear Ben (sinus | omens
Netcong Satnete | endings se | ae quen
ee [exw Sor
Discusion il feu
Pecan bac he
e ree
CR Say
Not ati Sl Note nde | ating Skil Reerto | (ere
O ett || 5655
E pr
Diesen sit
sen
FRE
reduce Te Linton tor wach oak |eResdabeun — Te Wines peras |» Coniderbow
EA ES nene
Pres A | #98 Ing stature | menses
EEE reading sian [een
y Recognize [+
Discusion Selm | nee
Es
a D EL Dear
AN AAA |" nos
es
ening sist [use | Sion,
fered EP || bo
Dis Sl Blan
Per
teng Obs

www. £renalish.ru

6 € Wordsrdbied |» Subjctvers — | Takaboutcompensaton
toworkand |" agent Rov | Tol abouti gender
Canthave | Somporanion | Sndespand eos
anser * Potable weathineqsiy | tering Ser
= Pr i.
oe future Conversation Skill Add a
Enri tary [commons ten
7 Words vanedio |" Pasvevolce: Form |» Takaboutmalings | Usentoa podcast
soso |" andino nr Fe
What are O Takabouchzen Jena
you going to Reporting Joao lunge
do about i? cs "Daamsteimpsaot [Tone ofvace
+ Paveiteives |" socal ed
i and causatives
conversion i dently
paps emeen bought
Soups
5 (= Madang woe» Moding lave |» Takaboutewaion to | Usenioa pan
Sones throb stout promoter
What’ our + paticplecoues | Takabourpromoton | “Des
story «ae dos | Sis Listening Sa
age 8? e Taaboutcoperte | Antcpatewords
naiss
conversion iat
Spec sbou the fave
9 Ac abies |» Mods or *Tikabouatiete |» Unentoapodeaa
& pc A |" competion ES
Doyou poca [ortiga
y presi + Taboutwhatasponis | e tgetaudione
sports? cy ed
= HA Conversion sut Bud
page + remission son | empathy with ce
Sines? LE
fronton
0 A A We ong | Ueno podem
A E Monte | schon mm
Loy Pape O PAI
ven? maria + Discuss lie in the past | Comparisons
ea "BEREITS P| conversation Skill Maintain
rset wth este os

VOCABULARY / LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE

‘GLOSSARY

Learning Objectives

page 125

page 155

www. frenglish.ru

WELCOME UNIT

1 IN THE CLASSROOM
Getto know your classmates

Tk to your classmates. Find someone who matches each prompt. Write his or her fist name
on the line. Thon ask follow-up questions

+ loves to read + can play a musical instrument
+ has den a motoreyle + hastraveledto another county
+ enjoys cooking + isvoryarisic

‘A: Excuse me, do you love to read?
B: Yes, dot My name is Onur, O-N-U-R
A: Thanks! What kinds of things do you like to read?

© Strategies for class and business discussions

Here re some examples of strategies that wl help you overcome challenges in discussions
with classmates or colleagues, Complete the tips with the problems in the box.

oca portepote: ‘goes offtopic speaks oo softy

speaks too quick speaks too much imoreupts others

D 1. Wsomoone does participate invite him or her to join in by saying thi
+ "What do you think, Diego?”

+ "We haven't heard rom Chiyo yet What do you think about...
O 2 someone gethim or her back on trek by saying things ike
+ “Lots return to what Lanh was saying
+ “Thats a good paint, butlers ge
D 3 Ifsomoone is impatient and frequently you cen say

Jckto the main issue

+ "Wait your tur, please. You have a chance to kim» moment
+ “Hold on. Let Malik finish what he saying

D 4 someone you and others dont have the opportunity to speak,
an politely interupt by saying.

+ “Thank you, Noor. Now let's hear what other people have tosay
+ “That's an interesting idea. What do you think about that, Jen?

D 3. someone sk him or her to slow down by saying
+ "Would you mind slowing down?
+ “Could you say that a lt more slowly please?”

D 6 someone and others
have trouble understanding what is being ssi, get
him or her to speak up by saying.
+ "Would you mind speaking up a lite?

+ “Tm afraid we can't hear what you're saying
‘Pot Listen, Check (the strategies from 18 that you hear

© oiscuss in groups, discuss the strategies in 18. Which
‘ones are the most /least useful? Say hy.

BED concu

un a

2 LEARN ABOUT YOUR BOOK

1. Look at pages iv. What information is on those
pages?

2. How many units are inthe bool?
3. How many lessons are in each unit?

4. Look at page 6, Language Choices. Where isthe
practice?

6. Look atthe CHERS Find à on page 11

What does tel you?

3 LEARN ABOUT YOUR APP
Look inside the front cover. Where can you goto
download the Pearson Practico English App for
StartUp?

2. Where are the instructions or registering for
the app?

2. Look a the picture ofthe app. What do you see?

4. Look atthe picture again Fillin the blanks with

the numbers 1-3.
+». Number shows the practice activites.
b. Number —— shows the video fies
© Number —— shows the audio fils,

5. Look atthe picture again. What does Ch

$. Look atthe OR code on page 7 again. What
happens when you scan the code?

COME Ur

un a

"sw! MEET THE PEOPLE
(MEDIA; OF TSW MEDIA HER

‘TSW Media ia big company with big ideas, Ithas offices al over the world It works with
international cients to hol them market their products and services.

TAE-HO KANG ESRA KARA
‘bear Hello! My name is Toe-ho Kang, irnos Hi, everyone. My name is Esra Kara
Hive in Daegu, South Korea, where | work Live and workin Istanbul Turkey, as à
as videographer. ‘computer programmer.

CARLA LUGO HIRO MATSUDA

a

ma Hi there! My name is Cala Lugo. es Hello! Im Hiro Matsuda. Fm a
Fm a social media coordinator in the New York project manager. | grew up in Tokyo, but now
of. Live in New Jersey.
MATEO ROMERO KATE SANDS
N É
m0 Hoy! Tm Mateo Romero. as bor and BHI! Im Kate Sands. Im a market
raised in La Pa, Bolivia. Im an accountant researcher in Toronto,

Every year, TSW sponsors a competition for employees to get mentoring and coaching to improve
their public spooking sil Hore are three ofthe winnors!

ADRIANA, KENDRICK DAVID CRUZ
me LOPEZ SCO
= rs

es Hi My name is poes Hey! Im Kendrick Scott, | 1894 Hi My name is David
Adriana Lopez I workin the | and a designer inthe ru. Im rom Frida, but Ivo
technologydepartmentin | Vancouver office, lived and worked in Singapore
the Quito ofiee. forthe past eyes. an

advertising manager.

SE] weon vn

un a

1 WHAT'S OVER
THERE?

TALK ABOUT TRAVEL PLANS.

ESRA KARA

1 VOCABULARY Words related to travel planning

© Look at the brochure. Who planned the last vacation you
took? How much was planned before you went?

(O osas Read and listen. Notice the words in bold

Here at Vista Travel we've got you covered, high
season r low season! Like to plan ahead? We can
workout a detailed itinerary for you ne” even
plan out al of your meals and day ps!

Prefer to play itby ear? We can help you with

that, oo! We'll keep it organized but open-ended,
leavin you plenty of room for impromptu day tips
and serendipity!

Takeoff with us!

>> FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 125/ DEFINITIONS, PAGE SS:
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Present perfect vs. simple past

@ Read the example sentences. Then complete the chart with Present porfoc or Simple past.

have traveled to ax countries. Last month, travel

Rob has gone on day trips every weekend.

Rob went on day trips every weekend

Have you over done anything spontaneous?

Did you do anything spontaneous?

ve just finished planning the ti.

Anna wanted to travel to Mexico.

Tourism in Peru has wiped in the past
fitoon year

Tourism in Peru tripled inthe past fifteen
years

+ asingle action completed at a deiite ime in the past
+ a habitual / repeated action in the past that no longer cont
isusedior + anactionorstuation hat started and ended in the past.

+a sate in the past that no longer applis.
+ a situation that stated in the past and continues into the present
+ anaction that happened at an unspecifed time inthe past that e sil
= felovantin the present
i + anaction that
time of speak

sted inthe past and ended very recent orat the

)

+

© why does Speaker 1 use the present perfect while Speaker 2 uses th simple past?
Speake
Speaker 2: researched à lot

1: ve researched alot of fights, but none of them work for me,

$s, but none of them worked for me.

BEN 17:

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL | Shareyourideasinformally

a Read tho conversation sill Ten isten, ose an den done
Notice ho words the speakers use toinveduce | nn ae
an opinion, Complete the sentences. Thatsounds..tome. Tale & fom me
1 we should wait detsoyostrow.... usine

Brauner
2 like an al lot of work
3: 2 vou dont mantto go thre during high season

@ paris student A: Make a travel suggestion, Student B: Respond with an expression from
‘the conversation kill box

4 CONVERSATION
es Listen, What do Esa and Mateo talk about?

© nus Listen again Answer the questions.
1. Compare Era and Matoo' sos of vacation planning
2. How does Esra fe! about Mateo’ style of vocation planning?
3. Atthe ond ofthe conversation, what does Mateo recommend?

cé Listen. Complete the conversation.

Mateo: Well: Just go fora walkand
stop somewhere that looks good.

Esra: Yooh, thatienot my syle.

‘Mateo: WelL that hour found the best meal Ive ever
eaten. just wust that things wll work out and thoy
usually do! Exploring s what makes ave fun!

That

Esta: Hmm.I guess Im not much ofan explore

Pp

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

(E aser PERSONAL Which parto vacation do you pan? What do yowpreferto leave open-
ded? Think of reasons o examples rom you aval experiences, Take notes in he char.

Plan?)

Reasons /

Examples

© PAIRS share yourideas. Use expressions fom the conversation kill box to
Introduce your opinions. Explain your reasons and give examples.

PS

TALK ABOUT SPACE EXPLORATION

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN rl 7

© PAIRS THINK Are you interested in space E tunterenshiten
‘exploration? What do you know about Mars?

© 1 VOCABULARY Read and liste. Do you know the words in bold?

> MARS: The Red Planet

“There ao about foureon spacecraft on Mars Si of thom ar overs
Some people hope that we canterafrm the planet 10 mali
‘more tke Earth and then colonie
Mars inhospitable
get hit by 200 asteroids every year and bombarded.
st radiation,

“hore ao mestive dst stoma ad toni substances

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Indefinite pronouns
Read the example sentences. Notice the underined verbs and circled objects. Use the
indefinite pronouns in bold to complete the rules in the chart.
Example sentences
The technician was asked a lot of questions Several wate about the filed take of,

“Two scontsts authored the article. Both share (her vien space travel.
Nobody knows just how big the universe is, but many have guessed

Everyone is emailingis or her” questansto the astronsut in space.
Everything vias perfect visible through the microscope.

2. Nether ofthe astronauts wants to dis le waveling in space.

Indefinite pronouns
Always singular anyone, someone, everybody, no one,
anybody, everthing, somebody, each, one,

Always plural few, others,

Singular and plural all any, more, most, none, some (of space / ofthe seronaute)

(depending on usage)

© ead example sentence 1,2, and 3. What do you thnk these indefinite pronouns refer to?
1. Several 2 Both 2 many,

M

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION np

(D ess Liston. Road the pronunciation note Ba en of esi ne
o és ¡nessa sylabesin phates or sentences,

© Hx Liston, Notice the suessed sylable ina phase or sentence. one words,
Then listen and repeat ‘ay seed mare hel tan aer.
ae Wordt aso hve a pater of sessed and
1, eiónlcion frstintho nation organization, | unsvessed sables Pases and sentences
Building a station fo could sumvethere canhoe the ame sb sress pater
PR ‘swords For example he word ton and
2. Bostic, most of them, argument half fit. thosenerce ak both hove so labs
Substances Wi es on te tr sb
2, thd Bnd fe inhospitable, the CE

performances, san astroid, Im atid of it

(Pett Listen. Cross out the word or phrase that has a diferent syllablestres pattern.
1. ciulizaion, organization, serendipity, evaluation, forthe technician
2 its excellent esting, és optimal in front oft unfortunate

4 LISTENING =

‘Speakers hen sess words to emphaso an den
su Listen. What is the main idea of Ine EXTREMELY itu to guess what mil Popper

the podcast? nthe fn
Thecicunstances moro NOT what we expected.

© ess: Read tho Listening Skil Liston again. | Tha projet gong tobe DECIDEDLY more
Weit the thing that the speaker stalking ic han people male,
about with each stressed word,
1. EXPENSIVE 3. MINUS.
2. EXTREMELY 4. DECIDEDLY

‘Pau Listen again. Complete the chart with Ihe arguments for and against going to Mars.
For Against

PAIRS REACT Were you surprised by any of the information inthe podcast? If yes, explain
what surprised you and why

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© tran Do youthinkwe should postpone space exploration unt we she problems here
on ark? Why or why not? Ge estos. Take notes about your ideas.

© Discuss Make For / Against chart on the board List the arguments for and aint
Postponing space exploration, Vota on wich side hs the songes argumenta

[ANALYZE Take poll. What percentage ofthe class thinks we should goto Mars?

PS

DISCUSS URBAN EXPLORATION

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN

© PARS THINK Have you ever seen an =
abandoned building or site? Describe it.

© ein VOCABULARY Listen. Do you know these words?

ost crumble mose-covered
abandon peel wot
domage dilapidated collapse

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Types of adverbs

© Rund the example sentences. Then complete the chart withthe adverbs in bold
Example sentences

No could barely see the ceiling, 4, Apparently, the renovation was affordable.

2. Even the rotted trees looked beautiful. 5, There are seldom any floods inthis ara

3. Curiously, the house hast collapsedyet. 6. The houses here are mostly abandoned

Sentence adverbs franky, obvious, atthe begining
describe the speakers regrettably strangely clean,
‘opinion of the sentence

Focus adverbs focus als just manly, ether, nether, before or ater words they
the Isteners attention modify; meaning can change
on à particular part depending on position

ofa sentence

Negative adverbs give hard scarcely, the same as not: before main
negative meaning rare), never ite, verb after ist auxiliary verb;

P pan

© Notice how the focus adverb moves in each sentence, How does the meaning change?

IE PAGE,

Only employees may photograph the building.
Employees may only photograph the building,
Employees may photograph the building only

ci

un a

3 VIDEO TALK

8 © esten orwatch. What isthe main idea ofthe talk?

8 © Pas Road the Note-toking Skil Liston or

‘As youl, ty toidenty categories of inormaric
oop late of hose categoria tems under aoproprate

Kinds of abandoned | Why urban exploring y People lie

ae [is dangerous abandoned pl

What does the speaker conclude about urban exploration?

PAIRS REACT Do you think photographs of abandoned pl
What do or don't you lke about them?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL nop |

ar interesting?

Read the discussion skill Which of these phrases
do you use in your discussions now?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Think about the abandoned places you have seen in this lesson o in elle,
Would you ie to explore them? Why or why not? Write our ideas.

© DISCUSS Ina smal group, discuss your reasons for and against exploring abandoned
places. After you speak, invite others to participate in the discussion.

EVALUATE Decide which arguments are most convincing, I your group thinks urban
exploration should be discouraged, explain ways o do that. your group thinksit's
worthwhile think of new places to explore.

PS

UNDERSEA EXPLORATIOI

1 BEFORE YOU READ ro

© PARS Why is exploring the ocean important
for fields such as biology (ho study of living
things), geology the study of rocks and soi
and archaeology the study of ancient societies)?

© si VOCABULARY Read and listen, Do you know these words?

malfunetion nutionts transmit a woalth of bacteria
‘luminate be accustomed to anartifact aspiro hed

2 READ

PREVIEW Read the tite, look atthe picture, and rea the caption,
What questions do you think the article will answer?

© erst Read and listen to the article. Were your prediction correct?

The soa i cam as the 64-meter-ong Expaton Vessel Nauti (EV Nauti or
‘tor lowers above submarine named Hercule ovr the Sos meson so
po the Cayman Tovgh, the despes pl in Po Cara Soa. As Hercules
esconde o 4,000 meters, sg 8 ms, or for on board that the vere might
mann orb cused. Tho spots duminalo th Backes or 8 cameras,
{he yes of tho sceniss Po sip above. Thay conf no exstorcoo spring of
potoated war nat ar sources of not lormarnoccosystems ad even dscovor a NOW
pocos of imp Her has pasod hotest

remote opte veide
tages be cs o

Eauoped wth mechanical ams to cotect samples, Hercules on o several emotty operated vehicles
that Pal th EV Nautilus foro the op seat gv ups wal guarded sect. scans the acoan or up
ose with gh defi video cameras and bright Kgs that requenty star creatures accustomed lo Me
out sunght The stunning images ao sont up to th EV Naui aon afberoptc cable, transmite

va Sol o a university space conte in the U.S and upicadad o th nme forte word to jo.

¡Since launch in 2008, Hercules has sent up a al o images ol ecraorinry He forms of.
(Sspays. Ol porta interest ar the unikay ecological systems that orm around hydroihermal vents that
‘ect seawater as hot as 450°. creating prominent and often beaut fomaton kroun a chimneysor
pies. Thee, lot darte, actera come o feed on dssched metal, gases, and mineral. They, in
"um, our tube Worms and masses, which themsehes prove foad for smal crabs, shrimp, ah, et.

160 intersted archaacogy

ater, wars, mechanical flees, and human rors have bean
sanding vessl oa watery 9 utes, leaving many itorca alas on the son 800€ EV AUS
as napoct ton woodk tho ancient wer but so modem ones of ste and kn,

ung battleships, submarnes, and arlane. D. Robert Balar the president of he Ocean Exporaion
“ust which owne EV Nauen, parteuary fscnatedby shipwrecks was he who located the sunken

» Tran n 1985

A

annie

>
“Te excting naw appetions of technology by EV Nautilus have even caught the attention of NASA.
Aremotey operated vel similar o Heres would be perc or mestgatin Ie oceans that ext on
‘ther planets and moons in aur solar system. Scents could conta such mision from the safety of
arth, examining image ransmitod back that might vel sgn of Me around roma vents at the
2» bottom ofan san on a distant wor.

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

“Answer the questions according othe atl
1. Why does the author write “Hercule has passed the tes?

2. How is data collected and shared with scientists?
3. How has EV Nautlus enriched the field of archaeology?
4. Why is EV Nautilus’ technology panicularly suited to exploration in space?
© CLOSE READING Reread the ines. Then cre the correct answers.
1. Inlines 18-19, why does the writer use in tum in the second sentence?

>. tointroduce a process hat faster than the one inthe first sentence
b, to introduce a process thats the result of the one inthe fist sentence
€. toinvoduce a process that conflict with the one in the first sentence
2. Inlines21-25, how isthe second sentence connected tothe first?

a. provides a notable example.
Pb. describes the method used,
Ik present a solution toa problem.
Read the Reading kil Find the metaphorical
language in the article and complete the sentences.

ln ametaphor languages used for

1. Inline 6, Hercules's cameras _ are dramatic ect or xampl: The
‘compared tothe scientist’ eyes because Inemet a window on the work.

th the ocean. | though the internet it an acta

2. Inline 10,tho ocean ssid to ‘indo te word window suggests

keep. because own use the internet io ob
== inlrmaton about the word
3. Inline 15, jlyish ae called ving Eee zu
because,
4. Inline 21,the bottom of the ocean is compared toa watery because

PAIRS Summarize the article in 3-5 sentences.

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Consider the exploratory work ofthe EV Nautilus. What aspects seem the most
Important to you? Why? Take notes.

@ GROUPS Discuss which aspocts ofthe work of EV Nautilus are the most important,
in your opinion

EVALUATE As a group, decide on the two aspects that you agree are the most important
‘Then choose one person to present your ideas to he dass,

[im | CAN READ ABOUT DEEP SEA EXPLORATION J
on FER

www. frenglish.ru

WRITE A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE N seb se
© Read about descriptivo essay à Aa pl u

A doscriptio essay is usualy used to describo a place or a person. has a formal structure
With an introduction, multiple body paragraphs, and a conclusion. But the content ofthe essay
i erative rather than academic. Descriptive essays often engage the readors senses (sigh
ound, smell touch, taste) tenable them to visualize the place or person being described.

© ead the model. What does the writer describe?

[As acid, ved inthe Sonora Desert. Tis dese, nthe nrtnwest of Mexico, on of te
‘most Boat places that vo ever seen You may thnk of Get a dy and empty, Bu the

‘Sonora Deserts abuzz white and bosst many usual plants and asa, =

fe, and you can soe tha most ange Join lat doting Be landscape. The most famous
Plant heres te sat eaguaro acts, R rks as thick asa ee, and stands woe

talas a person. Oct plans nave many spin branches Ike tentacles, which reach pws
toward the des ue sky. Thee plants Doom wth ed foren te spinglme. Creosote
plants more squat an bushy, have Dig yolow blossoms and uy wie soods. These
bushes ra an eat, ral cent eng ators

The desert hat tase, 0 rng he day mos animas not antro ot. you ae uc,
you may oe aroaunner. Thoso famous rd have ng als which seen out bei hart
then they un. Or you may ses aackrab wth song eas hiding nthe shade, Eu most

animals energe any in ne evening. Von the sun descends, pang the sky pink ad range
the ar becomes much cooler nen you can hear many bis ang and crias ang ut
be carl Venomous anal, hs atenakes and va monster ant zara) ao a acto
in o ewig, atch the ground cesaly to avi stoping on these dangerous creatures.

‘You probaby wert inte Sonora Desert on ato top ten laces to raval, tits unique
landscape makes ita great place to explore. Anyone who loves wife and unusual places wil
bo tve bythe gs sounds, ad scnt that can be found ay er

PAIRS What senses did he essay appeal to? Give an example ofeach

© Read the model again. How did the writer describe the desert? Complete the chart.

Place name:
sound touch

A

un a

2 FOCUS ON WRITING vo

Rand the Víióng SK hon rrend he | Weow that sing adjectives and oter desciptos can

cial eh | TAE wring mor resto, Bu your wring can bo
descriptive essay. Complete the char, | ae encing you use ovary of ace ver

has something root
found all across

go outside

come out

‘goes down

singing

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

Think ofan interesting or unusual place that you know wall. What are some of the things
you can see, hear feel, smell or maybe even taste in that place? Create a chat hike

the one in 10.
© Pans discuss youridess.
Tm going to write about the city Kyoto. ring ip
Temps
RRE orgpnizng your des or writing

Emme mms,
‘oman lady op
Wie aft eafofadescptve soy abeto — Cotati iMag
pce you decd 54 memo Greene) [PR a ea
a ans ate nn ae
verbs Use the ey in Base mad

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

PEER REVIEW Read your partner's essay. Answer the questions.
+ Dothe details help give youa ar pleure ofthis place?
+ Doesthe categorization ofthe features make sense?
+ Does the esay use srong descriptive ajecivs and active verbs?
+ Aro variety of sensory detalsincluded, sch as sight, sounds, and smell?
+ Docs the essay havea enr organization, wth an introduction, 23 body paragraphe,
+ Does the introduction give the name of the place, explain where the paces, and explain
how the witerknows the place?
+ Does the conclusion say something now, but sil lat tothe body of the essay?

REVISE Write another draf based on the feedback you got from your partner.

PROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar, and punctuatio
through again for overall sense.

your essay. Thon read

LR CAN WRITE DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY J
on FER

www. frenglish.ru

1

2

BEE MLR

PROBLEM SOLVING

@ consiver THe PROBLEM Tourism may be the biggest business in he world ih more
and more people traveling many famous
answer the questions.

sites are being vandalized. Review the chart and

TE Ez
Colosseum Bm. |

1. Which monument has had the mosttoi

2. Which monument is Ikly the most dificult to protect? Why?
3. Whats the most common type of vandalism?

eo

FIND A SOLUTION Consider the data, th
Step 1 Brainstorm How could vandalism.

THINK CRITICALLY What factors might lad to increases in vandalism? Discuss witha partner.

1 problem, and possible solutions in small groups.
of world monuments be reduced?

Step 2 Evaluate Choose the best solution. Considerthe size of the monument and the type

of vandalism,
Stop 3 Present Explain your best solution

tothe cass. Refer to the datato support your ideas,

REFLECT AND PLAN
Look back trough the unit.Check(V)the things you Whatwllyou do to learn
learned. Highlight the things you need to lean. the things you ighlightd?
Spesting Genion | tape cies
Obits Tisha yoridem D resntpnect
Dot loma ‘ample pat pres =
a Diindtnee o ——
CE mas in bep dots enon!
O An Somerton cb,
Cowan da “mi
cr con
Dice
ocala prisa

DD Words relatado
es un |

CES

nr nie

(2 WHAT'S YOUR
SUPERPOWER?

E

GET STARTED
LA] a TAE-HO KANG
e =

ABOUT SUPERPOWERS

a TAE-HO KANG

m)

1 VOCABULARY ‘Superpowers

© ook atthe comic Which superpower do you
thinks the most valuable?

© pee: Read and listen. Notice the words in bold

e PROTECTORS SQUAD!

bly

ns AND
‘het lea,

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Present and future unreal conditional

© Te present and faure urea condivonal used to tak about an unreal cent event

situation or about an unlikely ture event or station. Read the example sentences,
Then ile th comet answers inthe char

Example sentences

1. Hl were able to

2. Hehe could ead minds, she would know what wer thinking

3. Wie could finish this project on timo Ho had superpowers

4. would wantto be invisible right nw were

5. you could teleport where would you go?

4. What would you dou had super strength?

lepor, | would goto the conference in Brazil tomorrow.

The unreal conditional isthe same / diferent or present ime and future time.
Use the present / past form ofthe verb in the clause.

When the vrb in the clause is form of bo, uso the form was / wore

Inthe main clause, use will would or can / could

‘Separate the irelause and the main clause with a comma when the main clause comes
fiet/second in the sentence.

he difference between these sentences.

rac

lé use my pow
superhero, Id use my powersto teleport and avoid this horible fi jam

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL >>]
beat Road the conversation sil. Thon listen. Notice

then fer conficing one use

‘the words the speakers u to accept an opinion
Complete the sentences.
1. Wel, but dail want. go.

e | erat an
3 "but cleaning the hote st

‘very oxeting thing to do with a superpower

© Pains student A: Make a statement about a superpower. Student B: Respond with
an expression from the conversation sill box and ofer a confiting opinion

4 CONVERSATION
© ss Listen, What do Taeho and Carla talk about?
© ss Listen agsin. Answer the questions.
1. Which superpowors do Tas ho and Carla discuss?
2. According to Tae ho, what aro the disadvantages of telepathy?
3. According to Cate, whats one disadvantage of teleportation?

