Stomach anatomy ppt 1st year (B.D.Chaurasia)

This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
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1. Stomach Anatomy Double Tap to Add Subtitle PAGE 1

2. There are 4 Quadrants and 9 Regions of Abdomen. PAGE 2

3. PAGE 3 Introduction: Synonym: It is also called as Gaster . It is a muscular bag forming the most widest and distancible part of the digestive tube. It is connected to the oesophagus above, and below with duodenum. It acts as a reserver of food and helps in digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats.

4. Location: It is located at Epigastric, Left hypochondriac and Umbilical region. It lies under left costal margin and ribs. Length: 25 cm Capacity: Varies with age. In new born: 30 ml In puberty: 1 L In adults:2 L In old age capacity decreases. PAGE 4

5. External Features: It has 2 orifices: (1) Cardiac orifice (2) Pyloric orifice 2 curvatures: (1) Greater curvature (2) Lesser curvature 2 surfaces: (1) Anterior surface (2) Posterior surface 2 parts: (1) Cardiac- body & fundus (2) Pyloric- Pyloric antrum & Pyloric canal. PAGE 5

6. Orifices: 1. Cardiac Orifice: It is a point where Oesophagus terminates Stomach. It lies at the level of 7 th costal cartilage and vertebra T11. There is physiological evidence of sphincter at this site but can not be demonstrated anatomically. 2. Pyloric orifice: It opens into the duodenum. It is thick and nodular. It is present physiologically and felt anatomically. It lies at the level of 9 th costal cartilage and lower border of L1. PAGE 6

7. Curvatures: 1. Lesser Curvature: It is concave and forms the right border of the stomach. It provides attachment to greater omentum . (Part of Peritonium covering the stomach) There is a small notch near its end called angular notch. 2. Greater Curvature: It is Convex and forms the left border of stomach. It provides attachment to greater omentum , gastro-splenic ligament and gastro-splenic ligament and gastro-phrenic lig . At its upper end, the greater curvature present the cardiac notch, which separates it from the oesophagus. PAGE 7

8. Surfaces: 1.Anterior Surface: It faces upwards and forwards. 2. Posterior surface: It faces downwards and backwords. PAGE 8

9. Parts of the Stomach: It has 2 parts: Cardiac: Which is divided into fundus and body. Pyloric: It is divided into pyloric antrum and pyloric canal. PAGE 9

10. Fundus: It is an upper, convex, dome shaped part situated at the level of above cardiac orifice. It is distended with gas. Body: It lies between fundus and pyloric antrum. The gastric glands distributed mostly in the body of stomach. It contain 3 types of secretory cells: Mucus or foveolar cells: Secretes the mucus. Chief cells : Secretes pepsin. Parietal cells: Secretes HCl. PAGE 10

11. Pyloric antrum: It is smaller part present below the body of stomach. The pyloric glands are richest in mucus cells. Pyloric canal: It is lowest and narrowest part, which ends in pyloric antrum, then to the canal, then to the duodenum through pyloric orifice. PAGE 11

12. R elations: 1. Peritoneal relation: lesser omentum , Greater omrntum , Gastro-splenic ligament, Gastro-phrenic ligament. PAGE 12

13. Anterior Relations 2. Visceral relations: Anteriorly: Liver, Diaphragm, Anterior abdominal wall. Posteriorly: Posterior surface of the stomach is related to structures forming Stomach bed. PAGE 13

14. Stomach bed: Diaphragm Left kidney Left suprarenal gland Spleen Splenic artery Pancreas Transverse mesocolon Transverse colon Splenic flexor of colon. PAGE 14

15. I nterior layers of stomach: There are 3 interior layers of the stomach: Mucosal layer Submucosal layer Muscle coat PAGE 15

16. 1. Mucosal layer: The mucosa of empty stomach seen into folds known as gastric rugae. The rugae are flattened in a denstended stomach. On the mucosal surface, there are number of small depression that can be seen with hand lens. These are the gastric pits. The gastric glands open into this pits. PAGE 16

17. 2. Submucus layer: It is made up of connective tissue and contains vessels and nerve plexus. 3. Muscle coat: From inner to outside: Oblique muscle layer Circular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer PAGE 17

18. Interior layers of stomach: PAGE 18

19. Blood Supply of Stomach: Left gastric artery (Branch of coeliac trunk) Right gastric artery (Branch of hepatic artery) Right gastro-epiploic artery (Branch of gastro-duodenal artery) Left gastro-epiploic artery (Branch of splenic artery) 5 to 7 short splenic arteries PAGE 19

20. Venous Drainage: Right and left gastric veins- into portal vein Short gastric and left gastroepiploic veins- splenic veins. gastroepiploic vein- Superior mesenteric vein. Pre pyloric vein- Right gastric vein PAGE 20

21. Lymphatic Drainage: Lymph vessels accompany the blood vessels of the stomach. For describing the important drainage of different parts of the stomach an imaginary line is drawn that extends from the cardiac notch to the greater curvature and divides the stomach into right 2/3 rd and left 1/3 rd . Right part is further divided into upper 2/3 rd and lower 1/3 rd. Left part is divided into upper 2/3 rd and lower 2/3 rd . PAGE 21

22. The lymphatics from the above mentioned regions drain into the following lymph nodes. Coeliac nodes left gastric lymph nodes Right gastric lymph nodes Pancreatico splenic lymph nodes Right gastroepiploic lymph nodes Pyloric and hepatic lymph nodes All lymphatic system ends into coeliac lymph nodes Cisterna choli Thoracic duct. PAGE 22

23. Nerve Supply: Sympathetic: T6-T10 Parasympathetic: Vagus nerves and its branches. PAGE 23

24. Functions of stomach: Reservoir of food. Due to Paristaltic movement it makes food soft and mix food with gastric juice. Helps in digestion of food. HCL destroys many organism present in the food and drinks. Mucus secreted from the cells of stomach protect gastric mucosa against corrosive action of the HCL. Substance like alcohol water and salt and drugs are absorbed in stomach. It produces intrinsic factor which helps in absorption of the vitamin b12. PAGE 24

25. Applied Anatomy: Gastritis: (itis= inflammation) Inflammation of stomach. It can be acute or chronic. Peptic ulcer: It is an ulcerative lesion in GI track due to increase acid pepsin secretion. It is divided into gastric and duodenal ulcer. Cancer of stomach: That is the malignant growth of the cells . PAGE 25

26. pyloric stenosis: It is a condition in which opening between stomach and small intestine is thickened. It is mostly congenital. Gastrectomy: which means removal of the stomach. Hiatus hernia PAGE 26

27. Thankyou. @Learningmedico PAGE 27