stomach anatomy for allied health science new.pptx

stomach anatomy

1. STOMACH

2. The Stomach J-shaped muscular organ Collects food Mixes it with hydrochloric acid (HCl) Forms chyme Watery mix of food and digestive juices

3. Figure 3-4 Stomach

4. Stomach Location: occupies the epigastric , left hypochondriac and umbilical regions Stomach size is 25 cm long Capacity: 30-50ml (new born) 1000-1500ml (adults )

5. External features - Stomach 1. Three regions Fundus – upper convex dome shaped part Body – lies between fundus and pyloric antrum Pyloric Antrum – lower part

6. 2. Rugae are folds in stomach lining Stretch out to allow stomach to expand with food

7. 3. Two orifices: cardiac and pyloric Cardiac orifice is joined by lower end of oesophagus Pyloric orifice open into duedenum

8. 4. Two curvatures: lesser and greater Lesser: concave and form the right border of stomach Greater: convex and form the left border of stomach. Its upper part consist of cardiac notch which separate stomach from oesophagus

9. 5. Two surfaces: anterior and posterior

10. Sphincters Shhincters are Muscular valves to Control flow of food cardiac sphincter Keeps food from backing up into esophagus Pyloric sphincter Allows highly acidic chyme to enter small intestine

11. Relations of stomach Peritoneal relations: stomach is lined by peritoneum on both its surfaces Visceral relations: 1. Anterior surface related to liver, diaphragm, anterior abdominal wall 2. Posterior surface related to structures forming stomach bed. They are

12. Stomach bed Diaphragm Left supra-renal gland Left kidney Splenic artery Pancreas Transverse colon Spleen

13. Interior of stomach Stomach has from inner to outer following four layers :- Mucosa, Submucosa , Muscularis externa , Serosa,

14. Mucosa Folds or gastric rugae are present in the mucosa Numerous depressions present on mucosal surface called gastric pits Gastric gland open into these pits Gastric canal also present

15. Sub mucosa :- it consists of connective tissue, arterioles and nerve plexus. Muscle coat :-it is composed of three layers of smooth muscle inner oblique ; middle circular ; outer longitudinal. Serous coat :- consist of peritoneal coverings

16. CARDIAC FUNDUS PYLORUS Shallow gastric pits Shallow gastric pits Deep gastric pits Presence of glands Presence of simple branched tubular glands Presence of pyloric glands Muscularis externa -inner circular,outer longitudinal. Muscularis externa –inner oblique Middle circular muscle layer thickened forming pyloric sphincter HISTOLOGY OF STOMACH – mucosa, sub mucosa, muscle coat and serous coat

17. CARDIAC FUNDUS PYLORUS HISTOLOGY

18. Ligaments of stomach Lesser omentum Greater omentum Gastro-splenic ligament Gasstro -phrenic ligament

19. Arterial supply Left gastric artery – branch of coeliac trunk Right gastric artery – branch of hepatic artery Short gastric arteries Left gastro-epiploic artery Right gastro-epiploic artery

20. Right and left gastric veins Short gastric left gastro epiploic veins Right gastro epiploic vein VENOUS DRAINAGE

21. pancreaticosplenic – left gastric. – right gastro-epiploic . – hepatic group Efferents vessels – coeliac group LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

22. Nerve supply Sympathetic: derived from coeliac plexus Parasympathetic: from anterior and posterior vagal trunks