Pas Liston. Complete the conversation

Toe-ho: 1FIjusthad super hearing, would know what they saying
Carla: That would bo useful would’
you would hear what everyone elo inthe oflee i saying,
too. That could get prety annoying

nets utmaybe cold foc sony haa
a
Cada Hno lps ma
P e

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

MAKE IT PERSONAL Wie down three superpowers. What would tir advantages
and disadvantages be? How would your fe change i you had them?

| Disadvanta

‘GROUPS Decide which superpower would have the most positive effect on

i E efe
a persons life. Use expressions from 3A t accept your classmates’ opinions and
‘offer conflicting ones. Report your ideas to the class.

www lin

K ABOUT HOW TO EXCEL

a TAE-HO KANG
1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN

GPAs min Howdoyouthink peoplecon <A

excel and be their best? List some ideas, "

© Pear vocasuLay Complete the char with all of the family members: the verb, noun,
and adjective forms. Then listen and check your answers

excelence excellent
[optimize or
reflection
persistent
ge
promising

3» FOR PRACTICE, PAGE229/ DEFINITIONS, PAGES
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Future real conditional

Read the example sentences. Then crcl the correct answers in the chat

Example sentences

1. Ifyou keep working on ki, you wil get better att

2. Hfehe wants to excel, cho must optimize her effort,

3. Lean nich the job on timo i'm not interupted

4. We shouldn'tbe afaid of small lures we want 1 succood inthe ond,

You won'timprove unless you push yourself order
Unless we reflect on our mistakes, we won lea from them.

Future
+ We use futu

val conditional for situations that aro possible / impossible,
To express the condition, use an ¡Lelaus and the simple present/ future form

To express the future rest, use the simple present/ future form or the present
continuous/ a modal + ver,

sin result) clause is always atthe beginning / atthe beginning or end ofthe

+ Unless means if / except it

P

© Wat are the diferences between these sentences, in meaning and form?
Wel overcome our challenges if we keep tying.
ie keep tying, weil overcome our challenges.

ED vr

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION Ex

‘When a vanioal phrase

sus Listen. Read the pronunciation note. ke On the other band begins
@ Pease Liston. Notice the pauses and changes in intonation. | nai ov ue nntonton

1. A: Asyouive probably heard, persistence is oy to followed by pause The pause
mastering any ski tol iter ocur

what comes nx Nacken

8: True, but what don't get better? weep pente

2. A: In my opinion, you can learn anything if you really want

B: Yes, but playing an instrument requires alot of practico. | Ont other and, making
mates has slo bon

»

A: First of all many top athloto inspire peopl to follow their
passion.

B: On the other hand you dont always have talent for sports.

{A suppose thats true butyou can excel at anything if youre determined,

4 USTENING

Listen. Add a comma where you hear a pause. À
pee nthe oer Rind, mating
‘mates hos sl bonos

x Liston, Whats th main idea of Aspe me ha ner tn des
Fa para ‘examples Lin for numbers and sequence

© wa Read tho Listening Skil Listen again. | (Po ther te) ll along wih tbe
Write the main ideas mandes Use numbers to lt man ideas

Anjou notes Add dete under reto em.

be persistent

a Listen again. Complete the chart with examples.

PAIRS REACT Do you think al five ofthese keys to success are equally important? Ave
there any you would omit? Can you think of any you would add?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF
THINK Which of the ve keys to sucess do you use (at leas sometimes)? Give examples.

A

© Discussin small groups, compar and contrast the informatio in your chas
‘dont he keysto sucess that ao most and east common in your group.

(O ANALYZE Come toa consensus about why some o th keys are mor and
less common Share your conclusions with he class.

PS

DISCUSS WHY WE LOVE SUPERHEROES

a TAE-HO KANG.

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN 3 am ch

© wen VOCABULARY Look at the words and
listen tothe sentences. Do you know these words?

chumout resemble trauma
innato intervene avenge
solkevident consistently thrust.

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Present real conditional

Read the example sentences. Then road the rules in the char Are they tue (N) or flee (FP?
Correct the flee rules

Example sentences
1. Audiences feel more connected to the character they can relate o the hero's story
2. ourfamiy orfriende need assistance, we should step up and help

3. When there's» new superhero movie usually wate

4. Superheroes als

5. fa superhero isthrustinto à dangerous station, ho or she almost alwoys comes out nd
6. Hsomeone'sin rouble, do you react?

tervene when someone is suffering

Present real conditional

Use the present real conditional for stations that are impossible

+ Use the present oa conditional to describe an event (cause) thats always followed by
another event (resul

+ Une for when in the clause orthe result clause.
+ Use the simple future form ofthe ver inthe result clause,

+ Use the simple present form ofthe ver inthe result claus

+ We can use modalsinthe clause or the result cause.

+ Separate the clauses witha comma when the result clause comes second in the

pu]

© Road the sentences. Which sentence is the more appropriate choice and why?
someone sufrs

om trauma, recovery can be ificu.
Ifsomeone suffered from trauma, recovery could be dificult

A

un a

3 VIDEO TALK
8 © mess Listen or watch. What isthe main idea ofthe talk?

8 O Pe Read the Note-taking Sil. Listen or watch again.
Take notes inthe chat.

NOTETAKING SKILL

ideas you wing a Main dess / Detach
os des to use bbrenatonsthee gore. in

‘who protect others

‘Astraction to people |

People connect with E

@wnat does the speaker conclude about superhero stories?
© Pies REACT Do you think its tue that people connect with the kinds of stories the

speaker describes? Why or why not? Es
4 DISCUSSION SKILL Wa isusson gets of wack use pote

Read the discussion skill Which of these phrases
do you ut in your discussions now?

Wat we vere saying eo was.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© THINK Choose a movi, TV show, or book you ike, Tink about the takin 3A. Then answer
the questions inthe chart Include on explanation and example

the hero protect others the hero's origin story follow one of the

© DISCUSS in amal groups, talk about the hero from your chan. Explain how he or she does
or doesnt exemplify the speakers ideas.

@ ANALYZE Come 10 a consensus about which hero is the closest to or furthest fom the
speakers ideas. Tell the lass your conclusion and explain your reasoning,

PS

LESSON READ ABOUT TECHNOLOGICAL SUPERPOWERS

a TAE-HO KANG
1 BEFORE YOU READ

Road ho Reading Sl. Thon create chon win, 28 A

three columns labeled K, W and L Use KWL chat

© PARS The article below is about technologies that can | A KML char a
enhance human abilties Write at least three things a

yeu know about thstopicin column K of your chart. now) Wnt want
En Read and sten. Do you know

these words?

pioneering adhere sheer bully render

microscopie scale state-ofthe-art__limbs imperative

2 READ

Read the tte and subtitles and look atthe pictures. What do you want to know
about the topic? Write at least three questions in column W of your chart.

© 17 Read and listen. Did the article answer your questions?

SUPERPOWERS | sivensenos mos:

Imagine a universe where people clin lol and los skyerapars os notraly os walking along the
steal Nobody wears eyelasies as everyone hos vison Ma several ies more power han yours 6
mine, ond hey operate machine using ought alone. you think m aking abou the Marvel cinoma
Univers, guess agen. These superpowers ore Alba evalobe normal human, and mare oe on he
‘soy thnks 1 sme pioneering technologies.

CLIMB LIKE A GECKO

‘Over 2,000 yeas og, he climbing ability f he litle gecko amazed the Grek pilosopho
‘Arial, who wrote hot could "rn up and down ree in ony way, even wih the
‘downword Info, on add gecko hos grip hat con suppon up lo 130 kagrams ov 286
‘ound In 2002, slats discovered he gecko’ secret: et recovered wih thousands
ches. Ton eteding fom the end ofeach one of home or

y hoi
‘approximately 1,000 mare miroscopie hats” hat adhere to the bonds betwee
> “clear Reoorchers have vied he somo principle create climbing

loves hat low à perso to scale sheer surlacs, Move over, Spilormon
7 =“

ANYONE CAN BE IRON MAN
Tony Stark, he sonar goniv who becomes ran Mon, hos a normal body e
ron hal gives him is superpowers. Senay, ceclwodd exoskeleton goal may he
andhronce othe wearer and thee ore counts: applications For example in he shipbuilding and auemebie
indus, workers weoring exoseltos efoto Ih heavy sha lc, and in the mito, exsialatons

‘low solders o cory mote ond heavier equipment han ever ber, While hose ste cthe an models oe
buky and ugly, desk nes Kk “cond din" mode hom gh motera re ot the concer stage

BEI MU

reims have ues

weak he. Wes agote
ronge

>

RES IDE OUT

MIND OVER MATTER

10 One of he superpowers of Jean Grey, parhps the mos powerful member of he X-Men lamelles
the pow to manipulte mate in ho wold around her wih her mind. nthe real world, achaslagy cided
telekinesis begins wah recognizing the electrical signals our brains produce when we think diferent hough,
such as on, of, go stop, or ho lors of he olphaber A hoodset cn dee has signals and conver them
into commends vo computer o operate a device or ype words. Tis technology promises fo enable humans

24 10 eperte,tetnaically, computers ond conputerequipped machines, including cor ond appliances. bs
‘oko great news fo physically disabled individuals, who wil be able 10 control na oly whoclchoirs but so
mechanical mis wih Mr Bough
hos tchnalgicl superpowers in development include uploading information dry o he bain,
technology ha rendors objec ine, ond jack 1 allow us long distances aislnetre Cries

3 worny tht such superpowers ll give unar adanloge o ose wo have them They er this ould
became a new divide sima othe dig divide that has sported thse with occsso computers ond
internet technology nd hose without. Tat why scans ond researchers crete new superpowers i
inpartv that hey make hem accesible 1 everyone

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

PAIRS Road the article again. In column Lof your chart write at last tree things you
learned. Then share and discuss them,

© Anmar the questions according to the anio.
1. How have scientists made use ofthe gecko’ “secret?
2. Wihat'smeantby the heading Anyone Can Be ron Man?
3. How does technology aided telekinesis work?
4. What dos the author compare to the "digital vie"?

LOSE READING Reread the ines. Then cio the coract answer.
1. According othe sentence in Ines 18-19.
a only bully exoskeleton are eurent in use
bo oxoseletonsthatar curremtiin use ar look
€. sleek exoskeleton willbe weaker than bulky ones
2 Intnes 20-21, impled that Jeon Grey _—
a. isthe most powerulX Mon charactor
8. res primary on telekinesis
© has more than one superpower
PAIRS Summarize the arc in 3-5 sentences. (MEET

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Think of additional reaworld applications for“gecko" climbing gloves,
‘exoskeletons, and technology aided telekinesis to help improve society

@ GROUPS Present your ideas tothe group. Clay any points they have questions about

EVALUATE Discuss the pros and cons of your ideas. Decide on the best one for each of the
three technologies and have one person present thom tothe class.

{m AN READ ABOUT TECHNOLOGKCAL SUPERPOWERS J
vn a

www. frenglish.ru

WRITE A DEFINITION ESSAY

als
am een
ay Se ACES SS ECE TIER

simple definition, the essay analyzes allthe nuances ofthat concept. Examples help to
‘explain and clarify the diferent aspects ofthe concept being considered.

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
© ead about definition essays

© Read te model what he qualities does the writer eos hero must exhibi?

When you thik of ero, do yu think of Superman or
Wonder Woman? Ordo you ink fra ie heroes, Me
Fret gen? Wel hee some more category of er: he
Forme, mwas my grndmoter Why? She

Brave. leadership, ad wid

se vas needy rave. Bravery tome means staying calm in.
the fc of danger and puting eter people before yours. My
Principal of my elementary school Ata time when no many
Teas a day when thee was big earthquake in our own, At choc, we had po! hd earthquake
children should get under thei desks. Then she personally came around 1 help people. Her bravery
that ay wa a

require the ability make people lino you. My grandmother did thst school ale time. She

and help pas on wh they have laredo
dimen” she ok me

heroes are people who lea frm hei experien
‘the. remember a dy when go angry wih
me has Instead se talked tome about strength, "Everyone gets angry sometimes
hae handle hesitation, Final, she called cer oy nad made me ao

Te sons eared rom my grundmoiher ae stayed with me for my wale ie and helps o
shape me aa person. She was ive hero to me and soto my comen,

PAIRS Discus. Do you agree with tho writer's selection of personality tats that
make a hero?

ED vr

un a

Read the model again. Take notes in the chat.
Hero Personality traits Examples

She stayed and

rt | helped during an)

Hero: ‘She could make children and
leadership listen to her

She helped me understand what
meant to haw

2 FOCUS ON WRITING

Read the Wing Skil Then reread the | Mon you ask toria quero, you dont expect or
model noe all cf chetencal’ | ‘60d an orewer ak hetoral question your ting
orten, Lo make te render (cl engaged with your topic.

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

Who hero to you? Choose someone rom your own ie, or choose a anal or
istrcal person. What persona trat make hat person a hero? Create a chart ke
the one in 1D.

PAIRS Discuss your ideas
| think heroes have to be generous, resourceful, and kind. For example,

4 WRITE ring ip
Dont mony you say rom your
Wirte a Gest draft of a definition essay about ginal plan as you wre, Of, te
the personality tats that make someone crol wring wil make you think of
a hero Remember to use rhotorial questions new ideas o betes examples thi

happens sop and update your pln
to make sur tw til make sense
Then keep wit.

Use the essay in 18 as a model

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

PEER REVIEW Read your partner's essay. Answer the questions
+ Does the essay stay on topic?

+ Are tivee personality tats stated in the introductory paragraph?
+ Dothe body paragraphs give examples for each personality vai?
+ Does the essay use rhetorical questions?

+ Doesthe conclusion sum up the writers ideas?
© REVISE Write another draft based on the feedback you got ram your partner.

@ P200FREAD Checkthespeling, grammar, and punctuation in your sa
‘Then read it through again for overall ens,

LR CAN WRITE A DEFINITION ss
urn EE

www. frenglish.ru

1

2

BET v0;

PROBLEM SOLVING

(D conser THE PROBLEM Aslong as people have been involved in high-stakes spot,

some have cheated, causing young athletes to lose interest inthe competition. Review the

data and answer the questions
1. Which yearshad the most cheating?
Summer Olympics:

Athletes BANNED from the Oympcs

Winter Opt SE era
2 Alles miohchesiomnagoldmedel wet? Pd
Conte ue | mn
a. becoming coaches LE =
B endorsing products a m
© ling medals mi ml
2. Whstmiohesplinyeamvathnocsesot it falo
‘pleats chsting? Re
à» honest ee >
à serres ER ECT
Gas eee el ME

© mn cmcauLY 1 eheating in sports increasing or decreasing? Discuss with a partner.

=
xi
KA
A

@ FINOASOLUTION Consider the data, he problem, and posible solutions in small groups.
Step 1 Brainstorm Tink of 3-5 ideas1o reduce chesting among athletes

Step 2 Evaluate Choose the best solution. Consider cost and efficiency
Stop 3 Present Explain the bost solution tothe class. Rofortotho data to suppor your dos

REFLECT AND PLAN

Look back through the unit. Check (4) the things you

learned, Highlight the things you need to lean.

el EC —c-
=e Bs
| eS

= —
AA

o La ==
a

EU am

| oo

Vocal — Ce

Dsiwerrowen = reason bck

Dereon

A

© wnatwityou do to kam

the things you highlighted?

gue choses

LEARNING GOALS

3 HOW'D YOU COME
UP WITH THAT?

waysto come up with new ideas, What inspired an
idea youhad?

Look atthe picture. What might be onthe other side of this door?

©. Read Kate's message. What does she mean when she says the
‘novel took me to another world"? Do books or movies sometimes
take you to other worlds?

p

ED vrs

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Verb +

1 VOCABULARY Words related =

to accomplishments à
© Look at the headlines. Would you go to one of these events?

© 01 Road and sten. Notice the words in bold

Culture

Reviow: 6-year-olé Prodigy Gives Lectures at Cy Hal
Performance at the Paviion + Renowned ol unter Amaya Saas, unos vey
knowiedgeabi act ho try of ts ra,
a tk. nao mene

a compaion * Autor Sau Abrams wi cuss hs insightful
tor rise gtd chicren boga of aac Newton, The Genius of

Mary Lin, whom cts ae cage

legends Pl, Veramma, Harn. exo none

rund vs, infinitive

@ ead the example sentences. Then write the tterofthe example that matches the
definition in he char

Example sentences
1. e. We forgot to goto Sophie's plano concen.
b. Lremember reading about her concer inthe nous.
regret to inform you al of our postions have been filed

b. regret not applying for a postion sooner.

2. a. Jackie quit dancing for the Houston Ballet,
b. She quitto return to medical school.

4. 3. ¡tried to play guitar but Im not talontod musician
Pb. Hove you tie taking lessons?

+ remember /forget = to indicate someone performed or didn't perform a task.
remember /forget = to recal or not recall an event inthe past
+ regret
regret = to give bad news
+ stop / quit = to end one actviy in order to begin another

10 wish something hadn't happened in the past

sop / quit = to completely quí some activity
+ ty =to make an effort
tty =to experiment with anew or diferent approach

© Why do you think the writer uses gerunds in this sentence? Ist possible to replace the
inlinitives? How would that change the meaning ofthe sentence? Ses ansver on pags 190

gerunds wit
After he quit playing professional basketball, Michael Jordan tried playing baseball

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL | Defend argumentsinformally

st Read the conversation sil Then ton. ci eh
Notice the words the speakers uso todefend un aora
an argument. Completo ho sentences pa soi
1 He doesn juathave
armen sl
2 No, she an name all the elementsn the porodictabil
3. Bu shes alot oftlot
@ Pains student: Express an opinion about someone or something being great. Student B:
Disagree. Student A Defend your opinion wäh an expression rom th conversation sl box

4 CONVERSATION
ses Listen, What do Kate and Mateo talk about?

(pesas Listen again Answer the questions.
1. What does Kato say about the Beats?
2. What reasons does Matoo giv for his opinion about the Beatles?
3. Atthe ond ofthe conversation, what do they conclude about genius?

sat Listen. Complete the conversation.

Kate: He'sthe of ourtime!
Mateo: Really?
Kate: Wel, one of them atlas he’
known a5 vituoso, He even won a Plz Pazo!
‘Mateo: Oh, yeah... remember hearing something about
‘that guess always think of “genius” s being
someone whose work has, you know, stood
P oftimo. Like Mozart. Or maybe the Beatles.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

{THINK Whe do you think ior ma) gens? We the names of tre people and take
notes on what mokes(or made) thom

© PAIRS Compare your lists and explain why you think each persons a genius.
Defend your opinions. Decde wth your partner which person onthe lt can best be
described at agents.
A: You think. K. Rowling genus?
B: Think about i She

PS

1

2

P

MES u;

BEFORE YOU LISTEN u apodos

@ PARS THINK What makes a story a fantasy?
Brainstorm a ist of things you would expect
to find in a fantasy story.

© esas VOCABULARY Wate the noun form of
‘ach word: Then listen to check

tocraf/a.
to map/a.

to approach / ar
to detail
tofocus on/
to comment/ a

LANGUAGE CHOICES Gerund usage

© oad the example sentences. Then read the rues inthe chart. Ave the rules rue (Nor
{also (FP Correct the fale rules

‘Object of a prepositon | Tolkien became a legend by crafting an imaginary word.

Use Example sentences
jee Creating fantasy characters requires great imagination. ]
[Object ‘She enjoys reading fantasy and science fiction novels. |
Subject complement | One of his biggest accomplehmente was publishing a fantasy novel. |
(Object complement — | [hada hard time not bingeswatching the entre series ]
]

]

With possessive | Martins writing is excellent

+ À gorund can be used to make general statements.
+ Agerundis anoun thats made by adding ing tothe base form of aver

+ Agorund can bea subject or object.

rte

© AIRS Notice the use ofthe gerund inthe first sentence. Complete the next twos
with yourown ideas. Then share them and discuss the different uses of the gerund.

His careful planning has certain pad of
By planning carol
Planning carefully.

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION gti

wa Listen.Read the pronunciation TePrpostonto sh src andere

rt to ap Mana When the veto begin vih

© Pew Listen, Notice how tois
pronounced. Then listen and repeat. whe sound iw

to comment to focus, to toanswer, toexpect, to approach,

remember, to make musi toanac

Speakers sometimes define the ems

4 LISTENING doy ue, One way they do sis by ging
tea Liston, Whatisthe topic ofthe podas? | Panne en and don

© sax Read the Listening Ski. Liston again.
Complete the definition for each term
1. High Valyrian = one of he
spoken in his books
2. Hogwarts = the, of magie

aux Listen again. Take notes about the word that each wite created

o.

PAIRS REACT Do youlike movies or books
about fantasy worlds? What do you like
‘about them? What don't you like?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK tfyouwere going to create fantasy
word, what elements would you ike itto
have? Write a short description foreach
elementin ho har

The place

COMPARE Describe the fantasy world your group created to the class
Which world would you ike to ve in?

PS

P

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN À

© PAIRS THINK Imagine thatyou are
latening to one of your favorite songs.
When you close your eyes, what do you
s2e in your mind while you listen? Describe it

© ben VOCABULARY Complete the chart withthe word families. Then listen and check

imagine imagination imaginative or imaginar

detection

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Verb + object + infinitive

© Consin vorbs ar followed by an object and an infinitivo. Read the example sentences.
Cirle the objects and underline the infintves. Thon circle the correct answer to complete
the statements in the chart

Example sentences
1. | want you to listen tothe new song.
2. Marsa invited us to go to an art exhibit with her his weekend,
3. Ploase remind your son not to touch the artwork
4. Syneshesia causes people to perceiv things with several senses
5. His music allows him to express his feelings.

46. Franz Liszt expected his orchestra to associate sound

and colors the same way he did

«Verb + object + infinitivo shows the sequence of events. In other words, shows how
the action of the subject / object includes the subject / abject
The main verb can be followed by a noun ora subject / object pronoun.

The object performs the frst / second action shown by the main verb / infinitive
The object goes between / after the main verb and infinie.
To form a negative statement not

placed before / after the infinitive,

© Wististhe diferonce between the following sentences?
He orderedhis orchestra play the ong wth more feeing
His orchestra was ordered 1o play the song with more feeling.

un a

3 VIDEO TALK
8 © weston or watch. Whats synesthesia?

E © #1 Resdthe Note-taking Sil. Listen or watch again.
Take notes in the chat.

NOTEAKING SKIL

What does the speaker conclude about synesthesia?

© Airs REACT whieh person do you think had the most interesting experience of
synesthesia? Explain your choice

A Denies SRE mn dt ec can |

Read the discussion skill Which ofthese phrases | at
‘do you use in your discussions now?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Ifyou could have synesthesia, which form would you choose? Would you like to
hear music as colors, taste words, see letters or numbers as color, or feel shapes and
colors? What would be the advantages and disadvantages?

[Advantages ce

© Discuss Compare you ides insmal groups Ideny which kind of synesthesia is most
Popular in the group Talk about why you made the choices you dia.

EVALUATE Share your result with the class, Come to a consensus about which
forms of synesthesia have the most advantages and disadvantages.

www lin

READ ABOUT CREATIVITY-BOOSTING IDEAS

KATE SANDS

1 BEFORE YOU READ

© PARS Are you à creative person? What
iit that makes some people more
creative than others?

© presse OCABULARY Read and listen. Do you know these words?

witersblock jumpstart ampli apose
bepurported to clearheaded inconsequential a blindfold
>> FOR DEFINITIONS, PAGE 58.

2 READ

© PREVIEW Road the ttes ofthe posts. What do you think he discussion thread is about?

© Pen Read and sten to the posts. Was your prediction correct?

Hot!

out of ideas

Posted 4 ours 21 minutes ago

‘Try keeping a notebook. Posted 3 ours 14 minutes ago

tom Richard Branson, Any hero ou go and wrt

it pao om

Dress for creativiy! Posted Y hour 9 mautes ago

ns >>

mr fen lern

>

Creativity on the threshold of sleep. Posted 12 mues ago

Tho mia metas moro connections betwoen Geas when youre nator uy au no uly ase (no 50.
cal ypnagoge sae, The amas Span parte Savador Da, used 1 spend ha aimons tng à

2 char wth ay between Ne mum and Ingo ost. an he Dogan o Gt toy weld ro oro
opt and ak im. Many ths pantngs ae napad by des that camo 1 hm cng those short naps.
ne mer Tomas Edson 90 sgt new densi o ga tt. Ho woud ha mei a a o
Sad is armer unt hay cated ono fc Whichever metho ou se be ra o wi an your
‘erat as wen you open our yo. Good ck

Read the Reading Skil. Then reread the discusion thread

and follow these steps. ions by net
1. For each post underinethe main idea and raw an gaan rabos
hing and wibngsymbolsand
asterisk (* beside each supporting ide ‘rots, Thaelpsyou engage more
2. Cirle any words phrases, or names your unomiar wth, | Cou wahihe to under
3. Wite questions you have inthe margin in gener eta and dary aspects
4. Compare and discuss our annotations with à classmato. | 2° notswe but

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according tothe posts inthe thread.
1. In what ways i showering purported to enhance creativity?
2. In what ways does yoga affect the brain?
3. Why does the third post recommend keeping a notebook all the time?
4, What ate the effects of formal clothes, diferent hats, and earplugs?
5. What did Dal and Edison have in common?

© CLOSE READING Reread he ines. Then celo the correct answers.
1. Inline 6, what does the word ideal imply?
3. The wandering mind creates the perfect creative situation.
b. This is the best reason ofthe three presente.
€. Wi possible great insights might not be discovered,
2. Inlines 11-12, how is the second sentence connected tothe first?
3. teoncedes thatthe pose may be dificult.
expresses encouragement to attempt the pose.
€: lRomphasizs that his pose amplifies creativity

PAIRS Summarizo the discussion thread,
‘Write one sentence foreach post

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Which of the creativity boosting methods you rad about would be most effective
{or you? Why? What creative activity would you use it for? Take notes.

© GROUPS Present your methad, reasons and the activity you would use for Then discuss
‘whether your climats ideas would work or you.

EVALUATE Inthe same groups, decide together on your most practical ideas. Choose one
person to present them tothe class.

{m LOAN READ ABOUT CREATIVITY. BOOSTING IDEAS J
ur ER

un a

KATE SANDS

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
© rend about opinion essay

Ina opinion esoy the witertakes a postion ona topic. nthe invoductoy paragraph the

verter sates the topic and a postin for or aganat Then inmulipe body paragraphs the

vito provides detailed examples that suppor that opinion. Similar to a persuasivo essay, in
an opinion essay, the writer tiesto convince the reader to agree with an opinion.

© rex the model. Whats the wri

1's postion on creativity?

‘The Creativity Gene: Truth or Myth?
Many people belove that creat an arte quay. You re

¿ler bon wth a natural ination towards rot, oF nok. But
‘anyone can be taught rey, as ong a hoy ar ving Lo work

‘Avert Einstein sad, "Genus i 1% Inspiration and 99% perspiration,
‘Sma, Malcolm Gadel theorized tnt anyone uno does
something for 10.000 hous wil became an exper. Ths “10,000:
erempised, bu makes an important point
you pu in enough quality practice, you can ean todo ary
lls you experment and Improvse. My brothor, a graphic designer, is one example. James
has loved drawing ever sos he was a chi. He wasn't acid precy, but because he
Wing 30 much, he spent alto ine doing 1. He suche other people's
agua elnod ns ss. Today, many companies io him o des thee
Wobstes or product logos.

Businesses often vost the dea that rat can bo taught. My company ran some so
called contvty workshops to hap peop slat thinking outside tho box, From one such
workshop, leamed that 08% of chien hae a high evel of rea, ut as they get ode,
this porcentago drops. other words, wo ao al bon creatwa, but gradualy we forget
howto be creais, we have al unbarmad creat, cannot we lar i 2g

its o that creat often runs in tamos — especialy "show fami
Iglsas sth son of Julo Iglesias, ao a famous ger. Jaden ae
singers and actors, are the chicren o actors WI Sih and Jada Pike
argu that there a geno fr crea. Bu | beieve there's another explanation, People whose
parent are arts are more tal o conside tho arts as à vad caren chic or thomas,
‘And als, they ar mor kel to be supperted by thor parents in pursung

Many people may think that you are not bom creative, theres no pont in ing to beet
conte, But! disagree. By apprasching creat as ask that canbe lene and by
understanding tha cesivy Is something useulin any pb, we can rely re ouretves to
pursue more teresting, fling, and yes, creas ies.

PAIRS Did the writer convince you that croativity can bo taught? Why or why not?

MES vs

un a

Red the model again. Take notes inthe chat.

tins te
"tpi: can ra nr
a
‘Supporting examples: _can help you determine your own.
ee er
el O
Se ++ —n en

Yes 2 ereatvity___at businesses. ==
a ‘of chidron are creative, but the number drops as
they get older
3.- children whose are inthe arts probably get more
suppor / encouragement

Supporting examples:

Rostion2: rei uns families to Enrique lesa, the
EEE Jaden and Wilow Smith

2 FOCUS ON WRITING WAITING SKLL
Read the Wing Skill Then reread the opinion | To make astongcasetoryou opinion,
‘essay. Underine the supporting examples. Put include not oly personal examples, but

us oui sources whenever pose
Bering o books, sud, and quotes rom
famous people ae some wayete doth

‘an asteiak(*) next to the examples from outs

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING
To work creatively, whichis more important: having a daily routine, or being flexible and
spontaneous? Create a char like the one in 1D to organize your ideas.

© Pas discuss youridos.
| ink routines more important, because you need to work a something regular before

4 WRITE

Write a rst draft ofan opinion essay about whether routine or flexibilty is more important a
«seative life. Remember to cite outside sources when possible. Use the essay in 1B as a model.

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

PEER REVIEW Read your partner's essay. Answer the questions.
+ Dose the essay sat a clear opinion about the topic?
+ Are suficent supporing examples given?
+ Dothesupporing examples reer o outside sources? Can you add more?
+ Does the essay include and refte an opposing argument?
+ Dove the conclusion say something bigger about the topic?

REVISE Write another draft based on the feedback you got from your partner.

PROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar, and punctuation in your essay. Then read it

‘through again fr overall sonse. |
vs ER

un a

1

2

ED 1:

PROBLEM SOLVING

© CONSIDER THE PROBLEM Comic books, comic sips, and graphie
novel are among the most popular forms inthe fantasy genre.
Does reading fantasy encourage people to escape He reis and
problems? Review the char and answer the questions.

win O O O OOOO we 20
1. Why id comic strips peakin the 19403?
2. What happened to graphic novels after 20007
3. Why are comic strips dropping in popularity?
© Tri criicatty Are people overwhelmed by the problems ofthe real world? Could
reading escapist terature lead to problems in society? Discuss wth a partner.
@ AND A SOLUTION Consider the data, the problem, and possible solutions in smal groups.
Step 1 Brainstorm Think of 3-5 arguments or or against people reading fantasy, such as
comic books and graphienovels,
Stop 2 Evaluate Choose th bot ideas. Consider the poltcal and economie impact of the
word today
‘Step 3 Present Explain the best argument tothe class Refer tothe deta to support your idea.

REFLECT AND PLAN
Look back tough the unit Check (the things you Whatwillyoudoto lean

E = ne

Ge De See

ESS

Omam Bent Inn doe teen

‘sot “|| See

aan a
E

Vocal ste
ES
Sn ÈS

Dona
‘norma alert uti

A

LEARNING GOALS
4 ARE YOU AN
ANIMAL PERSON?

TALK ABOUT ANIMAL VIDEOS

HIRO MATSUDA

1 VOCABULARY Words to describe oe va
unusual things az

© Look atthe pictures. Do you think the descriptions are accurate?

© pat Road and listen

enicuignrärg PE [ce ricino onen
OK PRACT, PAGE LD DERWITIONS, AGE
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Articles for general and specific nouns
© Nous canbe general or speci depending on the context andhow te speaker

perceives thom. Read the example sentences. Underine the nouns and circle the articles.
‘Then complete the rules in the chart with the words general or specific,

Example sentences
1. Thelionis a magnificont animal

2. Atoucan isan exotic bird with alarge, colorful bil
3. Toucans lve in the rainforestin South America

4. Rainforest ro full of unique animals
5. A chameleon can change the color ofits skin

5. Did you see the cute new panda bear atthe 2007

7. | watched a video of elephants esting frit and playing in the water.

‚Articles for general and specific nouns

+ Anounthatrefersto à particular member of a category is

+ Ancunthatrefersto category orto an undefined member of a category

« Usethe with nouns that are singular, plural or non-count

+ Usea/an orthe with nouns that are singular
+ Usenoartcie with nouns that ar plural or non.count

© Undertine the nouns in this sentence. For each noun, explain why the writer chose to use
ha fan or no aril. st possible to use diferent ales ith these nouns?
Ang quiet connote a bat oro bid but hos ho ably gio betwen ros

DS o

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL Ea
et Read the conversation skill Then listen. Notice how the

speakers uso creumlocution. Complete the sentences. When ou srr sr la
ie and you move it wth yourbody. ord fersemething no

2. It's about the size. those things that. ”

3. Thoyweren'tusing that peoplesit | oil
on when they ide shoe. as shaped
© PAIRS Student A: Think of an objector an animal #5 about the sie of,
Use rcumlocution to describe i Student 8: Guess the object
oranimal

4 CONVERSATION
es Listen, What do Hiro and Carla talk about?
© posos istonagoin.Answertho questions.
1. Which animals do Hiro and Carla discuss?

2. Which animal do Hiro and Cala foo! iffranly about?
3. What happens inthe video that Hiro describes?

‘Peta Listen. Complete the conversation.

Carla: Puppies are so precious. just saw ts —
‘of one fetching a ball out of a pool without getting in the water.

Hiro: How did ho manage that?

Carla: Hejumpsona..on things thatyou
floaton

Hiro: Like an inflatable mattress?

Cara: Yes, 1 He stands on it paddles over tothe

ball grabs tho ballin his mouth, and then pacles back to he

P edge.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

{Gace iT PERSONAL Think ofan animal vdeo you've sen. you cant remember areal
video, use your imagination. Take notes to prepare for describing it

© cRoUPS Tallyour dasımats about the vdeo Use ccumlocution to describe
things you dont know the words for Come o Consensus about which

video isthe cutest, funniest, or most bizare. €
[m on tai ABOUT ANIMAL VIDEOS J

PS

DISCUSS ANIMAL PERSONALITIES

HIRO MATSUDA

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN E Leere
@ PAIRS THINK Think of some dogs Ee rot se
you have known or have sen in the
movies. How would you describe
their personalities? Make alist of the
personality trait

© ss VOCABULARY Look athe words and listen tothe sentences. Do you know
these words?

conduct extroverted ‘fearful lifespan
extensive excitable pessimiste asheltor

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Quantifiers with singular vs. plural verbs

© ead the example sentences. Ctl the verb that goes with he quanti. s the verb
singular or plural? nthe char complete the rules by citing the correct answer.

Example sentences
1. About 50 percent ofa dogs life is spent sleeping,

2. Atleast half ofthe researchers disagree with that information
3. Mostof the information has been proven fale

4, Alotof my friends have been adopting pets lately.

5. Every one of / Each of / One of hor cat has a funny name.

6 are hause trained.

Both of my dog
either of tho dogs barks loudly, separate them,
[None of / Neither of my cas likes to goto the vet

uantfers with singular vs. plural verbs

Use a quantifier / verb to give information about the number or amount of something
[With fractions, percentages, most of, aot of some of, and all, the verb form is
determined by the noun / quantifier.

ol A

tnd the singular para frm he vet

Wh both ofthe form fhe verbs aingulr/ per

Base eee nie inen Gentile so

tenencia

© ook a ver in be sentnce Ar they singular o pla? What word determine
Subject vor agement? Notice the verb afters numberof andthe number of

he gt at or dog, and most of tem an tha the number of succes ates has

‘rely increased as reat

®

BEER u:

un a

In quantier pases he some ofthe animals rh af
the prepostonoftsunavesed and blends wth he words

3 PRONUNCIATION

‘Pets Listen. Read the
pronunciation note.

© ois Listen, Notice how the words
in the underlined phrases blond
together. Then Isten and repeat
1. Some of the animals in pet shelters have been abandoned by ther owners.
2. Some animals are brought in by their owners, many of whom are moving,

‘Pett Listen. Cros out the letter fin of when its not pronounced.

some videos of my new dog both of our cats
‘one ofthe cat so many ofthe animals
4 LISTENING

ISTENNGSKLL

hey ar stenig

‘Pott Listen. What is the main ides of the podcast?

@ se Read the Listening Skil Listen again. Summarize mae tem
the findings of Chopik and Weaver's research inthe chart. you remember

‘Puts Listen again. Note the details the char

PAIRS REACT Are you surprised by the resul ofthe
study? Why or why nat?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Consider people you know (you can include yoursel who have had pets: Make
alist the pets What was the pets personaly ke?

Pet

(O Discuss Did / Does the pets personality resemble or not resemble that ofits owner?
1 have a friend who has a tarantula, a spider the size of your hand. In some ways, it
resembles my Fiend because it spends most of time Being quiet and watching the word,
and my fiend is a quit, observant person. On the other hand, the tarantula is very scary-
looking and pes dangerous, but my fend would never hut anyone

[ANALYZE In groups, brainstorm some things owners can do to have a postive or
‘negative effects on a pets personal, Asa las, vote on tres or four ofthe most

PS

DISCUSS ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

HIRO MATSUDA
1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN 9 wus u
de

© PAIRS THINK Which wild animale are the n
‘mos inoligent? What have you heard ú
bout them?

© 2 VOCABULARY Label the pictures with the words in the box. Then listen and check
your answers

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Articles for known and unknown information

@ Read the example sentences with articles for known and unknown information. Then
complete the rules inthe chart with a/a, the, or © (no anio).

Example sentences

1. Could you please run to the store and pickup some food fr the cat?

2. I hear dogs barking. I sounds ike the dogs ae realy close to our house.
Hany recently gota pet snake. think the snake is prety creepy, but realy dontike snakes.

Slow down! Watch outfor the deer

Did you ever watch the animal show that! told you about?

The birds in that cage seam upset,

+ When nour has already boon mentioned, use —

When the noun is made definite by an adjective clause or phrase that directly follows

© Wich information in this sentence isknown or unknown tothe listener? How can you tel?

looked out the window and watched the cat chase squitel around the tros

un a

3 VIDEO TALK

putas Road the Note-taking Sill Liston or watch
‘What is the main idea ofthe tlk? Write iin the chart.

or descriptive scene your notes Insend et

Talk title: Animals Like Us

Main idea:

1. [chimp greeting frend

@ weis Listen or watch again. Add key examples and more details to the chart.

hat does the speaker conclude about animal behaviors?

© parís REACT Which ofthe animal behaviors was most surprising to you? Why?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL

Read the discussion ski. Which ofthese
phrases do you use in your discussions?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

An anecdote a brel stoy thtilusats a point
Youcan begin an anecdote wth phrases lke hee
Did evr tel jou aboutthe me ..?

© Trin Whatis an animal behavior that you have sen in person or on video} tha ssomed

© Discuss share your anecdotes in small groups. Do you think the animal and human

‘behaviors just appear tobe similar, ois here a deeper connection?

Come toa consensus.

@ Sw THESIZE What conclusions can you draw about animal and human behavior?

‘Share your ideas with the class.

PS

BOUT ANIMALS THAT USE LANGUAGE

HIRO MATSUDA
1 BEFORE YOU READ 9
a

© PARS What are some similarities and
differences between the way animale and
humans communicate?

© pena vOCABULARY Read and listen. Do you know these words?

mimic inthowild deprivedof besuitedto nasal ungrammatical
primitive captiviy — bofñond albo acavly inteligible

2 READ
© PREVIEW Road the tte and he interview questions only Whats the main topic?

(O 7 Read and listen to the interviow. Were your prediction correct?

Last weckend,linterviowed Jennifer Orsher the curator of primates at the Stonevile
Animal Conservation Center about animals using human language. Here's what she
had to say.

reci connected the forebrain, However

‘rent ated to mimicking human sounds. However theres one named Kock Ho ies in Everand, South Kress

though hair ln the organ inthe trat that produces sound) à very eimdarto our, they ual don. Ta, an

tranguan atthe Cologne Zologica Garden in Germany one by making hunanlicesounde-but por
Word. Koko, or that was kept researcher Francine Pa aifomia,lesmed.over 1.000.015 >>

so vn.

mr fen lern

>
in Goria Sign Language, a modified form of American Sign Language Athough she aimed that Koko ured
‘gna to expres hrel much as humans do, Kok's signing was ungrammeticl and Dr Paterson abwoys had to
interpreta

(O: Do you thnk any animals will one day use language in a more intligble way?

AS ti pot su tbrngeo mind» quotation from the philosopher Wigensten:"f aon could talk, we mou be
ab to understand" He meant that we'd hove to ten commento understand each other So perhaps its
Primates that we woul hove the best chance of taking with since they ar our closest anımal relates!

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

“Answer the questions according tothe interview.
1. How dove the biology af vocal mimica fr rom that of most other animals?
2. Why di Koshi el ear to syst and he down?
3. Why doos Orsher doubt that Koko expressed though Ike o human?
4. Why Orsher unsure about animals ever using language more eg?

© CLOSE READING Reread the ins. Thon cirio the correct answers.
1. Inlines 9.12, howis the second sentence related he fist sentence?
a. i provides a reason for dre connections.
1 explains a diferent ype of connection.
€. describes the purpose of dire connections
2 inline 16, what does the word as mean?
a. because 1 inthe same way © ding the time

Read the Reading Skil Then reread the interview.

ie he clinton of esc ser ‘Akeranew or fut noun or noun

1. cetaceans fae ook ra devon a are
À freeing oft term kong
2. brainstem: be et oh a comm ordashor bo
in arenosas Recon sh
olen enone mony indio

4. Gorila Sign Language:

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL
THINK How would it be useful for scientists to teach different species of vocal mimics to
uso human language and communicate with them? Think of as many benefits as you can,
Toke notes.

© tours Discuss how they could be implemented and the advantages and disadvantages
‘of having animals that are abe to communicate with us.

EVALUATE Inthe same groups, decide the biggest advantage andthe biggest
(isadvantage. Choose one person to present your ides tthe clase.

[E CAN READ ABOUT ANIMALS THAT USE LANGUAGE
un: ER

un a

WRITE A PERSUASIVE ESSAY

HIRO MATSUDA
1 BEFORE YOU WRITE a FRE
Dr

© Road about persuasivo essay.

A persuasive say i similar to an opinion essay in thatthe writer seeks to convince the
readerto agree withthe points hat he or she is making. The language ina persuasive
‘stay is usually stronger, as tho wir takes a stand on a topic of importance. In the
introductory paragraph the writer states his or her postion, Then, the writer provides
reasons and examples to suppor that position and convince the reader to agro.

© Read the model. What does the writer want tobe done about the use of wild animals

"Most animals at ao used in Grues are card ho wi, They aro taken ana rem the

3. The miematonaly famous Ch

PAIRS Hos the writer convinced you that animas should not be wed in creuses?
Which argument in partir convinced you?

ED vr

un a

Read the model again, Take notes in the chart.

— —
SS =
ee ei
EEE mean
ee AA

Eta ES

=

danna nen
D a paint

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING persuasive essay, using emotional language
O aint en
sro Gessner ie gin oe

+ abandoning or mistreating pets hunting animals
+ deforestation and/or development of + keeping animals in 2005,

land where many wild animals ve = testing products on animale
+ factory forming + wearing fur or leather

© Pains Discuss yourideas.
Tm going to write about fctny farming, The animals on fctry farms are

4 WRITE PR

tea first rat of a persuasive essay about an animal Sur strongi Hang strong,
fight issue. Remember to use strong, emotional language, —_2%atvesttement of postion

heile polo in your opening sentence wal
Von im ay Ban a model immediately draw readers in.

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

PEER REVIEW Read your partners essay. Answer the questions.
+ Does the essay give a strong position onthe topic?
+ Doesit stat strong, with a clear leading sentence?
+ Aro suliciont supporting examples given?
+ Does the essay use strong, emotional language?
+ sth essay persuasivo o you? Do you have suggestions for improving i?
© REVISE Write another daft based on the feedback you got from your part

@ PROOFREAD Check the spelling, grammar, and punctuation in your essay Then read!

“through again for overall sense fin ican ven reus]
vs EE

www. frenglish.ru

Y PRES SEINE OF INVASIVE SPECIESIN Animate

© CONSIDER THE PROBLEM Many WESTERN CANADA © meri Matos
invasive species threaten various
ecosystems aftr being invoduced
bby accident suchas when goods are
shipped from one county or another,
ordeliberately,forexample, when 1
people adopt dangerous pets but ater 4
release thomin the wld. Review AO
chart and circle the conect answers. E Tr Ta SE E

1. Insects and spiders are more likely t be an invasive species because they
a. cromlgrestdistances — ba areshippedwihgonds — « can aways ily
2. Forfishto be considered invasivo in lakes, they probably —

a. are dropped by birds b. ative om oceans © Kiloffother fish
3. Probably the easiest species 1 find and remove ae.
a. spiders birds mammals

© mn cmCaUY Discuss why some creatures are more ely than others to become
invasive species. Tako partner.
FIND A SOLUTION Consider the data, the problem, and possible solutions in small groups.
Stop 1 Brainstorm Tink of 3-5 ideas to help avoid the spread of nonnative species that
can destroy age ecosystems

Stop 2 Evaluate Choose the bos solution.
Stop 3 Present Explain the bost solution tothe lass. Roferto the dato to suppor your ideas

2 REFLECT AND PLAN
Look back rough the unit. Check (4) he things you Whatwillyoudoto lean

learned, Highlight the things you need to lean. the things you highlighted?
Spesting conversion Language Cokes
braves Du D nent
Dot ‘ecomloaion | land es E
simalvdeos whunyudent pete nouns =
Dose ml | MMM | ue E
un Re fee oon
ee Des ato |
ee es own and
EE =] ae
Dee Fram
ero
nes ings Drain
E =
Dies

BEER u;

werfen

(5 IS THIS GOING

) To WORK?

TALK ABOUT STARTING A SMALL BUSINESS

CARLA LUGO

1 VOCABULARY Words related to starting

© Read the information about starting a business.
Which peints are generally good, or positive, for stating a business? Which ae not?

CE

LANGUAGE CHOICES Reported speech patterns

@ Road the example sentences. Circle the reporting verb and underline the information that
is being reported. Then write the example numbers next tothe correct patern in the chat

Example sentences
1. John's friend told him that his business might flop,
2. They talked about hiring some more employees.

3. Weasked the off ce assistant to contact the supplier about the missing invoice,
ed to come up with

4. Our investors aid we 2 new ideas.
5. Marko decided not to create a now expense report

5. suggest not forming a partnership a this time.

iom worted that his company might not break oven this you
8. Dana reassured us we be inthe black again soo.

Reported speech pattern Example sentences
+ that) + douse
+ direct object + that) + clause

subject + reporting verb + (not infinitive

+ direct object + (not) infinitive

© Dante masing oft sance chungo when you change th potent

Mika suggests tracking our cash low with this new app.

BE vrs

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL Ea
‘Pasa Read the conversation skill Then listen Write the words the

‘woman uses to show interest in the conversation pas
1 Se al ‘show someone

in your partner's ideas by using the words and sounds rom the ae

conecto sl box ré

4 CONVERSATION
‘Pass Listen. What do Carla and Kate talk about?

@ ru Liston again. Answer the questions.
1. How did Cars friend get state in the food:truck business?
2. What challenges did she encounter?
3. Why do you think Kate says, “ll be happier to eat this knowing hat they didn't

pos Listen, Complete the conversation.

Kats: Ti di! Youre knows at eh ng
Cue pan don frische cuted
tht a tht salda? et how ch coal once
Fr
pa ta
Car: Ae iso prota now at
e int bo ng seconde

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Imagine that you are going to form a partnership and open a new business
together What kind of business wil be? Write some ideas for your business plan

Type of business | Supplies / Equipment | Type / Number of employees | Location / Space

© GROUPS Share your business plan with another group. Make a is of the biggest
challenges for each business.
A: For our restaurant to be successful well need to lease à bulding ina central area,
and hat wall be expensive
B: Right
‘A; Well need to ask someone to lend us,

PS

TALK ABOUT INVENTIONS

CARLA LUGO

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN o

© PARS THINK Brainstorm 5-7 modern inventions
Which ones do you think are the most useful?

© e501 VOCABULARY Look at the words and listen to
the sentences. Do you know these words?

a sketch
scribble

tinker
‘90 broke

land
an entrepreneur

pitch
publicity

ite

lad
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Changes in reported speech p

© oad the example sentences with quoted speech and reported speech. Then ice the
correct words to completo the rules inthe chart

Ho aid, manto land aj in Japan

Ho sid thathe wanted to land job napa.

She sid, "Running a businessishard work

They said, Were working on something now

She sid that running a business hard work
“They sid they were working on something new

She sai
Ho sic My sister was sketching ios

Ttinkered wit the settings

She sid she had inkered wth the settings.
Ho sid that his sister had been sketching idos

She asked, Mave you gotten any lucky breaks?”

She asked moif/ whether had gotten any lucky breaks.

They asked, "Hed you pitched the idea before?

“They asked if/ whether we had pitched the iden before

Ho asked, Where wi you advrtso?”

“He asked us where we would adverse,

Lose hor “How ean you gain pub

tod hor how she could gain pub

He sid, Be song, Don't give up.

He said o be strong and not to give wp.

+ When reporting situaton from before the time of speaking, change / don't change the ver.

+ When reporting a general truth, change / don't change the

+ Change verbsin the present form to the past/ modals when reporting a situation
from the past.

+ Can becomes cant / could, and will becomes would / were

+ Change the word orderin statements / questions

+ Introduce Yos/ No questions with that for whether, and information ques
a question word.

+ Change imperatives to gerunds/ infinitves.

+ Change the pronoun we to they /us,and the pronoun Ito he or she / they or we.

I with that /

© Whar changes need to be made to rewrhe this sentence as reported speech?
Before started my own business, my parents asked mo, What do you think you need to de
before you can become a successful entrepreneur

ss vs

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION nenn

sas iia Themestinponantwordin sentence ecee sentence
Dee Sue Atthebegining o convertion sentence
© sto oia how he bold words sos son othe Denon a re à
Se end. en ten nd ropest. "oun ve, adjective, or adver, Words representing new
io al Infometon toreo sentence ares
à new mbes die

pronunciation ote

‘A: Where‘ your Uncle? ln the lost podcast we tated.

B: Inthe klichen. He's tinkering with his The inventor sold it for almost à ion dollars.
new meatless Birger.
‘A: A veggie burger? But there are already so many.
ss Listen. Circle the words that have sentence stress.

1. My uncle is going tothe stadium next week. There's à convention for inventors
2. He's taking his veggie burgers. Someone might wantto investin them,

A Liston, Whatisthe topic ofthe pod? | Lana pan pace
© isn Read the Listening Skil Read the questions | Fai anand undone
below. Focus on answering the questions asyou | mon joe oka er
listen to the introduction ofthe podeast again.
1. What isa Ring door?
2. Who is Ben Thompson?
3. Who Jamie imino?

‘bss Listen again. Take notes about Siminofs story.

How he got the idea:

lu
many gt
‘The end of the ston

PAIRS REACT Do youthink luck orhard work was more important to Siminoff success?
Explain your point of view.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© THINK You have invented a now product. Prepare to convince investors to back

EVALUATE In groups, presen your products When not presenting evaluate your
classmates’ product. Consider how expensive the product would be to make and
how easy would bet sel Decide which products you vil und and explain

he
Aaa OA

PS

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN

© PAIRS THINK Think of three challenges.
facing the industries, society and

‘environment in your county. Have they been solved? If not, why not?

© #1 vocABuLARy Match the adjectives with the nouns. Then listen and check your answers

1. a diesel > project 5. Kinetic + background
2. ahydroolecti b. generator || 4 noxious £ country
3. anundorrepresented c. dam 7. developing 9. fumes
4 aninfastucturo a. community) [a adivere h. energy
>> FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 139 DEFINITIONS, PAGE 160,

LANGUAGE CHOICES Common reporting verbs

© Road the example sentences with common reporting verbs. Than match the group of verbs
with the reported speech patter in the chart. (Hint: Many verbs can take more than one
patter. The verbs in bold are used in only one pattem.)

Example sentences

1. She maintains that she wouldnt have been successful without herte

2. We recommend replacing the:

3. They instructed usto continue wi
4, [assure you that vel finish the work

reed not to use any ma

the ond of

imed to have a now solution tothe problem.

hinos that produce noxious fumo

Patterns
verb +(that)+ clause a

verb + direct object + (that) &

verb + infinitive i

verb + direct obj

infinitivo
verb + gerund .

)

Common reporting verbs

Ser Ee esa
RE ere eee
ES

instruct,

admit agree, announce, answer, claim, complain, confirm,
‘decide, deny, explain, nas, mai

propose, reply report, say, suggest
‘advice, assure, convince, inform not, persuade, promise,
reassure, remind, tl, warn

agree, atk, claim, decide, demand, offer, promise,
propose, refuse, request threaten

© wat other verbs can replace the reporting verbin this sentence without significant changing
the meaning? lt necessary 1 change the sentence pater?

‘She told us that she wanted to address bigger problems.

MS vrs

un a

3 VIDEO TALK
8 © esten or watch, Who is Josica O. Matthews?

8 © #2 Read the Note-taking Sil. Listen or watch again.
Write down key questions and take notes inthe char.

NOTETAKING SKILL

lec
+ Tate notes onthe right sde ote page
+ Aros laten, wite questioner key word on tte
1 hor summary fe mos important des athe
bottom ofthe page

What is the Sockket?

Summary

What Jessica O. Mathewss motto? What do you thnk it means?
PAIRS REACT Why do you think Matthews has received so much recognition for her work?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL as

Read the discussion skill Which ofthese phrases do you | Kay. Infact,
use in your discussions now? Halo e at. Another

5 TRY IT YOURSELF
THINK In what ways do Matthews inventions and her company benefit others?
Toke notes in the chart.
How the products
help others

How the company
helps others

© DISCUSS amalgroup talk about your ideas. Use examples. Discus the most
important way that Mathews helps other peopl.

CATEGORIZE Share the ideas om your group. Asa dass mak
‘nd longtem bonis that company ie
Mathews can ave on a commun.

PS

ous

READ ABOUT ALTERNATIVE F1

1 BEFORE YOU READ A
© PARS Are you now or have you ever considered

becoming a vegetarian? Why or why not?

© ess VOCABULARY Read and listen. Do you know these words?

anecologicalfootprint culinary abiopsy a serum
culture astomcall incubate prof
2 READ

00D:

CARLA LUGO

hurdle
recoup

PREVIEW Read the to, look a the picture, and read the caption. What do you think the

blog post willbe about?

© psss Read and listen to the blog post Was your prediction correct?

ee

rl ci. Panty, sat ss have opted ta ar cui plop Gea ne

company, Just, nc Sen

ni

$

> Athen hae cats uno say that Goan mat fr o iras ve trat matin tome ot
pac en ho coa wo a vegetarians who ay encaurages pape to continue ang ret nina of

>» ching toa hath vogta dt, Fm slopes, Eventhough came a vogue ao yr 90.
"canst erecto a ptet ens lb produces meat fr Boh peo and ras.

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according tothe article
1. What key evens in the history of clean meat research advanced its development?
2. How do chicken stom cells become “ground chicken” at Just, Inc?
3. What obstacles stand between clean meat and mass accoptance?
4. What objections do rites have to clean meat?

@ LOSE READING Reread the lines. Then celo the correct answers.
1. Inlines 6-8, howis the second sentence connacted tothe fst?
3. Riforontitos between an older idea and the one in the st
b> oxpains the origins ofthe torms presented in the fs.
€. adds more detailed information about the point made in the ist
2. Inlines 15-21, how is the second sentence connected tothe first?
a. It presents the results ofthe process described inthe fis
highlights an issue presented inthe fist.
provides a reason forthe issue described in the fist.

Road the Reading Skil. Choose a challenging except of
several ines to paraphrase. Then ow the steps below
Y. Reread the excerpt unt you fel you fly understand t

Paophrsng rest
inlrmationn your own words

2. Close your book and imagine explaining the excerpt. | The Salto pomos 0

3: Wine a paraphose ofthe excerpt Cones nd demons at

4. Exchange paraptrases vih a parner and compare | Youurdetndt raping
them wath the orginal except dio atons you ke nd ue

3, Dos your parmers prophase ocur rflectthe__"Mematon Tan sow vite
escort?

$. Isitwrten in your partner own syle and not just a
rearrangement ofthe words in the original excorpt?

© PARS summarize he biog postin 3-5 sentences.

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Imagine the government is planning to massively fund clean meat production and
completely ban the raising of animals for food. Think of positive and negative aspects of
the plan. Take notes.

© GROUPS Share your ideas and compile one list of the best pont for the plan and another
ofthe best point against it

EVALUATE In the same groups, decide together which ists the most convincing
{Choose one person to present the list tothe class.

Hm cA READ ABOUT ALTERNATIVE FOOD J
ns ER

un a

WRITE AN ONLINE REVIEW

CARLA LUGO

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE

BEE 0";

© Road about online reviews.

Everyone informally eviews things, explaining to ends and family the avantages and
csadvantages of new products and services. Reviews can be more forme, such as on
‘websites and online consumer magazines When writing à review, ts halpfulto categorie
the diferent features ofthe product-for example design, performance, and usability,

(O ead the online review. Does the reviewer recommend purchasing hi item?

‘The EverWarm Mug: Isa hot

Ip of coffee worth

How does it work?

‘amet ONE Yu mg othe ap ound is DOS ADN and e

Pricing
Here go. Ouen pro at $90.8, isis p muy But. tue at jou get what youna

PAIRS Would you buy this mug? Why or why not?

© Res the model again. Take notes inthe char.

Benefits Drawbacks
+ processof | dosent hold enough
is srighttormard . than an ordinary mug
+ cup maintains + youhaveto. it by hand
even when + 3899.99, the mugs

+ greatlooking and comes in

un a

2 FOCUS ON WRITING zs

‘catchy te dans your readers in

Read the Writing Skill Then look atthe sontences from the ales form tom about what

model. Under which subtitle docs each sentence it? Write
A,B, oF C. Check your answers against the model.

intrmation they wil ean Using
be helps organo information
nd make alert readers Bandes

‘Subtle A: How does it work? reves, long essys and report ao
Subtitle B: Design and Specs Bench kom thskin oforganzaen.
Subtite C: Pricing

1. When the cup is empty it tums sol of-a great feature.
2. Also, its a litle heavier than an ordinary mug.

3. After downloading the app, you use Bluetooth to connect your mug to the app.
4, Currently priced at 899.99, sis nota cheap mug.

5. comes ina range of rainbow colors-choote your favorite

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

4 WRITE

Write a first draft of an online review ofan innovative
Product. Remember to use ate and subtidos. Use the
review in 18 as a model

‘Choose an innovative product or service that you would lke to review. You can choose a
product rom the box or thnk of another one. Create a chart of benefits and drawbacks.
Use the chart in 10 a à model.

+ adrone = areusable notebook
+ apersonal assistant /sman speaker + amedicalchatbot
+ arabot vacuum + ahoverbosrdscooter

» aslooptrackor *_anewtransporation device

PAIRS Discuss your ideas.
Tm going to write a review ofa drone. just got my
frst one and its great

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

PEER REVIEW Read you partners review Wea aan
Answer the questions. arnes ponte Twp you
+ Isthere à cate te? debe sue thot what you have write
+ Arothe features categorized and desd isco atthe ight level formally,
marked with subtitles? and not sing ory portant
+ Arothobenehts and dawbacks ofthe product [emma
clear? _—

+ tsthere a conclusion that includes recommendation on whether or not to
buythe product?

REVISE Write another draft based on the feedback you got from your partner
PROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar, and punctuation in your roviow. Thon read it

through again for overall sens
[m | CAN WRITE AN onune REVI J

ns EMS

www. frenglish.ru

1 PROBLEM SOLVING

CONSIDER THE PROBLEM
Sometimes takes yaar for even
the greatest business ideas to
become successful, as defined
by finding a market and turning a
profit Review the chart and ice
the correct answers

Time
1. Wi probably important to have high expectations when you have a new business idos
because ts when you.
a. seethe most potential b. are unemployed need investors
2. Kt normal to have high expectations when starting a business because you
a. havelessenergy b. son fw challenges, © have had no failures
3. Abusinossperson who does net become realistic probably won't
a. bedisappointed b have asuccossful business c change jobs

THINK CRITICALLY What are some ofthe challenges of stating a now business? Do you
think most businesses go though the same cycle? Discuss with partner.
FIND A SOLUTION Consider the data, the problem, and possible solutions in smal groups.

Step 1 Brainstorm Think of one or two things entrepreneurs could do at each stage inthe
timeline 10 help ensure that thie business willbe à success.

Step 2 Evaluate Decide which ideas would provide the most support for entrepreneurs and
Assurance of success

Step 3 Present Explain the best idea tothe class. Refer to the datato support it

2 REFLECT AND PLAN

ee ELLES

Look backthrough the unit Check(V)thethingsyou Whatillyu do o lar

Es
= mn
oo EE Review the pronunciation
D Talk abouts es —
>= Be er
=
tema sgae
Sr am
=
— TE
=
=

A

6): nn

AISE?

GET STARTED

A) © MATEO ROMERO.
Le) +

TALK ABOUT COMPENSATION

MATEO ROMERO

1 VOCABULARY Words related to work

and compensation

© Look at the company brochure. Does this sound
like a place you would like to work? Why or why not?

© esa: Road and liston. Notice the words in bold

A QUEST, an ou personne eco compote wanes
an generous pu time of, as wol a Incentives such as
‘commission rst fo sales sta Pere cide a reten
crono win à igh empor contribution
But QUEST empoyoos arn js happy on payday.
Vi fe Heime fr many postions and the post o
a 0 transfor io on our hundred: flans wound the wor
aL ‘Our comment 0 oasorabe workloads and employee
y atefcion means hat we have one othe lowest tamover
A ‘ate in he buses,

Get your future started. Apply todayt

Why consider a career at QUEST?

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Subjectverb agreement: Review and expand

@ read the example sentences. Complete the rules in the cha with singulro plural

Example sentences
1. Employee satisfaction has always been our fist prio
2. Our company offers compettive wages andllots of perks. i's a great place to work

3. The educated have more economic opportunites,
4, Two weeks of vacation a year wasn't enough for him, so he changed his job.
5. Are you sure you wantto buy that phone? Athousand dollars is ot of money.
6. The United Nations is an international organization

7. The good news is that wo re gating a aise noxt month

vs always takes a vor.
Units oftime, distance volume, and money take

Collective ej

vos ike the ich and famous, always ke

P
© AIRS Discuss these questions Pay attention to subject vrb agreement in your responses.

What are the responsibilies ofa good company and good personnel?
\Whatie reasonable distance to commute to work?

un a

Add comments to sof an opinion
3 CONVERSATION SKILL

eu Read the convertion si, Then stn, | LEE armen oat sound ee
© PAIRS student A: Make a statement of opinion Aldo sy so mysol.

about your school, community, or job. Use one of
the expressions from the conversation sl box 1 soften your opinion
Student B: Agree or disagree with your partners statement

4 CONVERSATION ~
‘betes Listen. What do Mateo and Tae-ho talk about?
coe ten agi anger questions
1. Wiyisnt Mateo happy about mort ies? -”
2 What does Toho plontonogtat fr?
3 Why does Toe o ink Mateo const hav fo wor?
Lion Compete the conversation >

‘Mateo: Considering how my rent is going up, could really use a
rais right about now.

Tacho: throw! Bt thy si they ge mre mest ies, andthe
majority of us qualify.
Mateo: hope so

DD o oi

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© THINK you were going to negotiate for perks, what ae thee things you might ask fr?
Why? Take notes in the chart.

o

a

PAIRS Share your ideas. Choose the most valuable perk and explain your choice tothe cas.
‘A: Paid time of i the best job perk because it means you have more time to travel
‘and do other things beides work At least thats what | think.
B: agree thats important, but what about.

us CE

PS

1

2

K ABOUT THE GEND

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

© PAIRS THINK Brainstorm ist of jobs
‘ypicaly done by men and typically done
‘by women. What are the education and taining

requirements foreach

© eer VOCABULARY Listento the sentences.
Do you know these words?

29 equivalent bringtolight
‘factor sanitation hesitate =
workforce tend to turn down

LANGUAGE CHOICES Probability and certainty in the future

ead the example sentences wth the expressions of probability and certainty
inthe ature, Use these expressions to complete the chart

Example sentences

1. We're likely to get pay increase this year.

2. Its doubtful that the gender pay gap wil close anytime soon. Experts dont expect to
close for another 200 years,

3. Adhiennis on the verge of quiting hor job. Shel probably ind a better postion with

fe get an increase almost every er.

4 Chiara applied fr a promotion, but there's not much chance she'll got it
ay fr long 6

5. Things are bound to change soon. Theyre unlikely to stay th
6. Were certain to have a meeting tis atemoon. The company is about to make some big

Probability and certainty in the future

+ To indicate an action is imminent, or going to happen very soon, use the

+ To indicate ceraint that something wil happen at some point inthe future, use
« Toindicate some degree ol cerinty, but not 100%, use 1

+ To indicate something probably not going to happen, us;

© Look at the sentences. How certains the writer? How ean you change the future
‘expressions to show more certainty o less certainty?
Men at that company are certain to advance more quickly than women. ti highly unlikely
that this trend will change in th near future

un a

Compounds aretwo words used together with

3 PRONUNCIATION
. nom mamis or explo ware rá
Listen Read the pronunciation ote, | Sys The itword has ey sens
(O einen Notice hoary rss andhighor | 22e Pt Tha second word sis
pitch onthe words in bol. Then stenandrepeat_ “wo "da lower
1. The workforce is we pa, ovenin ent evel
postions.
2. Tho pay g0p betwoon spot staff ond
department serio large

compound ses

bidckvoard elementany schoo! wll paid jobs

‘ss Listen, Underine the compounds Place a dt over the most heal sessed syllable.
1. Many people join he workforce when they arin high school.
2. Requests for pay ase by women ae often tumed down
3. High-paying jobs are more likely to be filled by well-educated applicants.

4 LISTENING
‘Pos Listen. What isthe main idea of the podcast?

© Son Read the Listening Skil Liston again, What does | Get hat circa cito

the speaker want his istaners to do? trom an audience You needto
iner om what hey do
st Listen again. Take notes inthe char. u

Whatisthe gender pay gap?

ons the explanation
innit sulficent

PAIRS REACT How doesthe speaker fee about the gender pay gap? Do you felthe same
way? Why or why not?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF
© THINK How well do the ideas inthe podcast eat to people you know? Take notes.

© Sou Share your information. Asa group, decide whether the experience of
women you krow suggests that things ae changing or staying the same.

@ EVALUATE Present your conclusion tothe class. As à class, make some predictions
about what wll happen with the gender pay gap in your area

PS

DISCUSS WEALTH INEQUALITY

MATEO ROMERO

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN x

© PAIRS THINK Who are some ofthe richest
people in the world? How much money do.
you think they have?

© Pee VOCABULARY Look at the words and expressions and listen to the sentences
Do you know what they mean?

a disparity ‘economic downtum _levelthe playing field a haven
byleapsand bounds waive take advantage of redistibute
economie output adéress(a problem) _ crack down on

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Expressing future time

‘There aro many ways to express future time. Read the example sentences. Then match the
‘explanations with the correct verb form inthe char

Simple future with wil The government wl ily wave taxes on chldeare
expenses, but t won't go int effect unt the end ofthe year
going to level ho playing fel
[Present continuous We are meeting next week to discuss pay increases
The,
We’ be making sovoral

autor code

Simple far with bo going to | Th

ing begins at 9:00 tomorow

anges in the upcoming weeks,

Future porfoct By next your, the new tox code will have gone into ofoct

+ Tostate fu a. the simple future

reactions or make predictions, use

+ Totalk about a scheduled event in the future, use B the present
+ To show that an acton will happen before another action continuous

we € the simple present
+ To show that an action wi bein progress in the future, à. the fuure
+ Total about future plans and fixed arrangements usually e. the future perfect.

made by more than one person, use

p

Undortine the verbs. Name each tense and discuss what expresses
Lleave for Shanghai next Friday. Im attending another economics conference, I's the
third conference Iwill have atended this year, but think this one is going tobe especially
interesting, The keynote speaker willbe discussing new research on wealth inequality,

un a

3 VIDEO TALK

Read the Note taking Skil and the ttle ofthe talk
Complete the K and W columns of he chat.

You can use KWL harto hop you focus on and tin

formation toma tle Bot you ten complet the
eto column th hat you nom (ardt you
ant know (M Aer jou kt tte notes on wher you
Tesmed (in the list column

BG x Listen oc watch. Oc the speaker inude any of the information you knew or wanted
toknow?

8 9 Pw Listen or match again. Take notes in the L column ofthe chart.

© Pas REACT Were you surprised by any ofthe speaker information? Why or why nt?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL er
Rand the discusion il Which ofthese phases | peoples connor wih oer o as
do you use in your discussions now? Thats goed pane

That antes ds
{thnk ion good pot

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

{THINK Imagine you work or he government and your pater a binaire. Have a
conversation about things yu should or should dot help peopl
‘eosin the chor

in poverty. Wie your

| should

© DISCUSS In small groups, talk about your ideas. Make a ist of persuasive arguments about
‘what governments and wealthy people should or shouldn't do to address wealth inequality.

@ EVALUATE Share your most persuasive arguments wth the class, Come toa consensus
about the op three actions that should be taken or aveided.

PS

READ ABOUT A JOB MARKET TREND

MATEO ROMERO

1 BEFORE YOU READ 3 ago
+

© PARS How important to you are rate of pay,
physical working conditions, possibilities for
Advancement, a flexible schedule, and employee benefits?
Rank them from 1 (most important) to 5 {last important}.

O vow Read and sten. Do you know these words?
disciplined an advocate sidestep streamlined site up
the adventof sweeping tholionsshare of — indispensable — a prerequisite

2 READ

Read the ttl, look atthe picture, and read
the caption. What do you think the article is about?

© ses? Read and sten to the article Was your
prediction correct?

PROS AND CONS OF THE GIG ECONOMY

worker who cant stand a boss breathing down their necks or
the ares of conforming to corporate culture Must be comfortable with
Unsteady workloads and no benef. your independent, isciined,
and desr aflouble schedule to create your ideal work balance and
«make oom for your interests and passions, app} nom!

<<

destin sbaonig in ei econony
IF sounds good to you, out notalene means no more waseul employee downtime

singly, people choose morro work es company pasiblyenhanding corporate produc.

pce ond into take on work one gig Nevertheless workers rights advocates are
(temporary project ata ime as freelancers or suspicious of these swooping changes To them
temporary sta Gig wok ismare accessible than” he gig economy isa gravely concaring trond that

rks tothe advent of online platforms such as cou endenger over 1
connecte driers with people who need oder
<orporaionswiahtocosby employees as

freelancers with chota), and TakRabbe (ch Independent contactor: primary to sop paying
5 workers weh people who need everyday” fortheirinsurance, save on taxes deste mago

According to Stafing Industry Anahts. Jays and avoid deabng with workers unions

Ine, this expanding global economic sector

represents as many as 20 percent of workers and

perhaps $37 tion ans.

The gig economy also hs some desirable aspects

for companies. Providing employees weh bons

also reason for smal business tobe

nod Inthe gi economy not ony are fowor
ing on hl work wih acompa

15 are hugely in demand In his situation

andheulhinsuranee Balog por ofcopor Anka Mur fie walle endend
udgets Ago orkapprohelminates much Candidates Somo companies ovo Lou mart
clttatburden Moreover ony hringwarterswah Shoe to stesmined go wert pam for

ile needed to mor on can datnedtaxks ample bors mpañon ecos contri]

un a

>
sich larger enterprises can deal with more easly Wah ony yourself tory on the task of sing up
han smaller ones can. Adana in Stusions and sking the ight questions à yours

12 the gig economy, soon use assemble alone. Second top gig workers need the sl
team offeslancerslvingin dllorentregons or toughtby corporate human resource department,
‘countries; however, keeping geographically Such asa postive attude, communication sls,
‘persed team running smooth can invoke teamwork and filet work procedures Third,

adéional administrative staf sokwaretools.or inc yeu be handling your own tasos cavngs,

ss Financial incentives Tis more dffclforsmaller and budgets a good understanding of francesa
‘companies ich have ir budgets bas presquist. you need brushing up in these
Forbeterorforwors.the gig economy appears as might be time 1 take some online courses
Lo be here say bere gig moin your fus, You can face the erce competion of the gig
hot ao à feu keyskilsyoulineedtothne-Fist, Cconomy mith confdence.

ua cial thinking sis and logic are incisponsabl.

Read the Reading Skil. Then reread the article

a ren

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING sn opproémaion opinion or im. By
‘ecognaing hedging you wil vod aking
‘Answer the questions according tothe article, thing sa confmes fast when not
1. Whattrend does the phrase gig economy
forte?

2. In what wo ross can firms benoftin th gig oconomy? How can they do 02
2 Why are workers rights advocates woted about the hito the gig economy?
A. What slot are necessary to thrive in the gig economy?

© Lose READING Reread the lines. Then ci

1. What does the sontonee in ines 45-49 imply about Uber?
a. Its losing market shar 10 streamlined gig-work platforms

le the correct answers.

Bis taking marketshare from local taxi companies
+. is fighting to save market share for local taxi companies,

2. In lines 59-63, how is the second sentence connected tothe first?
3. points out an exception b, provides an explanation c. supplies a comparison

PAIRS Summarize the article in 3-5 sentences,

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK How does gig work compare to traditional employment in terms of pay, physical
working conditions, benefits, career path, scheduling, and work fe balance? Take notes.

© GROUPS Discuss gig work versus traditional employment for young, middle-aged, older,
married, and single people.

best and worst aspects of gig work.

EVALUATE Inthe same groups, decide together on t
Choose one person to present your ideas tothe class

[CAN READ ABOUT AJOB MARKET TREND J
urn FER

un a

WRITE A COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAY

MATEO ROMERO
1 BEFORE YOU WRITE q nm

@ rend about compare and contas essays

A compare and contrast essay looks at two diferent things or ideas and analyzes the
<imilartis and/or differences botwoon them. s00ks to draw readers’ attention tothe
{advantages and disadvantages of each side, allowing readers to determine which idea
ispreforablo.

© ead tre model what wo things isthe wer comparing? What are some advantages
ofeach side?

The Great Jobs Debate: Passion vs. Pay

Wiking tip
lts O€ yeudorfiknen your
your fest dea Wiring proc of
they eel about the ee
body paragraphs

NN

un a

FOCUS ON WRITING

+ ring Se atemionto the Wing Skil Read aloud

+ Prove an example of parallel srucum. Wate onthe
‘bord: she passionate about gara the gender
pay gap and dacrasing weath inequaliy Sy, This
Sentence uses paral cure. The same grammatical
dorm (enand)isused for both ideas

+ ol Sa that paral suce con happon at
haci or sentence ove,

3_PLAN YOUR WRITING

word

2 Tells to reread the tein 18 and underine examples
of parallel structure Point outıhat a common ay
Jon parallel structures is wth the ne of coordinating
“onjuntons, such os and or ar.

+ in pais, have Ss compare thei answers.

+ Callon Seo read loud an oxample of parallel
“cire fom the ario. or gach ak, Whos tho
‘grammatical form hat repeats? El the answer.

© feed the inaruatons aloud, Ge Se ime to analyse

the situation individual

+ Suggest Ss choose rele jobs to represent whatis
perlect and not perfect or hem.

+ Hove Ss draw heirown chart sing the chan in 10 as
‘model

+ Have Se complete the char wth thrown ideas. Ak
‘hem nude atleast to pros and cons or ch job.

+ Provide feedback on vocabulary and spelling
necessary Encourage Sstouse a dictionary

+ in pairs hove Suse thei notes othe tums sharing
information about ther options

+ Read the example conversation aloud with a higher
level tud

+ Encourage Sto ak followup question and
challenge har partners o think about more pros and
‘consforeschstuation

4 WRITE
“+ Rood the instructions aloud Tel Sousa the notes the adraniages and disadvantages ofeachede, nd
Inthe char rom 3Ato wrt the fst roof her the nal paragraph sates her poston
compare and contrast ss + Remind Ss that ti, OK thy ar no lear on thoi
+ Reming thom t use the sa in 18 asa model (onen when they start wring tho first dae
Encourage them to fall a mir suero, where Telmo explore the fren das the body
‘paragraph Y introduces the two ideas hat ae being paragraphs and leave the conduson fora
‘ompred and contraste paragraphs 2 and 3 prevent
5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT.
+ Read the questonsin ho peer review Is aoud, Soy, » Hove Ss give eachother feedback Encourage them

Make suo you answer ach one ofthese questions
carol based onthe information in our partners
compare and convo essay

+ Arango Ssinmmined ev! pais. Ask them 1 exchange
andre eachother es.

+ Give Se plenty of tne to complete ther peer seien.
Remind Se nat toons on deta sucha paling,
‘roma, and punctuation unt ltr drat

+ Walkaround a Ss work ad provide help s necessary.
Chock hat Se feedback s comect and const,

+ When appropiate, ask toindude examples to
support their answers Fr example, when the question
as here ore examples of perl suture,
encourage S nott jus sy Jos but to alo Tat some
‘ramps of his kind of language. Encourage Sto
‘iggestadetonal sentonce where hoi partner
‘ould ue paral sucre o make their wring more
ent and ease to red,

“+ When Ss have anwored athe questions, ak them to
give ie essay back os author

[=]

MZA vo

to sk cocon questons

+ Give Sim o review the partners feedback and
make corecions Have them wre nother dah based
‘nthe information

+ Inv volunteers to share wth the clas any
suggestions ht were parier use

+ Hav Ss revaw their vr india ee mes fiat
or palin thon fo rama and nal lor punción.

+H many edits were made, encourage 51 rewrite à
ean version of thar essay, then read rough again
loroveallsense

=>:

PAIRS Do you agree with the weiters conclusion? Why or why not?

Read the model again. Take notes in the chart.

‘Choosing ajob basedon || Choosing ajob based on
Pros Cons Pros Cons
= thejobwillmake ]- fewerjobs = bettersalay [less
you happy = lower lose ——
= you will not = youmight get
—____ | fewer - amero pure | ——
- notalwayseasy || outside of yourjob
to figure out what
your passionis

2 FOCUS ON WRITING

Rod the Witing Ski. Thenrereed | Pricing mens pete mo

Yo model Under the cc

parallel structure. items or ideas throughout your essay makes the writing
fom. endesa

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

Imagine that you have to choose between two jobs. One job sounds lke the perfect job,
but ou would have to move fr away. The other job is ot your perfec job, but you can
stay in your hometown. Create a chart to compare and contrast the two options
Use the chat in 1D asa model

PAIRS Discuss your ideas.

‘A: wouldit want to move far away | would choose a job closer to home
B: | can see benefits to both sides.

4 WRITE

Wite ars eat ofa compare and contrast essay about choosing à job far away versus
choosing ajob doser to home. Remember to use parallel structure Use the essay in
18 asa model

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT
PEER REVIEW Read yout partners essay. Answer the questions

+ Does the essay clearly present the two sides being compared?

+ Are the advantages and disadvantagos of each side presented in the body paragraphs?
+ Are thre examples of parallel structure?

+ Does the writer cometo a clear conclusion?

© revise Write another draft based on the feedback you got fom your partner.

PROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar, and punctuation in your essay. Then read it

ns ER

un a

Unemployment Percentages,

1 PROBLEM SOLVING Based on Education Level
emperor)
@ CONSIDER THE PROBLEM Education can be eee PS

ificutto obtain time-consuming, and expensive,
but itcould ead to beter employment opportunites.

Henson cre CE

How can students know how far they should go. re
in their education? Review the chart and circle the oi]
correct answers. Meters epee EEN
1. Someone with less than a high school diploma ano —|

is 2/10/ 3.5 times as likely to be unemployed modo HEHE

than someone witha PAD degree.
2. Having less education means that there may be more
cooperation in / competition for / confrontation about job
3. Professional degrees may make someone more employable than à PhD because they
prepare people for work that's more practical / theoretical interesting
© Trini cRmiCALty 1 education always the most important factor for good employment
‘opportunites? What other factors are important? Talk wth a partner.
@ FINO A SOLUTION Consider the data, the problem, and possible solutions in small groups.
‘Step 1 Brainstorm Think of 3-5 ressons for or against geting additional education.
Step 2 Evaluate Choose the best solution. Consider a variety of jobs and othe factors for
increasing employment opportunites
‘Stop 3 Present Explain the best soutien tothe lass. Refer tothe data to suppor your ideas.
2 REFLECT AND PLAN
Look back through the unit Check (Y) the things you) Whatwillyou do to learn

learned, Highlight the things you need to ear. the things you highlighted?
Spas Promnésion Dissen

Objectives Does D monde

Diakon pos ner <i om

any nue

E =
psa a
See) ou O
ces

=

soy Wing
card langngechoces Dunes
ne Dame mie
Sn eme
Connor end
Cac commms | tsb ant
San ana
Es ie
Diewrsing

ES nis

A

( WHAT ARE YOU
7) GOING TO DO
ABOUT IT?

GET STARTED |
E ESRA KARA
E A

1 VOCABULARY Words related to social sono
advocacy à es
© Lock at ho website. What kinds of sues do you
think the rise money for?
© ess Read and Hato, Notice the words in bold

A4 Ain Now Campaigns Le co le yo rise awareness à os
the causes you care about. Our team has ton years of experience ir:

socal media fundraiers {We help you o vi TEE
tas too loteo get ourcommuniiy 7

"con rack ButAcon Now helped /

engaging celebrity advocates (Check our post
RR ose some fon faces)

finding sponsors in he business community
(Gig businesses make big changer)

e can sf a ouwrers]

To volunteer for an existing campaign, or just t kick in some money, goto our

D> FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 185 / DEFINITIONS, PAGE 162

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Passive voice: Form and use

© Road the example sentences. Then comple
More than one answer may be correct.

the rule by circling the correct answers.

Example sentences
1. The homeless shelters sponsored by local businesses

A fundraior is being held to raise money forthe huricane victims

oral media sources.

Contributions ean be made on our wobsito.

2
3. Advocates forthe charity have been featured in so
5. Alot of clothes get donated tothe shelter

Theagent ithe
Passive voice: Form and us performs the acon

+ Use the passive voice when the agent nat known / ated by aver. The

‘obvious or unimportant / missing. sen he ie

+ To form passive sontonces uso a form of be get / have
and the past partcple.
+ Ina passive sentence, the object ofthe active verb becomes the agent /focus /subject
of the passive verb
+ Passive voice occurs only in the past tense in al tenses/ only in simple verb tenses.

P
feat the ertnce Why do you Nk the wit used th passive voca? Where would you
pect oe creer sche erhance? Can fe somtan be changed to ace ok?

rent was brought t the issue.

DZ u";

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL rn

et Read the conversation skill Then listen. Does | Athoughr group s set of several words
the second speaker listen forthe gap beton that together à phrase o sentence
thought groups before interrupting? Cri Ys or No. | Ad teruptnga pesky ang
ae ne Eon nc ola
2. Yes/No 5. Yes/No ia
3. Yes/No

© PAIRS student A: Talk about a cause that you think important, for example, ho
‘environment, poverty, health, education, or the ats, Student: Listen and respond with
statements or questions. Be sure to wait for gaps between thought groups.

4 CONVERSATION
rere Liston, What do Esta and Hiro talk about?

© besas Liston again. Answer the questions.
1. What does Esra think about the fundraiser?
2. Why does Hiro think the fundraisers worthwhile?
3. What do you thnk the phrase “glas half ful” means?
4. What does Hiro mean when he says, "Got 1 put my money where my mouth is"?
‘Peta Listen, Complete the conversation.
Esra: You haven't heard about t's
that was started by a group that fights

homelesaness. Abunch of people ae walking
a hundred kilometers on June 30th.

Hiro: Oh yeah

Esra: You know, they gat friends
thom per kilometer, and then hey e all going
to post photos along the way and allthat

Æ ties tink cid se something about tat.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Make ais of charity challnges and other und
and then describe them.

rs that you have heard about

© Discuss share the information rom your chat Tak about why fundraiser are
ces or ot succesful Remember 1 listen for pauses sou partners,
Speak toaved interrupting,

PS

BET vr

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN o

© PAIRS THINK Sometimes people find >
important news stories on their cell phones.
Why might people preferto watch news on their
‘phones than on other devices?

© Pere VOCABULARY Look at the words and listen tothe
sentences. Talk to a partner about what these words mean,

feed abystander consume clckbait
breaking breakdown afraud. biased
footage accompany agite a perspective

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Passive voice: Reporting structures

© ead the example sentences and match them with the sentence patterns Then cle the
words to complete the les inthe chart.

Example sentences
1. Itwas thought that ctizens would play a roleinthe production of professional news
2. Ithas been announced the story isnot tue.

3. The storyieknown tobe a rumor,

4. Abystander is belived to have captured a video on hor phone.

5. The joumalstis expected to be interviewing local rsidonts a his time.

The footage is said to have been filme
Arien

population is presumed to be accompanied by a rise in rime.

Passive voice: Reporting structures
Pattem

Example sentence

+ le passive reporting verb (+t

+ clause
+ Subject + passive reporting verb + infinitivo
+ Subject + passive reporting verb + tobe + ing

Subject + passive reporting verb + to have +
past participle
1. The reporting verb may be past tense ony / any verb tense,

To be + ing shows the reported action ie simultaneous with / previous othe reporting.
To have + past participle shows the reported action is simultanacus with / previous to
the reporting.

© ook atthe pairs of sentences Which sentences sound more profesional? Explain why
passive voice isusefl in reporting news stories

‘Tey say thatthe doctor was fraud. | Everybody knows those apps are ful of lckbait
Iris said thatthe doctorwasafraud. | Those apps are known t be ul of cickbait

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION | Pronuncitionof-ate endings

Tre ate endng, atin advocate and grade,
es Listen. Read the pronunciationnote, pronounced leery depending onmbetortho
Words ued a web ore noun or adjective At
@ Pen Liston. Notice the pronunciation of verb ening. ates pronounced tt! 10 oct
ate in the underlinedwords.Thenlisten nal Aza noun or ace eninge à
and repeat reduced tot an cine AO

Citizen joumalism fascinates me. Climate change isan immediate problem
She's going to graduate soon. ‘She'sin graduate school
They advocate for mare objective news. | He's an advocate of digital newspapers

‘Pert Listen. Circe the words where ate is pronounced at
1. Why dowe read social media news when tis known to exaggerate or be inaccurate?
2. Can we depend on social media companies to regulate inappropriate content?
3. How can checking atemate sources ofa news story help you evaluate it truth?

4 LISTENING
‘borat Listen. What isthe topic ofthe podcast?
Spesters sometimes we tone of
@ wis Read the Listening Skil Listen again. The speaker | {eat thatthe dont
‘ses tone of voice o indicate that one sentenceisn'ttrue. unt somthing true en

‘Check the sentence that the speaker doesn't belive
DO 1. Thousands of bloggers and vioggers could be described as cizen journals.
2 Research shows this fuit can cure cancer.

O 3. Citizen journaismis hereto stay.

sr Listen again. Take notesin the chat.

What citizen joumalist do:

‘Why people enjoy zen journalism

iit
‘Conclusion

© PARS REACT Do you agree with the speaker hot cer journalism ishareto stay"?
Why or why not?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Consider a breaking news event, for example a glant storm or a fir. How might its
na si if
coverage bya citizen joumalist be diferent from that of a professional? Make notes.

© DEBATE In groups, choose an event and take sides for and against citizen journalism
as à means of reporting oni Decide which sde has the strongest arguments.

@ ANALYZE As à class, make a it ofthe most important advantages and disadvantages. SE

of cizen journalism. Support your ideas with
any oxamples you knowoffrom al ie. AAAS

PS

DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN x

@ AIRS THINK What kinds of information =
spread rapidly on social media? Why?

© born VOCABULARY Look at the words and expressions and listen tothe sentences
Do you know what they mean?

afıd provoke — convey spread ik wildfire at (the ver least
‘phenomenon empathy _selfexprestion a postive force

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Passive infnitives and caus

© Road the example sentences. Then read the rules inthe chart. Are the statements true (7) or
false (FP Correct the fale rules

Example sentences: passive infintives
he polarbear continues to be widely used in ad campaigns
rat message do you vantto be conveyed inthis ad?
fe didnt expect tho joke to be shared outside our ofice
on.
5. Emma i thrilled to have been chosen to present at he conference.

1. The photo o
2

a
&. The poltiian was upset tobe featured inthe new

6. Many false stories appear to have been started on social media platforms
7. Hor profile seems not to have been updated for many years.

Example sentences: causatives

8. We recently had our website updated with a more modern look

9. You need to get this story fact-checked by an exper.

ve infinitive

+ In passive infintves and causativos, is necossary to mention the agent.

causatives

+ We use passive infinitos ator adjectives or verbs that go with infinies.
+ An adverb can be placed between to be and the verb to describe the infinitive

+ We can make negative statements by using not with the main verb ar by adding not
before the infinitive.

+ Use to have been + post participle to show that an action is happening now.

Passive causatives with get or have express the idea thatthe speaker will ask someone

se to perform the action.
[>> Fon PRACTICE PAGE 145]

© Whatistho difference betwoon those sentences?

This story needeto be reviewed Weneed tohave thisstoryreviewed,

un a

3 VIDEO TALK = €
8 © wo Listen orwatch. What is the speaker's main den?

8 © Perssead the Note taking Skil. Listen or watch again.
Take notes in the chat.

NOTETAKING SKILL

Vihatis the speaker's point about the polar bear meme?

© PARS REACT Do you ever share memes ike the ones mentioned in the video?
Why or why not?

euro
4 DISCUSSION SKILL

Read the discussion ski, Which ofthese phrases do you

use in your discussions now? E

5 TRY IT YOURSELF
(THINK Recall wo or three memes you have seen or have heard about. How would you

‘explain their meanings? What do you know about them (or example, how they got started,
hou long they've been around, or how they ae used)?

@ Discuss In small groups, talk about and, if possible, show your memes. Ave any of them
related to important topics, or would you categorize them as sill"?

[ANALYZE Based on the memes you discussed, do you think the speakers right about
the need to be cautious about sharing them? Discuss your ideas with the class. you
want to interupt, be sure to do so politely

www lin

READ ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU READ .

© PARS Is thee a place nearyouwith an air
palution, water pollution, or trash problem?
hat anything, is being done about t?

© pene vOCABULARY Read and listen. Do you know these words?

sown with —haulin bear genderneutal novel
alleguard — daunting settle on custom rest on your laurels
2 READ

© PREVIEW Road the to, look a the picture, and read the caption
What do you think the article willbe about?

Per Read and listen tothe article. Was your prediction corect?

4ocean: A Solution to Plastic Pollution

somos ae cling the bch and can of ag
plas pai Fat ear anda ont a

Theo swung eepreneur vor taking om à tra OF the money
loin Feud hana operation and 1

Anm leet ees by com rate ming

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according tothe article
1. How would clearing plastic from the ocean affect beach cleanup and fishermen in Bali?
2. How has plastic trash inthe ocean become such a huge problem?
3. Before starting up, how did they plan to reach a large number of people?
4. What does the way docean’s money is used say about the owners’ priorities?

© LOSE READING Reread the ines. Then cele the corect answers.
1. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the sentence in Ines 13-16?
a. They wore inspired t think of profitable business models
b. They wore inspired by business models that made paste profitable.
2. Which sentence i closest in meaning tothe sentence in ines 52-557
a. Despite their great sucess, hey stil think number one is within reach
b. They are ambitious to grow their company and aspire 10 be number one.
Read the Reading Skil. Complete theflowchar [EZ
¡sl singe eine la tin ana ant Creating a process ow chart can help you
launch ofthe docean startup, let on th steps no process and organizo
your thoughts by making them vil, The
ep arousal writen in rectangulr boxes
Connected by rows.

© PARS Summarize the anic in 3-5 sentences

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Consider an environmental cause that you are interested in Why sit important and
what needs tobe done to improve the station?

© cours Talle group about the cause and your approaches) to dealing witht Ask the
group o contribute suggestions.

EVALUATE Choose one environmental cause withthe best suggestions and have one

‘person present the ideas tothe cass.
[| CAN READ ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS J
v7 CE

www. frenglish.ru

WRITE A PETITION

ESRA KARA

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE Sowa
© Bend about pettions = ;

‘A potion formal writen request submited to an author such as a governmentor

a priate company Ptos ask or a pariclor action tobe taken the tes of the pt.

includes the reasoning behind the request Potions can be cculted as paper documents
oronine, and they are usually signed by many people who suppor the ation to be taken,

© Road the model. Whats the action thatthe writer i requesting?

Save our state park!

8 concerne czas of ine Springs. we all pon ur yt rejecthe

‘development plan fra kin reso ne the enone tthe Pine Springs

Fores Ste Park

fine Spings Development Company hs submited plansto erect anew

‘ing resort dreciy acres romthe entrance othe forest park The

rcp navn twig ut menor |

Vil lo have oust nie. ight polio, and garbage, Ahienaly he xo Buti aly hat moe
‘development wl fellow 1 athe tout demand or more serves such o shop nd restaurants

‘The Sat Pak has Long been a protected willie area. home to many species frs and other animas
thatcannolongerbe found elena ne sate In paral los popultons of foes, des and oar
{ores mammal would be testoned bythe cress of vac nthe re. The hiking and ing a hough
the forest would become overused and fut maintain. And the vstinereaseof yest in an ares where
{he road irnarow sed tasting, th noble ane would be dangerous or both cys ad drivers:
Furthemare us inside te border ofthe Sat acs the reservoir om which several aurounding towns get
‘hei king wate: Developing near island woud potently impact how lan our water my.
Wie we ae proud te be ak Her tute and support the ide offering reso o bits we feel hat
{hei simply not the ght locaton ork Alternative locations must be researched and considered

PAIRS Isthe petition effective? Would you sign this petition? Why or why not?

© Bead the model again. Take notes in the char.
General problems dueto more tourists
Mere and garbage rom tourists

= Need for such as shops and restaurants
Tale would become. andhard io

| Nero wii, would be trcsosed
anger for and = would tenen protected
> Couldimpact insurounding towne ae
Horm to people Horm to wii

ss o

un a

2 FOCUS ON WRITING

again. Azo these sentences
‘examples of formal or

‘emotional language? And amus indude any information that ether audience needs to know.
Check(/) your answers,

Emotional
1. Asconcemed citizens of Pine Springs, we call upon [a]

our cy to ojecttho development plan fora biking resort

2. Pine Springs Development Company has submitted plans
to erect a new biking resor direct across from the entrance
torte forest park

3. Butthoy are underestimating the impact twill hove.
The State Park has long been a protected wildife ares.

5. Atemative locations must be researched and considered!

ooo oof

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

Choose anissve, ether local or global. which you would like to petition for or against.

Create a char to organize your ideas. Use the char in 1D asa model

© Pains Discuss your ideas

Theresa really dangerous road crossing downtown. | want to stat a petition
to add a trafic light anda croswalk

4 WRITE writing tip
Sometimes you have to write on behalf oh
Wirte a first raft ofa petition. Remember to group A petiton's good example of
consider your audience. Use the petition in 18 this you ae the paron writing make
Sen dal sue you discuss your dese fest with othe

interested paria, This way you can be sre
to reflect everyones dos ond consider all

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT | imporant spa othe opi

PEER REVIEW Read your partners potion. 7
“Answer the questions
+ Doesthe petition provide sold evidence in support ofthe cause?
+ Doesithave both emotionallanguage and formal language?
+ Does itncude al ho necessary information that al readers would need?
+ Docs the ending sum up the important points?
+ Wore you convinced to support this cause?

REVISE Wate another daft based on the feedback you got from your partner.

PROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar, and punctuation in your petition.
Thon read through again for overall sense

www. frenglish.ru

“Thinking about who wl ad your tig help you determine choices
such arlomalty and emotions appeal a wel as whatnormaton
Fou choose to clude. pettion a idem of wing wah wo
Audences the signer ofthe pin andthe authoty to whom the
petiton submited Therefore, must be both emotoral an ermal

ooo a

vor? CE

1 PROBLEM SOLVING

© CONSIDERTHE PROBLEM People today gether
news quickly roma lot of diferent sources but not

‘Where People Get Their Digital News
CE

DS

all sources ar as reliable and accurate as others,
Review the chart and circle the correct answers

Maras
1. The most reliable news is likely to be pa
from ies

a. news websites
8. online searches
social media

2. People ae likely to do online news searches in order to find

a. more details PB. old stories © fun foots
3. People ae likely to ak for mobile alerts on now stories thataro
oversees b. forgotten © ongoing

© THiviccamicaLty Why do you think some news sources are more or less reliable
and accurate than others? Discuss wth a partner. |

FIND A SOLUTION Consider the dat, the problem, nd possible solutions in small groups.

Step 1 Brainstorm Think of 3-5 ways that wo can make sure that the news we get is liable
and accurate.

‘Step 2 Evaluate Choose tho bos solution. Consider the problems that can be caused when
news is not reliable or accurate,

Step 3 Present Explain the best olution tothe clas. Referto the data to suppor your des.

2 REFLECT AND PLAN

Look back through the unit. Chock) the things you
learned. Highlight the things you ned o learn.

© what wi you de to lean
the things you highighted?

uch Dites O Posie voce

D rt trove Fem suse <
matings MOTE] ane ie: =
das peta inde app doe ton

Doro Pornos Ene] Ziman sc
pe EA Proruncatonel Cy prone’ ban ora,
euro ES = en

a =

A

\ WHAT'S OUR
STORY?

GET STARTED |

CARLA LUGO
6 A

TALK ABOUT A SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM

CARLA LUGO

1 VOCABULARY Marketing words

© Lookat the advertisement for a marketing firm.
Would you hire this company? Why or why not?

© »ss01 Read and sten. Notice the words in bold

Here atNestLevel, i's our business to help your business!
‘We have proven strategies for building your socal media
pretence, cresting dever ad campaign that wil nresse
Sworeneesof your brand, and planning spectacular product
launches and promotional materials for every new product
or sence you ofr We understand the importance of
customer interaction and can help you with damage,
‘contol fr any challenges youve faced inthe past Cal ut
‘Weil pach ides that tand out fom the compettion and
work with yout take your business to the nex level

FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 1461 DEFMIIONS, PAGE 163
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Modifying relative clauses

Read the example sentences. Then read the rules inthe chart Are they true (7) fale (E?
Conect the fae rules.

Example sentences
1. We've hadito do à lot of damage contol, some of which has bean effective,

2. Our marketing team pitched several ideas, onl three or four of which we liked

3. Lots transat this ad for our oversoas cents, the majority of whom don't speak English,

4. Vie can lama lot rom that competitor, mart of whose produc launches have been successful
5. We noed holp creating an ad campaign, a taskin which we have litle experience

6. Im pleated 10 announce our new sles director, a person for whom Ihave great respect.

Scots leaving his job at Solutions, the company at which he has worked for ten years

Modifying rela

+ Moditying relative clauses modify the whole sentence,

+ Amodifing relative clause cant be a sentence by itself.
+ Some relative clauses follow this pattern: quantifier + with + relative pronoun
+ Some relative clauses bogin with noun + preposition + relative pronoun.

+ Ina relative clause with a quantifier or noun + preposition, th
who, whom, whose, which, or that

do os abs re

© Look at other waysto write example sentence Sin 2A. Then rewrite sentences 6 and 7

Vio noed help creating an ad campaign, task which we have litle ox

We nood help creating an ad campaign, task (ha) we hove ite experience in. (informal

BET vrs

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL paca aboutthe atra |

‘Pusat Read the conversation sil Then sto. We Use expressions ike hese

words they uno to speculate about ho future Fee

1. think youridea

_ ls (qui) posible ha.
the right way! posa

2 ——_she'sgoing to save this company. {They ght

© PAIRS The shoe company you work for is failing,
Its considering spending the last ofits budget on an expensive marketing campaign.
Speculate about how this might affect the future ofthe company.

4 CONVERSATION

© sus Listen. What do Carla and Hiro talk about?

© posos Listen again Answer the questions
1. What ae the two problems with the Beauty Tree account?
2. Why don't they wantto spend money on social media?
3. What solution docs Hiro suggest? [4

as Listen. Complete the conversation ES
ES
Hi: mon. inthe end theyre going spend tir monoy OG
however vanttonomaner what we in aboutit RG

Cara: Tre listeniflfocuson
damage control instead of tying to build their social
modi presence.

P

9004 compromise.

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK Imagine tatin your company here a disagreement about advertising. One
person wants to spend more money on local TV advertising andthe other wants to focus on
Social moc. Think about the pros and cons foreach. Take notes in he char.

© PAS Use the detail in your chart to negotiate the best choice or think of another
solution.
‘A If we spend too much on ein, then we might not have enough resources
fora proper social media campaign
8: ls tue but we could

PS

K ABOUT PROMOTION STRATEGIES

CARLA LUGO

©

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN

© PAIRS THINK What kinds of products do you see
celebrities promoting on social media? Do they
make you want to buy things?

© peer VOCABULARY Look at the words and listen
to the sentences. Do you know these words?

vouch for authenticity putoff
plug word ofmouth turn into
computergenerated _ an endorsement

getinon engage =

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Participle clauses

Read the example sentences. Then circle the correct words to complete the rules in the chart.

‘When im reading his posts, Igettied of al rod of allthe

Reading his posts, ge
advertising hashtage,

ing a nanoinfluencer she gets alot of ree

produas.

Because she's à nanoinfluoncer, she getsa lot
of free products.

Alter we got in on social media promotion,
‘we neary doublad our sales

Having gotten in on social modi promotion,
we nearly doubled our sales

‘Since ve used their products for years, ean

vouch for ther quality.

Having used t
vouch for their

+ products for years, can

‘Because Iwas impressed by thoi a
‘campaign, joined the new gym.

‘Since it located downtown, that coffee shop
is always busy.

impressed by their ad campaign IJoned the
new gym

Located downtown, that cof shop avaye
bu

+ Use ing participle clausesto emphasize the present/ past

Use having + past participle clause to emphasize the present / past

+ Advert causes can be changed t pariciple causes only when the subject ofthe
‘adverb clause and the main clause are the same / different

+ Pariciple clauses that begin with a past participle usuall replace an active / a passive
adverb clause,

Pp >

(O ‘it possible to change the adverb clause to a participle clause in this sentence? Explain.
Because she has so many social media followers, several companies have asked her to

‘endorse their products

BEER vrs

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION | Phrasal prepostioniverds

as Liston, Read the pronunciation note. | caps of aver followed by wo preposton for

© ee tisen Note ses and blending, Saree ston Some rare mah
en rap ae An object aher the vers hap me outwith The st

A: Wow, Eva justgatfnpn a great Éuraresed Te verb can alo be ested The
opportunity using her blog, words in hesgexpressonsare blended together
B: Yooh, Anas now restaurant, ight? Xs | mot gots casey toby.

Just aboutto open and Ev come SP
whe nes lor promoting k
2 Yeah She has amazing socal mala ios ral lok Jo he.

‘Pass Listen. Complete the conversation. Mark the stessed preposition in the pla
with a dot over the stressed vowel. Then check your answers with your partner.

A: Lets hurryand (Chang. He can give usa ride back
8: Oh Chang. dont realy. Him. Ho always argues.
A know what you mean, Just. him for haf an hour
4 LISTENING

When you eara tie or pt of atk
au Read the Listening Skil. Then listen to the y antepte-orgues-relted
beginning ofa podcast. List more words you ends and eas thatyou might host,

dale een cera Anticipo content inthis way can
hui henna asthe podes help you understand and remember

@ ess Liston tothe whole podcast. As you listen, what you hee
hack (/) any ofthe words on your ist hat you hear

PAIRS How many o the words you anticipated did you hearin the podcast? What's the topic?

(eet Listen again. Take notes in the chat.

Benefits of nanoinflvencers|

@ PARS REACT Would you the tobe a nancinfuencer? Why or why not?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© Trinc Imagine that you ae going tobe a nanoinfluencer What product could you
Promote o your fiends? How would you make itseem appealing? Take notes.
(O PARS Holp improve your partner's strategy by asking questions about the product

EVALUATE In groups, tae tums sharing your products and promotion strategies.
Choose two or thee ofthe best ideas, Share thom with the clas and explain why
they ar affective.

PS

1

2

p

TALK ABOUT CORPORATE ORIGIN STORIES

CARLA LUGO

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

© PARS THINK What kinds of stories do businesses
tell about how they got started? Think of the story
‘of famous company. Tell what you know about how it got started,

© pee VOCABULARY Look at the words and expressions and listen tothe sentences
Do you know what they mean?

stumble upon apeer iconic asvorch
expertise dreamup _ designate captivating
22 FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 248 DEFINITIONS, PAGE 164,

LANGUAGE CHOICES Infinitive clauses

© Read the example sentences. Thon circo the comect answers to complete the rules inthe
chart More than one answoris correct.

Example sentences
1. We decided not to start a business together,

2. They expected us to have a more interesting origin story

3. To make mistakes is human / ti human to make mistakes.
4. We lft ari (in order) to beat the trafic

5. They rented a garage to use as lab

fe wore happy to stumble upon this great place for brunch
Its normal fora business nat to hit big right away.
8. It nice for us to have some time of this week,

weadquartors to save money.

9. They relocated th

+ Infinitive clauses can follow —

3. prepc b conamverbs € nounsorpronouns — d. adjectos
+ Infinitive clauses can function as

& mainverbs b. subjects € objects d. sentences,
+ Infinitive causes can be used to

3. express purpose 6. makeacomment € explainwhy 4, show quantity
+ An inf always.

a. hasthewordte — ba hasancun © hasavorb d. cor

© five uses expressing purpose can often be replaced by so that) + subject clause
Look at this example. Then look at the example sentences in 2A.In which example
sentences can the infinitive clause be replaced by so that?
He took summer classes in order to graduate ari
oR:

or castes so that he would graduate ar

un a

3 VIDEO TALK

‘bust Listen or watch, What two stories doos
speaker talk about?

@ este Liston or watch again. Tako notes nthe chart

the

Reason for corporate origin stories:

ass Read the Note-taking Sil. Then listen
again and complete the sentences.
In essence,
To sum up

© paris REACT Are yous
corporate origin tories an

ed that the
raggerated?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL

Read the discussion ski. Which ofthese
phrases do you use in your discussions now?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

Spesters ure a voney of expressions to

Listen fr signal expression e these and

(DD Trink Read the beginnings of origin stories for three businesses. Choose one and take

‘notes abouts founders) and the business.

Restaurant: A woman.
Leamed to cook in her
grandmothers kitchen.
Then neighbors helped
her attend a famous
cooking school.

A car company: Two people
‘who loved cars used to draw
them after school, They went
to work ata dealership and
then tent to engineering
school together

(O AIS Work with someone who chose the same business Share your ideas and

develop the origin story together.

( EVALUATE Present your origin try tothe dass. Vote on which one isthe most

‘compelling and discuss why.

PS

1

2

mens 01005

READ ABOUT DECEPTIVE MARKETING

BEFORE YOU READ

© PARS Allnatual, organic sustainable,

recyclable, and eco-friendly are buzzwords
‘often found on so-called “green” products, Discuss

CARLA LUGO

ir meanings

© Peer vocAsULARY Read and listen. Do you know these words?

mislead
abhorrent

wrongdoing

deceptive reassuring

biodegradable

2 municipality disintegrate
detrimental suggestive
>> FOR DEFINITIONS, FAGE 64

Read the Reading Skill Skim he atico. Thon check (/) th topics that you think

the article val cover.
ithe definition of greenmoshing,
why green products are inferior
Chow t ind bargains

Line origins of greemuashing
Ligreen burmmerds
Dexamles of greenwashing
Daóviceto shoppers

Ültios on howto greenwash

READ

Pa Road and ston to the article. Were your predictions comect?

Most people brow tha one meaning of green
find, bu we you foo uh greemmashing,
‘verb that entered consis inthe ate 903?
Pattemedon words Ike ralnmashng (making people
believe what you want y contoing information
and whtwoshing (overing up wrongding with
sin noma een cr When
impact on the environment attempting to
came them otherwise tough advertang and
public nthe 60s and 70s, before we hada name
forth phenomenon the chemical automobile,

and energy indus were aleadygrenwashing
thee products and series to ean fers about the
‘angers al polio, chemical and ol spl, and
clear energy technology

massive chemical and al pls and amar
ste prompted various greeneasing campaigns
By powerful corporations Ths was the start of

the corporate environmentalism movement Asa
consequene ofthe severe damage nice onthe
environment a company’ reputation for eo Alen
practices hd never been more important Opinion
Pol a tn me reveled that more than 70% of
those surveyed were say by ervronmenal
issues when they shopped and over viewed
tvirnmental offenses as e mst abhoren of al
Corporate aimes.

The 905 brought various buzzwords may of which
st appear on paclaging today, such as recyabe,
Dodepodabeemirnmently fend, nd ol
natural In cent years sustainable, renewable and
‘vpn are frequent seen Weis reassuring o
See such language onthe packaging othe products
we by. whether tis simply cose a reemashing
depends onthe meaning ofthe terms Fr example
ren pure and notre essentaly mesningess
when they donot corespod t any lega or
industrial standards There have alo en cases

LULU

>
“hon organ an sustainable have oly
oferto ane component of produc,
‘whereas the otr component wee
nether organe ner sustainable

‘The tems esol and biodegradable
have been particulary controversial ln
‘tert reduce ts ecologica foot,
‘one bottled water brand itched frm
plastic bottles to Teta Pak packaging
md of paper aluminum, and poste
spore Tick cial about roduc claims. For example, a
Pak canons ae labeled receabe, not company cams itis "preenerthanits competitors, i does
ER ET not mean muchifthore competitors are terrible polea
‘thems thos the teh may ave hada.

Paya fine ol ner si milion for abeliog ra
a NL e
——

technically cone the bots coud
take upto 1000 yeas to dsinegrae NATURAL
in ans which ot mee eal

‘Standard or products beled that way.

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according tothe ate
1. How wasthe word greenwashing derived?
2. Why was a green eputationso imporantto companies inthe 1980s?
3. How can pure, natural organic, o sustainable be deceptive?
4. How have companies used recylableand biodegradable deceptively?

© 105€ READING Reread the lines. Thon cil the correct answers
Y. Which sentences closest in meaning t the sentence in ines 34-372
o. Green buzzwords ae reassuring, whether o not greenwashing is presen
la Alhough they an be misused for greenwashing, green buzzwords are reassuring
€. People are reasured by green buzzwor in imple cases of greenwathing
2. Inlnes 55-62, how the second sontone connected tothe firs?
a. ignores a smal point thon provides an example of à ne.
À. emphasizes alight wrongdoing then provides a eason forthe fino.
€. Itconcedes a minor pint then provides reason forte fine.

@ PARS Summarize the article in 3-5 sentences,

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK Think of a green” product for example, ood, a device, clothing, vehicle} and
write a shor advertisement fort that includes green buzzwords.

© GROUPS Present your advertisement. Have the group identify the buzzwords and discuss.
‘what they mean inthe context of each advertisement.

EVALUATE Decide which buzzwords could have been used deceptively in the ads and
discuss why. Choose one person to present them and the reasons tothe clas,

ns CE

un a

WRITE A PERSONAL ESSAY

CARLA LUGO

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
© Road about personal essays :

A personal essays a narrative essay about your le or interests Personal essays are often
required as par ofthe college admissions process, Sometimes they may be submitted with
2 job or scholarship application. Ifa specific topic snot provided, choose one that relates
to something meaningful about yourself such as something that taught you a lesson or
contributed to your word vow.

© Bead the model. What was the incident that changed the writer perspective?

‘When Iwas 13 yeas ol, learned a powerful leson about finding the hidden talents within any
person including mysel.

‘Up until then. had been ashy child dd well enough in school and 1 had a few fiends But ld
not consider myself particularly talented at anything.

‘hen starte the eighth grade, here was a new boy at school named David. He had some learning
problems now understand that he was autistic Social interactions wee dificult for him, so he did
ot have many friends Unfortunately children in my las often tessed and bullied him, Although |
id not participate in this bullying ls didnot intervene instead, tod aside.

‘One ay, in math class, some of my classmates were again teasing Davi. The teacher sw what was
happening. His reaction surprised al of us He left he room without saying anything. When he
ame back five minutes later he was holding a guitar. He set upa chal atthe front of the classroom
and asked David to sit init He handed him the guitar, and the boy started playing ad singing, To
Our surprise he had an amazing vole and could play the guitar like a professional I was the most
touching musi Thad ever hear.

From that day on, everyone treated David diff eenty, My classmates and I finaly started to
accept him for who he was, We understood that although he was diff erent from us, he still had
something beautiful to off erthe word.

‘That was not the ony lesson {learned on that day. I also marked a turning point in my own fe,
‘when I started to look more deply forthe potential inside myself That year took up the piano
Itwas not easy: ad to practice every day. But | understood that the process of learning was just
as importan as the result | didnot have tobe perfect just had to believe in myself and have the
confidence to keep trying. This belle has pushed met try many new things, to apply myself
100% to everything. do. Since that day many years ago. have believed that everyone, including
myself has the potential to contribute something beautiful tothe world

PAIRS Do you think thatthe leon
the writer discusses would be of
value in a grad schoo! program:
‘ora new job?

ED vrs

Read the model again. Take notes inthe char.

2 FOCUS ON WRITING

Read the Witing Skil. Then read the model again. | na sing pont ove and

Underine the sentences that state or restate the re ou estate your thos at feront
main ideas. ports tha essay can hoj readers

Understand the connection between
your Wess and remember your mais.

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

Ifyou had to promote yourself as a candidate
Wenig
Mont program ehat woud endo ar
your focus be? Think ol ame in your He when anciana cel ci
Jos leamad an important lesson. Crest a chant members ase nn
to organizeyour ideas Use the chat in 1D as 2 abat 304 remember dende

model. Vivas important and ho dt — =
change you? Keep ajoumaeciake some —
Pains Discuss yourideas. ‘notes on these eas and usa hem asa,
| learned the importance of generosity ring pint or yours
when Twas —
4 WRITE
write a first draft ofa personal essay. Remember to use redundancy. Use the essay
in 1Basa model.

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT

@) EE REVIEW Read your partners esay Answer the questions.
+ there a lesion clearly stated inthe introduction and then restated in other places
inthe essay?
+ Isthenaratioartanged ina clear chronologies order?
+ Docs the essay explain lor and concsay how the lesson was learned?
+ Can you see how ho lesson would bo valuable for grad schoo or for a job? not, an
ou suggest ways the war can make his lesson more clear of value?

REVISE Write another draft based on the feedback you got from your partner.

PROOFREAD Check the spelling, grammar, and punctuation in your essay. Then read

through again for overall sense
[m CAN ITE A PLRSONALSSAY J
vs CR

www. frenglish.ru

becoming obsolete faster,

1 PROBLEM SOLVING Lifespans of common products |
CT RS F3 ME Fl

@ conser tHe rrosiem RR
Se
ne ere
en 3
| |

them ata more rapid ate ha. Viga sn Mme vee
a Moen one acer en” acter =
the correct answers
1. Since the 1950s, companies have purposely tried to make products that

a. last longer bo cannot ail breakdown sooner

2. The difference in the ifespans between a washer and dryer means whan the washer
breaks down, many people may —
a. tytorepairit bo replace both © rentone

3. Smartphones ar likely to become obsolet quickly because
a. they nolonger work consumers wantnew features _& theycantbe repaired

© Tink cemcatty Why dont products last as long now as they used to? Talk with a partner.
@ FINO A SOLUTION Consider the data, the problem, and possible solutions in small groups.
Stop 1 Brainstorm Think of 35 consequences of products not ating as long as they used to,

Step 2 Evaluate Choose the best solution. Consider the negative consequences and what |
‘could be done about them.

Stop 3 Present Explain the bos solution tothe class. Rofortotho dato to suppor your ideas,

2 REFLECT AND PLAN
Look back rough the unit Check (/) he things you (E) Whatwillyoudoto lean

Tesmed ishight ho things you need to kam. the things you ighighted? i
Objectives DO Speumesbout D Modo |
Dramen deine Le gm
oem Premian e Creer]

Drinnen Oo =. aig
promation prepositional ER mors, on page
= due

=. =
=... En
Se E

ED rs

A

(9) DO YOU FOLLOW
¢ 4 ANY SPORTS?

ad
3 > gern
pe >
“ai ee è 17 u E
% N ee 2 5 4
: Po.” 5

nn on eu

K ABOUT ATHLETIC COMPETITION

a TAE-HO KANG

1 VOCABULARY Athletic abilities EL
© took rocio descipions.oudyou AR A

be interested in either of those classes?
Why or why not?

© ss Read and sten. Notice the words in bold

‘Our top ine, Pau jl is ring these short-term lastest lp you improve your sis
(GLASSY) Hand-£ye Coordination (CLASS? Buding Competitive Spirit
toplayspons wal? Have roule hing haar outanddo your beto demolish your
Wwältesch raining execs youcan doto want 10 win farand square) But sometimes we hive trouble tapping

and coring runs before you nom

>> FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 249 / DEFINITIONS, PAGE 166
2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Modals for speculation and expectation

(Read the example sentences. Then complete the rules in the chart withthe correct modals
and word forms,

Example sentences

1. Thattoam never loses. They must have some really good players

2. The retvees won the game? You must be kidding, right?

3. They won by ony 1 point. must have been an exciting game.

4. You can't eat that entire pizza by yours. I's enough for five people

5. Where is evarybody? They can be playing softbal, The weather sterile.

$. Weve been practicing al weck, so ourteam should definitely win the next game,

7. | dont know where Scotis He might havea softball game today, or he may be

8. Ourtoam isgetingb

his off.

and better Wo could win the next game. We’ seo

+ Use to show you ae quite certain that à situation is tue.

+ Use to express dsbele.

+ Use to tk about situation that you expect to happen.

+ Use or to show you are not certain.
+ Use amodal+ be + to show the situation is happening now.

Use a modal + have + to show the situation wasin the past.

[=]

© How certain are the speakers about these statements? st posible to change
some modals to make them more certain or less certain?

“Joe's team cant be practicing again! They must have practiced a hundred hours his week:
‘Don't worry. They might have improved, but our team should sil win the next game,

BRIE oo

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL "build empathy with ctv teni |

pos Read the conversation skil.Then listen, Write the YOUconvse expressions e these

‘expressions that the woman uses to express ampathy. | {show tat yov ndorsondhow
: another person fel.

sec why yu
2 ro

y —__ Thatsag
@ PAIRS student: Imagine that you are nervous or ou he feting /how hat ee

‘excited about something thats going to happen.

‘Student B: Listen and express empathy. Give any advice you can think of.

4 CONVERSATION
ma Listen. What do Ta ho and Carla talk about?

@ ms Liston again. Answer the questions.
1. Who was playing in the softball game?

2. What was the result of the game?

3. What reason does Carla give forthe outcome?

cs Listen, Complete the conversation.

Tac-ho: Oh you wouldn't have wanted me
just have made things worse,

Carla: They could hardly have been wore.
Tae-hos Seriously Hiro tied to recruit me, but
Carla: — Youlook ftto me.

Tae-ho: Well run and swim, but have zero hand-eye
coordination. No ball port forme.

Pp Carla: OK,

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© THINK Choose one sport and think of thee aspects oft hat you like and treo that you
don't ike.

What Tike aboutit [What dont ike aboutit

(O PAIRS Explain what you ike and dont ie about the sport you chore. Express empathy
with your partner’ point of view
IA: Baseball so boring, expecially in the outil You spend so much time
standing around wating for the al to come to you
8: [fea that way sometimes, oo but ifs o ecting when all of a sudden you have
to catch it

PS

TALK ABOUT ESPORTS

a TAE-HO KANG

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN nz zu
© PAIRS THINK Do youlike to play video == =
games? Do you think professional esports

‘would be an interesting career? Why or why not?

© se vocASULARY Complete the phrases with the wordsin the box
Then iten and check your answers

times pro money mind decision
with gs head humer plan back
_ >» FOR PRACTICE, PAGE 150 / DEFINITIONS, PAGE 265,

1. geta paying gi 7.00

2 keep in 8. take a caleulated

3. make big 9. make à split-second

4. kick 10. keop à cool

5. keep up. 11. have a good sense of

6. have fst reaction 12. have a backup

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Expressing necessity and obligation

© Road the example sentences. Then circle the comtect words to complete the rules inthe chart

Example sentences
1. Wo've got to remember this is just a game. We don't need te be so competitive
2. You needa'tbe a professional to enjoy playing this game.

use | didnt need to go to the office,

3. | worked rom home yesterday b

4. Thanks for the cofee! You didn't need to do that, but really appreciate it.
5. The birthday git from my colleagues was nice, but they neednthave gotten me anything
6. We must figure outa solution as soon as possible

7. Participants are required to register before the competion

8. You don't have to 90 tothe show tonight It's upto you.

9. thad to make a quick decision or! would los points

© Lock at example sentences 3-5 in 24 What isthe france ia meaning? sit posible to
se needn't have or dit ned toi althree sentences?

0: oo

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION
ses Listen. Read the pronunciation note.

© sx Listen, Notice the blended
pronunciations of the underlined verbs.

Hove thas hada needa, needs oad
needed have bended pronuncitons
Itt est aed inital and
iodo, ne ral in hd, need, and needed

und th ol blend no single sound
en Pan ete rev the words dont, doesnt nd didn. Ae hen
1. To be professional dancer, fest of al, ac ot fies ir en

you have te love daneing-bocause you

el to give up a lot fr the career.
2. À profesional dancer hasta train for several hours a day six days a weok, for almost the
whole year.

3. Athletes who play seasonal sports don't have a practice so much and have more time of

{bona Listen, Complete the sentences with the words you hear.

Playing fora professional espons team, Miko thoughthe.
coach aid he.

study, buthis
nigh high school. tor th championships, he knew he
7 save money for noxt season. He wait long before
ho got offers to promote gaming equipment

4 LISTENING LSTENNG SKIL
‘rs Listen Whatis the main idea ofthe | Vi carente pars nguage
podcast? Vote mended rte ane For

“sample you hear very fomal language about
à parca dof dy you might deduce at
target audience san academic one

a Read the Listening Skil Listen agan.
‘Who isthe intended audience for this talk?

sx Listen again. Toke notes in the chart

Introduction: ]

st
né
En

at

Finally

PAIRS REACT Were you suprised by any of th

information inthe podcast? Why or why not?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

{THINK Imagine that ou have your hear set on becoming a profesional gamer, but your
fend want to tak you out ft What points could you make in avr of is choice? Write
three ide.

© paris student: Ty to convince your fiend that professional gaming isa good carer
choice fr you Student: Using your notes rom 4C and your own ideas, ryt ak
your fiend out of tying to going pro.

(Q EVALUATE Decide which are the most compeling arguments in favor of
‘gaming carer Shae your ideas with the dss.

PS

K ABOUT WHAT A SPORT

a TAE-HO KANG

<a | ö

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN

@ PAIRS THINK Think ofa sport you consider
unurual What makes it unusua? Explain the
port and your opinions to your partner

© era VOCABULARY Look athe words and
expressions and ste othe sentences.

Do you know what they mean?

callfor fetch ctiminate
asopposedto atournament enlightening
play catch regardas

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Permission, strong advice, and prohibition

(Rena the example sentences Look at the words in bold expressing permission, strong

advice, and prohibition. Then write those words in the correct categories in the chart
Example sentences

You ought to rest the night before a big game.

We should wait forinstrucions before we begin

You're allowed to take breaks between games,

Were net allowed to use our phones during the trivia game.

You had better stretch before the game begins

re supposed to are an hour early

Athlotes must not use non-prescription drugs.

You may join our team i you'd ike, oF you ean choose another team

You can't park your ear ther,

Permission Strong advice Prohibition

PAIRS Discuss the differences in meaning in these sentences. Describe situations in which
e

they might be used.
1. Your not allowed to participate with sprained ankle,
You can't participate witha sprained ankle,

You had better not participate with a sprained ankle.

3. You must not participate with a sprained ankle
3. Youre not supposed to participate with a sprained ankle,

105 RTE

un a

3 VIDEO TALK y
8 © Peston or watch, Whatis the tone of this lecture?

8 © #1 Read the Note-takng Sil. Listen or watch again
and complete the chart. =

NOTETAK

m =

speaker wl present secos ol ogumen
and eoumterarguments when wing to answer conceptual
‘question The euntrarg ments oxpls hy ech potent
ser incoect or insulicon our notes st ech
pote anne and the coumeargumers agin

Playing with a bal

Playing on a team
Playing compettivaly

Using physical sl and
coordination

Being included inthe Olympics

What does the speaker conclude?

PAIRS REACT Which of the speakar' criteria do you think re most important in defining
something asa sport? Why?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL a

Ina you discussion express

Road the discussion ki Which ofthese phrases do you 09 proies e
ready use in your discussions? those
ps Ou
awe certo me.
Theres nodoube

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK The activites in the char were included in the Olympics
atleast once. ist an argument or and against each one being
‘considered a sport.

Hotsirballooning
Tug-ofwar
Motor boating

DISCUSS In sm

for and against

me

READ ABOUT SP.

1 BEFORE YOU READ

© PARS What aro some ofthe ways fans express
suppor for their favorite sports tame?

© #2 vOCABULARY Read and listen, Do you

seat prioritize
‘eyecatching disproportionate

ostracize
manifest

2 READ

ORTS FANS

ra) TAE-HO KANG
A,
ae

know these words?

eccentrie
contra

‘monotonous
tory take fs toll

PREVIEW Read the tt, look atthe picture, and read the caption, What do you think the

interview willbe about?

© #7 Read and listen t the interview, Was yo

An Interview with

‘Author of Sports Superfans

ur prediction comect?

Me al seen hem srting or dancing around at
sporting events wearing color eye<atching thes
‘or costumes and body paint in ther ean colors They

+ across the county to end games. They proie

{tending tam events over personal obligations,
including weddings and funrals, and may even name à
hid ater theieeam's coach They sports suprlan,
the abject of the new book by Alan Hari, whom had
the pleasure of nteriewing

(Alan, whats the motivation behind the disproportionate
‘enthusiasm of sports spartans that you document in your
book compared 1 thot of average fas?

‘Fundamental, thik it stems from a strong desire to
be par of group. relted o our sural stint. a
ancient times, your group ostacize yu, tot meant
prime instinct mansa al a a display of alegiance
{spor teams ina ig way.

+ see, But, dors’ such ecceni behavior put superfans
atk of being ostracized?

‘Awl ite cen rue that th behavior of superfans
cent in hir private ves, theyre general people
ho into society very well One concept tht helps
10 explain this two sided personality the theory of
{inde compromise between thera wo contractor,

103 oo

‘that allows them to satay both needs in a
pactado ofthemaeher whl sl gaining
Scceptance fom the gro.

2 let transtioning between extremely
the week dificult for sports superan?
{hel team can causo chemical changes in
‘he body, Studies on soccer profersonals
and soccer superfans have revealed that the
inressedhomone eels ters win ad the
‘decreased levels ater alos re the samen
memoras of the game keep running trough
Rs ead over and over, so ha gesto work
‘shaved the nest dy

>>

nn

>
‘Wow! That must ely ak sol. Dot you thnk superfans are taking things to far?

‘A: 1 know what you mean, but have amore postve take on them. Professional ports
have assumed conta place inthe socal ie of modern societies, Theyre one ofthe few

15 things hat everyone can connect with Inthe diverse and inclsve word of spots ans the
‘enthusiasm of superfans is constructive energy that can rely benefit say by helping to
bull bridges between lindo of peopl.

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according to the interview.
1. Howis the behavior o spots superan related to thao ancient humans?
2. Whatisthe theory of optimal istimeiveness and how does itapolytosuperfans?
3. Whatare the physiological effects of superlan's behavior?
4. Whatis Hart positive view of the ole o port superfansin society?

© Lose READING Reread the nes. Then ci
1. Wat follows the colon (inthe sentence in ins 24-27?
o. amore enact purpose for the previous phrase
À. a more preciso explanation ofthe previous phrase
€. à new piece of evidence forthe previous phrase
2 Inlnes 39-46, how the second sentence connected tothe rt?
>. aolovat anecdote supporting evidence a contrasting opinion

1. nine 9: who does mhom eferto? othr pan Prensa aereo

lo the correct answers.

8. Alan Horris ‘pronouns or example, ey thes those)
b. superfans re en vied or vs purposes hey avd
2. Inline 13, what does thareferto? _‘epatibon Understanding the rlerens o such

Pronouns sent to à caret understanding ol

2 the motivation
b. the disproportionate enthusiasm
3. Inline 22, what does it refer to?

4, Inline 39, whatdoes treferto? a. extrovertad behavior ba transitioning
5. Inline $4, what does They rferto? a. professional sports. modem societies

PAIRS Summarize the interview in 35 sentences.

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK In what ways do you ty o be part of groups? In what ways do you ty to be
distinctive? Toke notes.

your ideas. Then assign each person a score from 110 10 for “need to fit
ed to be distinctive” Basad on the two scores decido who would most koh
‘enjoy being a sports superfan

@ EVALUATE Inthe same groups, discuss how wall your core ratio predicts your actual
feelings about becoming a sports superan

[CAN READ ABOUT SPORTS FANS]
uno EC

www. frenglish.ru

WRITE A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE

© ead about “how to" instructions

a TAE-HO KANG

<a Am

When you aro weting instructions for howto do something, you need to be sure they are
clear and easy t fllow.Atthe same time, you want to make sure not t forget any steps.
Instructions for how to play a sport should include information onthe numberof players,
any equipment needed, the rules for playing the game, and how to win the game.

© Road the instructions on howto play bossabsll. What are some dif

borsaball and volleyball?

Bossabal aol ne game which was
lnventdin Spa. ear voya, but wih
‘oma importen iene. is mean to ba layed
Players and Equipment

To play bossebal, ou need to teams of four

‘bal You can buy your own coun, butts probably
‘surface around 45 meters long and 25 mater wide
‘Theresa demo igh net rss the conter the
cour On each side of ta nat, res trampoline
Inthe cantero ne nati auras, One layers
“Tho goals to sore as many pons as possible by
ating the bal ovr to net You may it thea wi
Playing the Game

(One tea serves, and then the ay begins Each
team may only ouch te Dal 1 ve mes peor
{tho bal must go over the nat. the tam does
Scoring Ponts” andi ao gets the net sone
Each time a eam scores th player oat so that

Scoring Points
yout the al over tn nt nd your opponent cam
the oe nat son, te bala the laying

+ Aponte tarts
+ Spot al Us plang

+ Soon theta spy

Can you explain the scoring system for bossaball?

un a

Read the model again, Take note in the chart.

= invented it players
= similarto. surface with, high netand
tobe played with ‘on each side

ofthe game
score points b hits (or fewer)
bitball with ‘get next

points are scored

= first team tog = “volleyball ouch’: 3 points on. + Tpointon
wins - “soccer touch“ points on trampoline, 3 points on
= must win by playing area
- ball hits "bossawal play continues

2 FOCUS ON WRITING

PAIRS Read the Wing Skil, Then reread the model. | To mak sure hatyow wing sear and
Wot caen does he mod env Le be our | coytundersund you Would

to the reader? Work together to make alt ee ee

logic order and no information should

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING en
Prepare to write instructions for it. Create a chart | "1999 and tellyou ifs clear

like in 1D as model

© PAS Discuss your ideas

| dont play sports, but | like board games. IM write about... Weng tp
Most sofware saludes.
4 WRITE spoling and grammar checks.

but be extra cet that you
have ne ypos ty reading out |
oud, bachwardsRasd one word
{at atime rom the last word back
tothe fist word

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT _—
PEER REVIEW Read your parnersinstructions. Answer the questions
+ Do you understand howto lay he game or port ater reading the instructions?
+ Do aubites help you ee at glance where the informations?
© there an over ofthe game or spot atthe sar ofthe instructions?
+ Dotho instructions mako clear how to win ho game or sport?
+ Dotho instructions procoed ina logical way and aro altechnica terms explain?
© Revise Write another draft based on the feedback you got fom your part

PROOFREAD Checkthespeling, grammar and punctuation in your instructions Then read
Ahrough agan for overal sense
BB CAN WRITE A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS J
uno ER

Wirte a first draft ofa set of instructions. Remember to wite
like a reader, Use the instructions in 18 as a model.

www. frenglish.ru

1 PROBLEM SOLVING

© CONSIDERTHE PROBLEM Sports can be alot
of funto play and a great way to get exercise,
butthey can als lead to injuris. Some
injuries ike bruises, are minor, ut others Ike
concussions, an o long term damage. Review
the picture and cielo he comet answers.

1. Elbowinjras ae most Kaly to come om
playing bord games) tenis hockey.

2. Paying soccer is most ely t resul in
finger fractures shoulder injuries foot
injures

3. The sport most likly to lad tothe widest

A 0

ors
© ruin CRIMCAUY Why are some sports more vos ©) JU O
They toledo injres nor? Tk vis
pane sie
@ FINO ASOLUTION Consider he datar problem, and posi solaonsin sal groupe
o a o Encre,
ia bn eel penile serene
D à rants Cocot be scher. Codo ngs tht pc an do bor
een
Sp 3 Proa Eli bat solo oa das fer the dato support your tees

2 REFLECT AND PLAN

© Look back through the unit Check (Y) the things you
learned, Highlight the things you need to earn.

Spas Oct ven
rc ta
pe peta
D ak bout sponse Inthe app, do the Lesson 1
Cdstonstas ÈS Es] Mob moe
Pen een ose
werds © Er
Dane mes
ae ‘speculaionand C] Wie ike »
a =
oe. IS
ce mern
inening, buna
Demin,
a noi
geen Pees
aay

EE RUES

A

(IC Ÿ\ REMEMBER
WHEN?

GET STARTED
LA)

1 VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs for talking m

about life events

(O Look at the ttle. Whatis meant by “small moments"?

© iss Road and sten. Notice the words in bold

‘Small Moments That Changed Your Lite D Readers: Toll us your story, but keep it short!

æ 3

(57

AA (A
cor E
MEL jus kd ot fll into my caror. dit get _ppicaton and two days later had ajo
O beeline
See RQ
ee Je

ANA y om talked me into tio aka HUGO A tera deceso pass up an fer to
ss an some ol tho gi et re a fhetogracha wedding Te people needed someone
ny best ends tegen, ond ae sang ran are soe

Fadl a bas me an rem mf tho DD. Io Down eotograghing

$$» ror PCT, mca DEAD, he —

>)

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Future in the past

Read the example sentences: What dens do these forms express?
Check) correct boxesin the char. More than one answer
maybe comect,

Example sentences

1. | was graduating soon, so decided to apply for some obs.

2. 1lost my passporttho day before | was to leave for Japan.
mot Benj on the subway. | nove

3 ined wo would get married two years ater
4. Ithought! would get degree in history but! ended up studying programming,
5. [always knew you were going tobe successful

{6 Vie were going to stay in Lima, but got a great job offer in Dubai

7. The st time we talked, you were about to start a business.

Future inthe

Prediction Plan or arrangement Onthe verge of
would a a [e]
vwae/were going to a a o
the past continuous o o o
as/ more aboutto 0 o a
was/were + infinitive o a a

© Wy docs thie sentence use graduated and would get? Did Jon get job na big city?
Jon wos hoping that when he grated, he would get a jobin abi iy

RIT oo

un a

3 CONVERSATION SKILL "Main ntrest wth question tgs

asset Read the conversation skill. Then listen Add question gs to ke your
toners engagedinthe conversation

Cech the war you hea and nite responses. For emp
Dim O Fon

O srentthey? D doyou kei:

wouldnt you? D want? >

© PAIRS Think ofa statement to go with each ofthe
tag questions in the conversation sill box. Use one
‘of the statements and its tag question to stata short conversation with your partner.
Its dificult to choose a care, is it? Im interested in so many things

4 CONVERSATION
185085 Listen, What story does Esra tell?
© sus Listen again Answer the questions.
1. Why did Kate pickup the key?
2. How did sho meat hor future husband?
3. What was Esra planning todo ater high school?

Ras Listen. Complete the conversation

Kate met up th im to never
Knowing that in two years we would be getting married!

Esra: Aww what a grat story! ts incredible how one small
decision can change your fe, ——?

Kate: know! f hadnt picked up that key, orf hadn't gotton
{around to puting up the notice, | probably never would
have met him!

Esra: Yo, is ray think about hat with how

p A

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

Trin Choose a meaningful ite evant-for example, meeting ion, finding job,
starting anew hobby, or discovering favorito place for theft time Take notes about
‘hated to that event including small seemingly insignificant decisions

hat happened before

happened afer

© Discuss in small groups tel your tres Remember o use question tags to keep
your tens intrested. As group, decide whose sory isthe most suprising,

oo REN

PS

TALK ABOUT A MEMOIR

KATE SANDS

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN ñ

© PARS THINK Would you want to write à
memoir-a story about special events in your
life? What might inspire others to write theirmemoirs?

© esoo VOCABULARY Look a the words and listen to the
sentences. Do you know these words?

contemporary flee devastating interweave
anorphanago harrowing apassage grief
anorphan glittering

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Past perfect and past perfect continuous

(© ead the example sentences. Then read the rule inthe chart Ao they true (7) or ae (FP
Conect the alte rules.

Example sentences
She had always dreamed of becoming aballerna.
‘They had never experienced such a bad storm before
She had begun a graduate degree program before he had a stroke
Before moving to New York, she had been traveling in South America
Before setting down here, had lived in ov

2
a
s à dozen dite
+, They had been vacationing in Sri Lanka whon the tsun

She was exhausted because she had been dancing all day
He had been living in an orphanage until my aunt adopted im,

They had planned on fleeing the county, but all the roads were blocked.
1 had intended ore:

er book but never got arou

Past perfect and past perfect continuous

+ To form the past perfect, use have + past participo,

+ The past perfect expresses an action that happened afer another action in the past

+ To form the past perfect continuous, use had been + the bate form of aver

+ The past perfact continuous shows an activity was in progress before anothe
the post

«+ We can use the past perfect fr intentions that were never realized.

hese sentences? Discuss your ides.

Pr

© Pars whatis
Sophie danced for years before she joined the Houston Bale.

difference betwes

Sophie had danced foryoars before she joined the Houston Bl

Sophie had boon dancing for years before she joined the Houston Ballet.

MR vue

un a

3 PRONUNCIATION | Assy hed and sess npaspeñe

The avila ver hdi unl contracted ar

16508 Listen. Read the pronunciation note.

© Ps Listen, Notice how had is pronounced, es been singoutsdewhen toned in
‘Then isten and repeat. ‘ter rouns uds ote ec tl!

+. Watch dBne before he the hows? | M fated cleo boleh ent vor
pont osea dao ed
Thy Sint more rh bay es bom

2. When the doctors sa es they dove
that she'd h8d a stroke.

3. Ghisine bpd been keeping ajoumalol her
Stagg regi hr memory

pros Listen and complete the sentences. Add a dot over the stressed verbs. had is
reduced to d/, cross out the h and link the preceding word with ain had.

4. When the storm the cleanup cows came in
2. Before her traumatic accident sh. a world clas dancer
3. Myfiend_ the book even though she ..

4 LISTENING

‘Speakers often us words Be thes to

1 Listen, Whatis the purpose of the podeast? | "dest comparo and comas
© Pie Road the Listening Skill Thenisten again and | eens burinthi cme
answer the questions. nile onthe conta,

1. What do the three books have in common?
2. Whatis different about Taking Fight?
3. Howis Tel Me Eventing You Don't Remember

=
diferent kom Wave?
st Liste again. Take notez in the chart about

the events of each memoir

Taking Flight by Michaela DePrince
Wave by Sonali Deraniyagala

Tall Me Eventhing You Dont Remember
by Christine Hyung: Oak Leo

PAIRS REACT Which ofthe three books would you be most interested in reading? Why?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

THINK What ar three elements that make a memoir interesting t ead? Write your ideas.
1 2 3

© PARS Compare ideas and make a ist ofthe elements ofa good memo Think of one
rte well-known people whose memoir you'd lke to read.

ANALYZE Share your ideas with the clas. Decide which three living
People might have the most interesting memoir

on 10 REN

PS

DISCUSS LIFE IN THE PAST

KATE SANDS

1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN *
© PAIRS THINK you could go someplace in
the past where and when would you go?
why?

© sis VOCABULARY Look atthe words and expressions and listen tothe sentences. Do you
now what they mean?

nostalgie anoverraianceon aslab adequate
famine lounge around upholtery enticing

2 LANGUAGE CHOICES Expressing the past: Review

@ ead the example sentences Look at the diferen waysto express the past hen complete
the rules in the char with the words inthe lat column.

Simple past inthe nineteenth century, most people lived on farms. ]
Past continuous — | Inthe 19505, many people were stil washing their clothes byhand. |
Present perfect — | Technologies developments have changed the way people Ive ]
Past pere By the 19305, manufacturing jobs had become more common. |
Past porect centuries before he fs plane, mentors had been tying 10 Build |
continuous a machine that could fy |
Used to ruts and vegetables used to taste better than they do no

Would Before cars were invented, people would travel by horse and wagon. |

Expressing the past: Review

+ Usethe 1 show an action vas in progress at atime inthe past

Der to show habits or states that were rue in the
past butare not re now

+ Usethe to show an action occured at a specific time inthe past

+ Usethe to show an action occurred at an indefinite time inthe past

+ Usethe to show an action was in progress before another action in the
past

+ Usetho_toshowanaction happened before another ation in the past

Pp

© Road this paragraph. Underine each verb and explain why itis used. Pay special attention
to used to and would. What ithe difference in meaning between used to and would?
Te worked at many diferent places. used to work ta coffee shop when | was younger.
Res my favorite jb in college. used to hang out there althe time, even on days when
| wasnt working. | would do my homework or spendtime with frends And by the time
graduated, become a coffee exper.

ie oo

un a

3 VIDEO TALK

8 © esten or watch What isthe speaker's main iden?
Wie tin the chart below.

E © ws Read the Note-taking Skil. Then listen or watch
again Tako nots inthe chart.
NOTE au

Reasons fot ha expan why something happens
Speakers len gue reaonsto support a main ides
‘he reasons under or esto the main des

‘What par af the world does the speaker eferto most? Do youthink these problems were
the same, worse, or better in other areas?

PAIRS REACT Were you surprised by any ofthe speaker's ideas? What are some negative
things about living inthe past thatthe speaker didn't mention?

4 DISCUSSION SKILL ananas

maté di Was You can emphasea po and engage other by sa

Main question unyeucculduse | fest ons utr mth tr ik
ea ma dns | Saubstdonexpecthm orherto arent Fr eample

Don hey look mous nthe od ashoned cates?

Whe woul matte he rt person to soe this avai place?
‘Wy woud anyone want toe native bekr the telephone’?

5 TRY IT YOURSELF

© THınc Pick place and tie in the past What do you think would be the best and worst

things about living in that ime and place? Take notes inthe char.
Place: Time period:
Best Worst

DISCUSS In small groups, discuss your ideas. Choose one ofthe locations and time periods
gros you
‘and add more ideas tothe best / worst its,

@ ANALYZE share your group's ideas wih the clos. As a class decide which of the
chosen places /time periods would be the best and worst to Ivein and why.

oo EE

PS

READ ABOUT MEMORIES

KATE SANDS
1 BEFORE YOU READ © aor sn n

© PARS Share à fond memory om your
childhood. How do you fel when you
remember i?

© #2 vocasuLaRy Read and listen. Do you know these words?

mediocre ray selfesteem ini

enviable
recollection elapse consequent _a yearning

in retrospect
2 READ

© PREVIEW Read the tile, look at the picture, and read the caption. What do you think the
acl will be about?

© it Read and sten to the article. Was your prediction correct?

ROSE-COLORED

co, Sco wo ean Fo ow

u 10

mr endo

So, whl resaarces have cntmes the nat oy retoepectn for cur walang ad sya as aconng
recaen by marlanng on ayes ts oct wo can o moo cu cr page ana de
ron. Ths mat hap us aro tengo a decir paspacho cum 106 rospacin ho a ane posto ett

2 200$ as wo make ono pre tat oy von the ast 1 a gory rg uo,

3 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the questions according tothe article
1. Whats the purpose ofthe storyin the frst paragraph?
2. Whatiethe relationship between fading afec bias and rosyretrospection? ®
3. How it à dechnit perspective sometimes exploited?
4. How does the writer suggest we deal with the effects of rosy revospection?

© cose READING Reread the lines. Then cicle the correct answers.

1. Intho sentence in ines 9-10, why does the author use the phrase thats?
a. toinroduce a phrase with the same meaning s fading aoct bias
bo invoduce the cause of fading ao bias
€. 10 provide an example of fading affect bias

2. Which sentence i closet in meaning tothe sentence in lines 24-267
a. Because they are often also, decinst arguments have limited appeal in politics.
b. In poitics, decinst arguments, despite often being false, are persuasivo.

€. Decinist arguments by politicians
aretequenty unconvincing ond MENE

exposed as fale. Using Thar ith causes ono eine wth
‘hei cs on the ght allows youto dearly
Read the Reading Skil visuaize the fects of phonomenato understand
‘Then completo the char. thom better

1. leting go of negative memories

2. forgetting the pain of past failures

3. foreting the negative consequences
of mistakes

à. a decinist perspective
5. an awareness ofthe effect of
rosy retrospection

PAIRS Summarize the article in 3-5 sentences,

4 MAKE IT PERSONAL

THINK What did you do yesterday? List thre things that you remember fondly and three
things you'd rather forget. What are you most kel 10 remember about yesterday?

@ GROUPS Compare yesterday’ fond and unpleasant memories and decide which ones aro
most likely to be remembered overtime.

EVALUATE From the group findings, wit ist ofthe rules hat seem t influence

whether a memory willbe retained or not.
[E LOAN READ ABOUT MEMORIES J
oo FEU

www. frenglish.ru

WRITE A REPORT

KATE SANDS

1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
@ food about reports.

In work situations, employees may goto 200 a lecture ora presentation on a relevant
topic. Sometimes the employee is asked to prepare reporto share with other
colleagues. The ropor should summarize the important information and include any.
"takeaways" or action items: ideas that can be put to use in the employees workplace.

© Red the report What takeaways did Kat include?

‘The Jessica O. Matthews Presentation - Summary Report

The presenten was abou JascaO. Mathows, ne
(CEO fm copa Une Power Ts compa
opa ch eng poca o ras vn man
acceso tao suas eect) The pour
(arin ho coreo ng, sen ae
rod, end porn vas Matos bros to

aan ft ato ts o company hen she
as a open colega. Mer ate an suns
ang nNgwa re he poe wert ut she ame
Pat gurerat when t's payed tar ono Pour ot
Ba. oc lode Sch can tan LED
lp fr to a: can gear tres ys
won ty charge.

\Unenatoa Pay, Se os ie ery gona
100000 egrets. and ot ton, Maths
charge he compar nae 1 Unas Powe. The
Iyconecre dam niger,

The speaker asofoisadon he peon change
Matos fn 6 à CEO who a women coo
Because lh gan and acy, Mateus bos

woseng a cuero commun Uncharted Power a
«Coon nato a They
ave won ser avs, on Bey ove taco os
conning. kr eampe, by unporng the eating
‘tenon main, nd den 6 uss to bck
copo,

rary Sort communes sn wo ca mac

cos Mave Ole Socket tng
‘mercer tem ang tn art vay Ban
as ran ono. Sry, we ut ves
ba at ter ound us ard conser he
ma nes ay apt have.

2. Wein tp no macerar orto
hat as, Knog, norton mr
rot bing 1 Mo tbe? Matos gt her a
Dying tom ante engin Nora Por x
erpyess hae none fon er persa es
We an ook st ur haces, as Maths
‘rough tres chaces?

PAIRS Do you think the takeaways are useful? Are there other takeaways you can think of?

Read the model again. Complete Kate's notes.
=

BE oo

un a

he Sedat] sor bal Wat os grd when pled wth
ser are hour of play an ah 3 bout
sen tae our
Uncharted | ter calage funded company ——©
Puy rated kn energy tops rp rope hated
‘Uncharted |= changed name to Uncharted Power = 1 focus n
Powe | adits ine ohne nn papas Naga
inning fom Disney
Dry [= aer charges rae gender = ae as CEO
ing people hom 30-408 bck or Latino
“inne heurte Harlem = ere neighborond
Was non rte Moa Promising Wim, Farb 30 under 30, Had Th Can
Topps era math, sence design o sade who
pro ben.
2 FOCUS ON WRITING Reports and summaries need be conc and

ce o unneceseynlrmaton Ask youre: Does
Rond the Wing Skil Then reed the notes | the eae nee ths infomation mate infererces

in 1D and the model. heck /)the sentences 2 di conc sanabostir op? ao you

atole | nr ca ttintomaten

1. Jessica O. Mathews got hor fist idea when she was a sophomore in college
2. The diesel generatorin Nigeria created noxious fumes

The Soccketisa soccer ball that stores the energy generated when tis used,
‘The workforce of Uncharted Power is 30-40% black or Latino.
Matthews won awards from Forbes, Fortune, Harvard, and Tech Crunch,
Uncharted Power supports teaching math, science, and design to students

000000

3 PLAN YOUR WRITING

© Bink of lecture or presentation that you have recent attended or choose ane ofthe
tal in hi book Review your notes or take new notes, using the chart 1D as à model

© Pairs Discuss ouriden.

i Ming de
Tim going todo a report on the lecture we just heard “Sleep on tz After your frst da or
about life in the pat ahenever you are feting sick, put

Aide Wot nti the nest day
4 WRITE ‘come back ot Your brn procesos

intormaton and makes connections
‘Write a first draft of a report Remember to omit unnecessary while you seep. Coming back oh

information. Use the eportin 18 as a model ‚ati ch eyes combo you.
a Uae the apart in AB as a nd pus

more ch he wi.

5 AFTER YOUR FIRST DRAFT a

© PEER REVIEW Read your partners report Answer the questions.
+ Does the repor have an overview tha summaries the topic?

+ Isallofthoinformation relevant? Can anything be eliminated? ls more information neo?

(O revise Wite another draft based on the feedback you got from your partner.
@ FROOFREAD Check the speling, grammar,

‘and punctuation in your repo. CERN

www. frenglish.ru

nero EEE

1 PROBLEM SOLVING

© CONSDER THE PROBLEM The word's estimated 7,00 languages are dying a rate of
about one every wo weeks. When language des, unique words and expressions re ost.
Review the chart and reihe correct answers

Hawaïan _| pana poío ‘scratching yourhesd to help remember
invit | tsvarpok feeling of anticipation waiting for someone to arrive
Yeghan _ | mamiblapinatapa | wo people wanting todo something but nether does it
Yiddish _|lufimensch | an impractical dreamer whois bad at business

1. Thoterm utmenschs tho opposite of romantic / entrepreneur idealist
2. You might stop outside to check or a guest when you fel mamihapinatapai/
Ilasunpok pana po.
4. The phase thot mos ests to memory is mamihapintapa/tsuorpok/ pana pot.
© min camcauLY Why do you think so many ofthe worlds languages are disappearing?
Why might this be considered a problem? Discuss witha partner

FIND À SOLUTION Consider the problem mamihlapinatapai and possible solutions
topo and pos

in small groups.
Stop 1 Brainstorm Think 013-5 ways that wo can prevent somo of the world’s languages

from disappearing,
‘Step 2 Evaluate Choose the best solution. Consider the impact thatthe solutions will have
‘on preserving world cultures and iversiy

Step 3 Present Explain the best olution t the class, Refrto the chart to support your ideas

2 REFLECT AND PLAN

Look back though thew
learned Highight the things you need to lear.

Check(s1the things you What wil you doo learn
the things you highlighted?

Speaking Objectives Pronunsion ication
Dtokstouts DAuyhod As teoria
echngiog and sein ‘esters rom
ees memes no pp: do

D EE
Doses en porn

EE 10

nr nie

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
rm Listen. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin the box.

highseason lowseason — planahoad — aniineray — planout adaytip
playitbyoar open-ended impromptu serendipity taka off

1. They did They just on Friday morning.
Has fn) ip.

2. They don't have a(n) —— Thoyaregoingto_—

3. They went during They took tothe pyramids

PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

betas Listen. Check (7) the correct answer.

1. Does he current live in NYC?

Did sho lose hor wallet a while ago?

Did we retum a long time ago?

2
3. Are the doncors til performing?
4
5

Does Ben sil go on a cruise with his fami in
the summer?

6. Wire they on this vacation recent?

7. Does Ping continue to wi hr parents in China?

8. leit part noon now?

ooo; oooos
ooo| cobbldc
ooo| cojolo

© Complete the blog with the correct form ofthe ver in parentheses,
Use contractions when possible,

To plan or not to plan...?

So, thnow alt of people who lav apache trough Esopo. My brother Zack
eg 10 colo, an Reg een counts Ho
plan, Ever day he serpy. Something torent,

That typeof spontanaty gres me an to travel ut

ne N HEC ab DRG ge bore

going o foreign country. How wil know which language need to know don’ know where
Em gong?

By the way, Zack tothe United States. Hast stop

Belgium. and he — rer ro ever incl He has a good jb, a Fami, and à grat

He! Maybe thee s something to not planing!

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE EEE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin the box

spacecraft arower termafom color inhospitable
‘anasteroid bombard radiation à dust storm toxic

dont usualy hit Earth because they burn up inthe atmosphere
‘at winter we were. by along series of storms.

Intakes about 300 days for a(n). to fly om Earth to Mars

The Araticis _ ‘because ofthe cold weather andthe dark wintes
we. Mars people wll probably hove to live under dome

An) can fil the sky until isso dark that you cant see the sun.

The stream water's now because of pollution from the
The

on Mars moves very slowly, but thas taken amazing pictures.

The workers atthe reactor have tobe caefulto avoid polsoning.

he movies make itlook easy to a planet, but we dont actually know
howto do it yet.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

(O sie Listen. Circle the sentence similar in meaning.

1.@ Allthings are possible with space exploration
i Not many things are possible with space exploration,

2. a. Several people are participating
b. Not many people are participating
3. a. Neitheritem costs a milion dollar
b. Every item coste a milion dollar
4. a. Al pars of the mission were successful
b. Many parts ofthe mision were successful, but afew wore not.
5. a. Notone and notthe other constructions read,
b. One of two constructions ready
6. a. There is no food if.
Bb. There is a litle food lat

© Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe ver in parentheses,

1. Notall applicants m (meet) the requirements fr the space program.

2. Everything (need)tobe calculated precise.

3. More ime (ba) necessary for research and development.

4. Some stars are bright, and others (shine) dimly, depending on size
and distance from Earth

5. Nobody that know. (believe) in exraterostial if.

6. Both scientist (want) their findings to be recognize.

BIE vo casviary LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences withthe correct form of he words in the box

‘abandon rust crumble pool rot
collapse dilpidated moss-covered damage

1. Itlookslke the walle got wet and now the paints
2. Afor too much time under water the wood began to and fall apart
3. The old building inthe earthquake

4, Thehouse was o. thatit looked lke it was going to fall down

5. The anciont bricks eventually into dust.

$. The cool forest was fll of woos

7. Dont leave your bike out inthe rain! I wi

8. There's no one here. The house was years ago.

9. The storm did alot of. KE going tobe expensive to repairitall

TYPES OF ADVERBS.

@ aix Listen. Circle the sentence similarin meaning,

1.@ ins fortunate that no people got hur when the bridge collapsed.
Y. The people wore thankful that they dida got hurt when the bridge collapsed

2. a. We paint our house very often,
b. We dont pain our house very often
3. a. Hove historic constructions, but nt runs.
bo Hove historic constructions including ruin
4. a. Robwil do one of two things
b. Rob il do two things
5. a. You worked honestly on the contract
bo You really did à great job with the contract,
6. a. We are making just enough money
1b We are almost not making any money.

© Rewite the sentences using the adverb in parentheses. Use correct word order.

4. (rarely) They don't do repairs often.
They rarely d repair
2. (truthfully) To be honest your bridge design has many flaws

3. (jus) need some rst remover; | dont need anything else.

4. (mostly) The donations wore made by women primarily

5. (edly) twos strange tht the door opened by sell

6. (hardly They didnt collect much money,

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE KEI

wer eiii

‘VOCABULARY PRACTICE
az Listen. Write the superpowers they are taking about.

superstength telekinesis teleport _ telepathic
Xrayvision ashapeshitor invisible invincible
woman has 5. The man has
2. Hoi 6 The womanis
3. Mineria 7. Hehas the power of

PRESENT AND FUTURE UNREAL CONDITIONAL

(Dos Listen. Check (/)the corect answer

akor doesn't have time to tlk

keris ina position of power

mes works somewhere elo now.

managers’ conversation,

|S. [Troy cannot move the desk by theme

00! coos

oo oblolo
00! ooo

|
|
|
Meine entente |
|
]

Lo. | The speaker wants to do the projet again.

© Rewrt the sontences using the present and futuro unreal conditional
1. Imnota superhuman, so can'tdo eventhing,
IE were a superhuman. | could do even
2. Td like t read minds in orderto know what your thinking

3. We cant teleport so we won't be on time.

4. Superman not here, so he won't help us

5. Mark can' finish that project ina week because he dosant have superpowers

ing you for lunch because have timo,

meet you for lunch if | it

2. Were hiring Claire because she does
Wewouldnt

3. We lear important lessons whon we make mistakes
We wouldat

BEE VOCAL LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences withthe correct form of he words in the box

inspire optimize areflecion persistent
age excel promising
1. When you finisha task take some time for Consider what went well

and what did
2. The speaker's words me to start my search for anew job

3. Even if something i dificult at ret, you should might pay of in
4. The factory isinstaling robots to production

5. With enough practico and determination, Im sure you wil

6. When the child piled wine on the brides gown, she shook wth

7. Thenew team looks very think theyll have a good season,

FUTURE REAL CONDITIONAL

eus Liston Cirle the corect word,

The mans (Gr ready for hisinterviw.
The woman s/n wiling to help him practice.
The man wil / won't get more nervous he thnks about he interview questions.

A
4. The women thinks practice wll/ won't help him.
5. The man s/ isnt sure that he's qualiied forthe ob.

The woman thinks heen qualified,

© Combine the two sentences to form future real conditional Do not change the order of
tha causes Use commas when necessary

1. He should be more persistent. He might succeed
Lhe is more persistent, he might succeed

fe should try this new program, We might achieve optimal result.

3. Lots uso a tial and oror approach, We wil learn from our mistakes.

4, Youilexcelin the new environment. You should accept the job offer

5. [can figure out the problem. | need to reflect on it more.

6. You need to work on your programming skis Your mater soon,

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE FETE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin the box

chumout imte selfevidont resemble intervene
consistently tauma avenge trust
1. Dont you know the answer? seems completly tome!
2. He has psychological problems because he suffered atan early age.
3. You should attend ca if you wantto improve
4. The child star was into the spotlight by hor parents
5. She wrote so many books, She about three a yea
&. Humans have a ‘desire olive in communities.
7. We told himnot to inthe fight.
8. The speakers ideas. something read in an article recent.
9. the same old story about a man who wants to the death ofthe woman
he loved.
PRESENT REAL CONDITIONAL
© > Listen to the beginning ofthe sentences. Chock (4) the correct ending
1. [I ifyouvrantto choose your seats 4. LJ ifthe hero wins
[Zl you can choose your seas, Ü the hero usually wins
2. [we aren busy 5. [someone is hurt?
DO ve werent busy. O is someone hun?
2. DJ toftenhasa sequel 6. [how can the person recover
O when thas a sequel quiet?

O ifthey recover.
© Rewrite the sentences as a general statement of act using present eal conditionals.
(Hint: Change the definite article the tothe indefinite article 2/an)

1. | did lke the movie because the ending was obvious.
L dont lie a movie if the ending is ob

2. There was à new superhero movie, so Jackson went to sea

2. The audience liked the movie because the characterhad a great origin story.

Anna cried because the movie was sad.

The book was boring, so fell asleep.

6. The story was inspirational because the character overcame a traumatic event.

BED vo casviary vance CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
‘beet Listen. Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words in the box.

‘prodigy renowned avituoso Knowledgeable a genius
talent insight sited alegend

1. Coach Talbert itn). around her

2. Mara always hs dose

3. Thetid san

A Rows is very about tis place

3. Tomis mathematics, buho asno, forms
& Dr Sma per

VERB + GERUND VS. INFINITIVE

@ vo Listen. Check (/) the correct answer

‘The speaker wants to know whether or not you re

They never py soccer any more

‘The speaker wanted to take piono lessons but probably didnt.

They wish they had not gone tothe ballet

“The speaker did not go tothe concert

‘Alex continued to play after he was injured,

© Complete the sentences by restating the first sentonce or par of sentonces.
1. Julie wants to be healthier, so she no longer eats sugar.
Jule stopped ating sugar
2. The championship game was awesome! Marc scored the winning goal
Mare wll never forget
3. Kelly lived in New York but she dit ike She moved back to Canada,
Kelly tied
4. got my sister a Binhday card, didn't forget ti yo.
remembered
5, Scott joined a book lub, but ho doesnt lke Plus it takes too much of his time,
Scott regrets
6. Even after the music stopped, Isabel continued to dance.
Isabel went on.

7. Sony didnt call you ost night fll asleep
meant

8. We've been working on this project nonstop for hours. We should eat soon.
Lets stop.

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE ESI

wer eiii

‘VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentonces with the correct form of the words in the box

act craft amap map an approach approach

adeuil detail afocus focuson acomment comment

1. Wave out our route fr next summer's road tip, butt very general.
inthe as the time gets close

2. The phone keeps ringing and I cant my work

3. Did you see that article? There are over 1,000 aboutit from readers!
lalmost onitmysell, but | decided netto say anything,

4. My cousin loves to do especialy sewing and jewelry:making,

5. Sho always takes a veryearell to solving problems.

&. Atthe meeting the boss plans fr cutting costs. The company's

is going 10 be on using more robots and paying less for labor

7. The politician à careful worded statement to avoid getting into trouble.

8. Teresa large ‘ofthe world onthe office wal

9. Youshouldnt any wild animals they could be dangerous.

GERUND USAGE

008 Liston. Wait

the gerund you hear. Then ch

God | Sue el ohne

[ 1. creating D [=] a D
E go | o [a] o
E O QO [e] [a
pa D | 0 D D
[5 o | o [a] [a]
is o fo a] D

Combine the sentences. Change the ver in bold to à gerund.
1. We watched that movie last night We had a great ime,
We had a great time watching that movie lst night.
2. He reads fantasy books. He enjoys it.

3. Tm ying to understand the plot. Im having trouble.

4. He always comments on my posts. Im tired of

5. She’ wating a novel. tisn't easy

6. He worries he won't succeed. tis his biggest fear.

BEE] VOCAL LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words inthe box.

animagination a perception detectable a combination visual associate

1. Reading a review of movie before you see it can affect your oft.
2. She has an amazing You should see her strange drawings!

2. Ifyou look closely you can see the spots, but they are barely

4. Groon with purple is strange of colo.

5. Doyou. (rain songs with certain times in your if

6

If you lose your eyes, can you picture the colors ofthe rainbow? Some people have
a much more view of the world than others

VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE

© six Listen. Check (V) the correct answer

The watch detects my heart rate

The speaker explored new horizons

Alyssa parent suggested that sho find a career in muse

‘Astondance is not required atthe meeting

ker thinks Jim probably won't nich the book today.

Thea

opoobas
oooblao

Daniel eft ear.

© Report what the person said using the verb in parentheses and an object + infinitive
Use the simple past tense
1. John said, You should listen to classical musi

(advise /me) John advised me to listen to classical music

Ela said, "Don't be late

(asked u).

Jack said, Imagine the posabilnies”

{want/me).

4. Amira said, Remember to turn offthe lights before you leave:
(coming / us)

5. Chris said, "Could you not sing so loudly?”
(ould ike / you

6. Isa, "You shouldn't combine those colors
(war them).

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE EEE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Roue Listen. Gele the word that describes each animal.

1. The woman thinks the frogs are adorable / magnificent. The man thinks they are exotic / gross
2. They thnk the eagle ie precious / magnificent and unique / cut,

3. The man thinks tho fiche grose/ striking, The woman think tis bizarre / astonishing,

4. Tho man saw a lot of exote / adorable birds. The woman thinks the bird the picture
isastonishing / peculiar

ARTICLES FOR GENERAL AND SPECIFIC NOUNS.

‘pats Listen. Isthe noun general or specific? Check (/) the correct answer

ls: [deg 8 | 0 4. [cepas | OF | O
Em to ol Else oo
Fiese | O | O e [pore oo

© Completo Avas message to her sister with, an the, or O(n ani),

00

Hizoe,

‘Seving how you spend hours and hours watching out animal videos, | know you rely want to got

à pet. es te that 2 pets are grat companions and pro
m m
Ky dogorho

me commitment ivohed inp

cari socia support

cat. But please think

aimer. Your so buey. Do

forthe ours. A

‘of course, fun
care about whats moved,
Fest, you ned to consider

puppy or ten?

You Shui als thnk ab exDense During Voy to pay or

animals food, vr

ur
ins, ml car, and tos. Depor 0 y po at you cha,

you may also n00d 1 get 290 OF eg aquarium

sr
You shout also thnk cry about what kd af pets most sutable or you. You have.
ultime ob, 0 you might consider et
general be ef alone for ong

and easier to take care o,

ar

PO y Ca NCA Ot gy 009 SO ep

y senos of ne. Or maybe you Sheu gt someting emaler
ve YU AUD aut ag GON OF
Whatever you decide, st remember that once YOU 20091 animal, you're response or

hamster?

ds. You ane your po Sets so peso take tis decision
very seus, Perhaps this rt yy best timo o Sl a pet And remember, you'e not randy
can always continue watching ermal videos! ©

Low,

EZ VOCAL LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences withthe correct form of he words in the box

fear pessimiste alilespan asholor
conduct extensive extroverted excitable
1. Afcan elephants have along They can lve about 70 years,
2. Mycati really. ‘She always hides when people come over
3. Hearing all the bad news about climate change makes me about
the future
4. you an) person, ts hard fo you ta spend alot of time alone.
5. They need to more research to find out what’ causing the fish to ci.
6. Mydogis super. He runs around and barks every time someone walks
past the house.
7. | used to volunteer at an animal. ding the summers
8. tsa good dea to do research on anew product before you buy it

QUANTIFIERS WITH SINGULAR VS. PLURAL VERBS

© ptas Liston tothe beginning ofthe sentences. Ciel ho correc ending

1. does
3. hase dog have 8 dog

4. isimtedtocats are limitado cats
o areveryeain

4. is decessing are decreasing

© Rewrite the sentences using the quentiier in parentheses, When necessan
verb to agree with the subject.

change the

1. John's puppies are relly excitable.
{each of Each of Lors puppis is really excitable
2. Those kitens were adopted,
y one of
3. Thoroseorch is avilable online.
(all)
4. Thatreponis incormet
{half of
5. The residents in my apartment complex own cat.
{Twenty percent of)
+. The animals inthe shaker never get adopted

some of.

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE EEE

wer eiii

‘VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences wth the correct farm f the words nthe box

grove moun how holda grudge

dvetbomb scold be selfaware feel guily

1. Dont make my ser mad She can fora long time!

21 {or hurting his feelings Tres didn't mean to

2 ty whenever play plano lt sounds Ike hes ying to sing along.

4. Thotoacher the chien fr aking during the lesson

3. Now that my doughteris 18 months od she ‘he can recogniae herself in

e foriavt, mo died a couple years ag

7. Oken you oe birds toward the ocean in orderto get food

A aersomeone we know dies

ARTICLES FOR KNOWN AND UNKNOWN INFORMATION

© #s Listen the noun known or unknown? Check (/) he correct answer

1. wot [2 dog [a dog [a chimponsoes [5. bird [6 ken

ojpoj|o [a] a a
alolo ooo Qo

© Complete the sentences with the correct form of
‘edd an article,

1. (olophont) Elephants —_ or very social creatures. We saw. and
ite mother atthe 200 last weak atthe 200 were wrapping thelr trunks
together to hug and show afocion,

2. (com) read a story about lost, abandoned kien. suddenly dive
bombed the kinon. Everyone gasped because they thought would
hurtthe baby cat They were shocked to discover wae sting worms
into the kitte’s mouth, guess are ver caring animals

3. (octopus) A research team in New Zealand aught how to take
photographs. The team placed a waterproof camera near in tetank
Whenever took picture, the team rewarded with a ack. It took
the team about eight weeks to train. to bea photographer.

4. (wolf A researcher recently conducted a study on and found hat

noun in parentheses. You may need to

‘they communicate with more than just howls, They ao whine, bark, grow, and ana
that the researcher observed worked together o hunt raie thee

young, and proteattheirtertry

BED vocasviary LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
‘Pest Listen, Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words in the box

aparnenhip lease supplier cashflow cut corners
beiniheblack — beinthered breakeven profitable flop

2. Carol and Maria have formed,

3. Lastyear they

4. Robert knows about the. ofthe business

5. He thinks the ice cream store wasnt ln), business inthe winter.
5. The man ass a question about a). forthe restaurant

7. She started à cleaning busines, butt

8. Thoywantto, place downtown for their restaurant.

REPORTED SPEECH PATTERNS.

Ps Listen. Cirle the sentence that reports the conversation

1. a, Shetold Andrew to quithis job.

© He said that he'd heard the news about Andrew
2. a, He suggested expanding the busines.
He said to make some changes.

She told her father that he could borrow some money.
She promised to pay he loan back soon.
He told her to check on Joe
She sad that Joe is doing well
She wamed him not to cut corners.
She proposed cutting some corners.
She told him not to order paper
She asked him to order some paper.

@ write the quotes as reported speech, Use the simple pastof the reporting verb + the
patter in parentheses
1. Calvin said, You should check out the new food truck
{suggest + gerund) Cain suggested checking out the new food truck
2. Mira said, “Business trends change quiet

(explain + that + clause)
3. Oscar told us, "Set reali goals

(encourage + object + infinitive)
4. Lily sai, “TI make some call:

{agree + infinitive).
5. The supplier told me, "Dont wor
(advise + object + infinitive).
6. Our investors said, You shouldnt rush int a partnership”
(propose + gerund)

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE EI

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin the box

a sketch seribble tinker go broke land
an envepreneur pitch publicity cite

1. Come in next week and me your idea

2. My son likes to. with old machines

3. Attho moment I work for someone ele, but like to be

4 Ho on amazing job ata major sofware company

5. The writer thoir sources so you can read more about the topic

6 The company gotalotofnegatve. when their phones started exploding,
7. Wyoukeep spending your money ike that, you'e going to

8. The anis sends me a(n) before she makes the inal drawing

9. He that note so quickly that cant even read it

CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH

‘Post Liston. Circle the sentence that reports the speech

1. a She said that Jennifer wil be devastated because she didn land the job,
She ssid Jennifer wae devastated because she hadn't landed the job.
©. She asked if Jennifer was devasated because she didn lan the job,
>
b
®

2. a, Hed his brother was tating a business as soon as |

Ho sud that his brother would start a business whe

ho graduated
Ho suid his brother had started a businss as soon ashe had
She sad sho could scribble some notes.

She asked if you can scribble some notes
She asked f she could seribble some notes.
4. 2. He asked fl saw his sketches,
He asked if had seen his sketches.
He said that have soon his sketches,
5. 3. She told moto listen tothe new podcast she had discovered.
She said isten tothe new podcast she discovered
She said to listen tothe new podcast discovered,

© change the quoted speech to reported speech.

1. The investors asked us, "What i your next plan?
The investors asked ys what our nent plan

2. Eva said, "ts important to identify what the market needs.

2. Zac sid, “Stop by my food truck sometime,

4, [asked When wil the final decision be made?

5. Jacob asked, “Can pitch my idea atthe next meeting?

+. Tom asked me, “How long have you been working on your new design?

BED VOCAL LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences withthe correct form of he words in the box

a diesel generator a hydroolectricdam an undertepresented community

aninfrastrucure project kinetic energy noxious fumes

à developing county a diverse background

4. When the car exploded, a loto! people got sick from the

2. The. is noisy, butt provides us with electricity when there
power outage

3. The company was criticized for having almost no employees from

4 The generatesalotof power, butits bad forthe animals that ive

5. Not everyone agrees that that nation i af)

$. Something hats huge and moving very fas, Ike an airplane, generates alot of

(ere investing in a large that is going to employ a lot of people:
8. Our employees have expertise in engineering, agriculture, education, public relations, and

COMMON REPORTING VERBS

(psss Liston. Check (/) the verb that can replace the reporting verb.

1. [Z convinced 2. O advised 5. O reponed
O maintained D ivied warned
O reported D requested D urged

2 D promise 4 reminded & Dose
warn DO suggested D begs
O agree D agree O maintains

© Combine the sentences: More than one answer may be possible.

1. Elena wil alk about diversity at our next meeting. She promised.
Elena promised that she would talk about diversity at our next meeting

or: Llena promised to talk about diversity at our next meeting

2. The infrastructure project was completed on ime, Dan mentioned this

3. understand how diese

nerator works Youve already explained it

4, Luca wants to work ona new projec, He requested kt

5. We shouldnt have rushed the plans. Tim warned us about this

6. Weillook fora better solution, Our manager suggested we do so

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE FETE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
osas Listen Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box

personnel time off anincentive — amertraiso — abonus
2 commission aperk — acontibution — flextime transfer
worklead tumover

1. She eams fn on her sales.

2. Hi company has alot of

3. That company has some great

4. His company offers.

5. Her employer makes a 50%. to her retiement account
6 He applied for an) to the Mexico Ciy ofice

7. She gets fn fore the holidays.

8. Hesees all company at some point

9. Sheishoping for a(n)

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: REVIEW AND EXPAND

212 Listen. ice what the speaker would say net.
1.0 rues interesting They were surprising
2 a. needs further explanation b They aren't very dear.
2. a, hisabou70percentafoursafl. They are well represented at our company.
4 a. tstoolonglora coffee break! b. Theyre alot.

5. a, Wsawellrespectednewssource. _b, Theyre very popular

‘ b.

a. Who can itbe? wonder who they ar,

(O Rewrite the sontences. Change the verb from the simple pasto the simple present
1. The company offered free childcare tots employees
The company offers ree childcare to is employees

2. Three hours gave us more than enough time to finish

3. Myworkload increased during the holidays

4. The committee met every other Friday.

5. The news didn't surprise

6. Did people complain about the now policy?

BRO vo casviany vacuace CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words inthe box.

agp afector workforce equivalent sanitation
tendto bringtolight estate turmdowm

1. Theywantedto_— problems about the town at the meeting,

2. Newemplayees have à lot enthusiaem, but that ent true for everyone
3. There area loto to consider before you choose a college,

4, The country needs more immigrants because the is going older.

5. Martin à higher postion to spend more timo with his fami

They soy tha social media sho. ‘of people gossiping in the town square
inthe old days.
7. There are lots of job openings for nurses, and not enough nurses applying fr them,
The hospitals ing to close th
8. Gino works in Its diny job, but he makes good money
9. Maria o askfora raise because she didn't want to seem greedy

PROBABILITY AND CERTAINTY IN THE FUTURE

sas Listen, How certain isthe speaker? Check (/) the correct answer

© Remite the sentences using the future expression in parentheses

1. Alice wil resign oon,

(onthe verge of) Alice ison the verge of resigning soon,
2. Ourcompany wl hire a new CEO.
(ikelyto)

3. John probably won't getthe position.
likly 0)

4, The company willhite ton now employees this month,
(expected to)

5. The policy might not change
(out),

6, The problem willbe broughto light
(cerainto)

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE. EE

wer eiii

‘VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentonces with the correct form of the words in the box

adisparity — byleopeandbounds economie output economie downturn
waive address levelthe playing field tako advantage of
crackdown on ahaven redistribute

1. The company went out of business during the la

2. The government i starting to ‘people who don't pay thertaxes,

3: They wi the registration fo for people who can affordit

4. Does sexism explain the betwen men's and women's incomes?
5. We shouldnt ignore the problem. We should itright away

&. Making sure that poor children get a good education is one way ta

7. Governments use taxes to. wealth from the rich to the poor.

8. Hopefully when the countrys. ‘goes up. will beneft everyone,

9. The town was ln) forimmigrants who had escaped hardships
10. the free gym and poo! as often as coule
11, The cis growing: The population has doubled

EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME

(O esse Listen. Wit the future verb you hear. What does it describe? Then check (the

ure verb Scheduled | Por pan | Action n | Fist of tw
toni be dicas | LI D ola a
2 a a 0 | 0 | 0
E [a] o Oo o | a
ja a D el o | o
E oO o | 0 o | o
ls og | © | o | 0 | 0

© Rewe the sentence to ture time.
+. By the end ofthe day had nished my report

Br the end ofthe day al have fini my cer
tar code changes it affect our business.

3. We were working on the budget all weak

4. When Igot tothe office, everyone was attending a meeting,

5. Did you finish your project before the deadline?

6. We had boon diving for over eight hours by the timo wo got to New York

BEE VOCAL LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
‘beret Listen, Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words in the box

a campaign raise awareness a cause 2 fundraiser 2 sponsor
eka eynical back on track — make diffrence

1. He has ato} attitude

2. She thinks protecting wildlife is an important 0 she tying to
3. They are raising money for research as par of. to fight cancer
4. They havent decided what kindof 77 9 do,

5. The theater pus the names of in the program.

6. The organization has gotten lately.

8. Sho wants people to

PASSIVE VOICE: FORM AND USE

Para Listen. Write the passiv verb you hear, Circe the agent

1. passive verb: _was sponsored _

PTT Ger ehren
2 paiva vrs

Ag ad be schoo mot inom
3. pasivo vrs:
à passive vor:

ie ccm be yourdonatons € notinoun
sp verbe PT

a Ders ». polsion En
Ben

Age: lados: Eine € mitrom

@ Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice, Do not change the verb tense,
Do not include the agent.

1. The company prints the sponsors names inthe program.
Sponsors names are printed in the program.

2. People recognize that man for his generosity.

3. We rised alot of money fora great cause

4. Someone is donating a bulding fora new hospital

5. Our organization has kicked off our annual fundraiser

6. We have already sold more than a thousand ticket

VOCABULARY LANGUAGE CHOICES PRACTICE

wer eiii

VOCABULARY PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordsin the box

food breaking footage — abystander breakdown accompany
consume afaud agitate clckbait biased a perspective

1. 1geta notification whenever there's news.

2. They thoughthe was a real lawyer, bu he was actualy a(n)

3. The documentary showed some amazing from deep in the jungle.

4. Wit few days before you make a decision. Time will give you a now

5. Lona wasn't involved in the accident. She was jus a

&. Fm getting very annoyed all of these. posts im seeing lately, They never
say anything interesting,

7. Ke myiob to check te social media andrespond to comments

8. Franco know the situation could be dangerous, so he asked the police

9. Ike obvious thats stoi against the mayor. never says anything nice
about him.

10. Alot ofthe news we, comes from social media sharing,

11. Esme is voy upset. Try note, her even mor.

12. Canyouhel ‘these instructions for me? They‘ really complicated

PASSIVE VOICE: REPORTING STRUCTURES

(poros Liston. Creo the coroct wor.
1. The president /€EO)is said to be retiring soon
2. The organization i reported t be losing /have lost over ten milion dollars.
3. The politician jouait is rumored to have accopted money
4. Media-sharing ses are / Citizen journalism is thought te have become more accessible

The top journalist is reported to be covering / have covered the str.
The news site has not been proven /s proven to bea reliable source.

Rewrite the sentences using the passiv form ofthe underlined reporting verbs.
1. People balise thatthe storyistnue,
tis believed thatthe stor is true or: __The story is balived to be true
2. Everyone knows citizen journalists are biased.

3. Bystanders zepaitad thatthe suspect had etcaped
4. The police balave the suspectis hiding in the city.

5. They aay the documents were destoyed ina fre.

{6 We assume that this generation is getting all of theirnews on their phones.

EZ vocanviany LANGUAGE CHOKES PRACTICE

wer eiii

Startup 7 - Student's Book - ENGLISH - Advanced 1

About This Presentation

Slide Content

Tags

Categories

Download

Quick Actions

Statistics

Related Slideshows

Startup 7 - Student&#39;s Book - ENGLISH - Advanced 1

About This Presentation

Slide Content

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50

Slide 51

Slide 52

Slide 53

Slide 54

Slide 55

Slide 56

Slide 57

Slide 58

Slide 59

Slide 60

Slide 61

Slide 62

Slide 63

Slide 64

Slide 65

Slide 66

Slide 67

Slide 68

Slide 69

Slide 70

Slide 71

Slide 72

Slide 73

Slide 74

Slide 75

Slide 76

Slide 77

Startup 7 - Student's Book - ENGLISH - Advanced 1