Stress and its management

Kshirabdhi Tanaya
Tutor,SUM Nursing college
SOA ,DTU,Bhubaneswar

1. Presented By:- Kshirabdhi Tanaya (Tutor) SUM Nursing college SOA,DTU,BBSR

2. This term is used loosely today and still lacks a definitive explanation Stress may be viewed as an individuals reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response, which can be physical, mental or emotional. Introduction to Stress 2

3. According to Selye (1956):- stress is defined as in two ways Stress as the rate of wear and tear with in the body. Stress as the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consist of all the non-specifically induced changes with in a biological system What is Stress/ Definition of Stress 3

4. According to Burges (1997) :- Stress is defined as two ways. Stress is a stimulus that upsets an individuals balance or homeostasis. Stress is an individuals response to a stressful stimulus. 4

5. A stressor is any person or situation that produces anxiety responses. Stress and stressors are different for each person. Types of Stressors Environmental Stressor Noise, pollution, traffic, crowding and weather 2. Physiological Stressor Illness, injury, hormonal imbalance, inadequate sleep or nutrition 3. Social Stressor Financial problem, work demand, social events, loosing a loved one etc. 4. Thought Negative self talk, catastrophizing and perfectionism Stressor 5

6. Acute Stress Chronic Stress Acute Stress :- It is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Chronic Stress :- It is the response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period over which an individual perceives he or she has no control. Types of Stress 6

7. Acute Stress Sign &symptoms Anger, irritability Anxiety, depression Headache, back pain, jaw pain, muscular tension Stomach & bowel problem, increase heart rate & BP etc. Chronic Stress Sign & symptoms Dry mouth, dyspnoea Headache, frequent micturation Irritability, insomnia Fatigue Poor concentration & tension 7

8. Eustress or Positive Stress * The stress that comes from good sources like marriage, birth of a baby, wining the lottery etc is called eustress. Distress or Negative stress * This types of stress comes from bad sources like difficult work environment, overwhelming sights& sounds, threat of injury etc. are called Distress. Other types of Stress 8

9. Internal stress Internal stress comes from inside of us. These are:- -Nutritional stress -Attitudes -Anger,fear,worry -Imagination -Anticipation -Memory -Presence of illness&infection External stress External stress comes from outside of us. These are:- -Our physical environment -Our job -Pollution,trauma,injury -Toxin, micro-organisms -Relationship with others -Home 9

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11. * This syndrome of symptoms has come to be known as the “fight or flight” syndrome. * Selye called this general reaction of the body to stress is general adaptation syndrome & he described the reaction in three distinct stages Alarm reaction Stage Stage of resistance Stage of exhaustion Stress as a biological Responses 11

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13. It is the body’s initial reaction to a stressor When the stressor threat is identified, the body’s response is a state of alarm. During the stage, the physiological responses of the “fight or flight” syndrome are initiated. Alarm reaction is mean to counteract a danger by mobilizing the body’s resources for immediate physical activity. 1. Alarm reaction stage 13

14. Stressor Hypothalamus sympathetic nervous system Lacrimal gland Adrenal medulla Cardiovascular system Respiratory system eye Increased secretions Pupils dilated Release of catecholamine Fat cells Sweat glands urinary system Liver G.I system Increased heart rate , cardiac output Increased cardiac contraction & B.P Increased secretions Increased glycogeno lysis & decreased gluconeogenesis Increased ureter motility & bladder contraction, relaxation Increased gastric secretions & motility Increased respiratory rate & dilated bronchioles Lipolysis 14

15. The resistance reaction is the second stage in stress response and it is initiated by regulating hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and it is a long term reaction. This reaction allows the body to continue fighting and perform strenuous task. If stressor persists, the organism tries to adapt to continued challenges utilizing available resources. Occasionally it fails to fight the stressor, when it is too severe or long lasting. 2.Stage of resistance 15

16. G.H ACTH Gonadotrophins T.S.H mineralocorticoids Direct effect on metabolism resulting in increase serum glucose Increased B.P Increased fluid retention ADRENAL CORTEX Initially , increase sex hormones Later, decrease secretion of sex hormones Thyroid gland stimulates 16 STRESS Hypotha lamus Pituitary gland releases Increase basal metabolic rate Decrease libido vasopressin Glucocorticoids Increase sodium and water retention Increase gluconeogenesis Decrease immune response Decrease inflammatory response

17. Stress persist for a long time. Environmental demands or strains exceeded available resources. The adapting energy is depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function. 3. Stage of exhaustion 17

18. Strategy-1 :- Get moving Put on some music or dance. Swimming or cycling. Take your dog for a walk. Use stairs at home rather than other sources. Regular exercise etc. Stress Management 18

19. Strategy-2 :- Engage socially Help someone else. Have lunch or dinner with friends. Call or e-mail to an old friend. Accompany someone to the movies. Strategy-3 :- Avoid unnecessary stress Learn how to say “no”. Avoid people who stress you. Take control of your environment (which is unpleasant to you like tv sound, switch off the TV) 19

20. Strtegy-4 :- Alter the situation Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. ( if you can’t bother someone else due to any problem then you can communicate openly to her/him). Be willing to compromise. Manage your time better. Strategy-5 :- Adapt to the stressor Reframe problems-Try to view stressful situation from a more positive perspective. Adjust your standards- See reasonable standards for yourself & others. 20

21. Strategy-6 :- Accept the things you can’t change- Look up for upside. Learn to forgive. Don’t try to control the uncontrollable. Strategy-7 :- Make time for fun & relaxation Go for walk. Do something for enjoyment. Listen music Take a long bath Watch a comedy 21

22. THANK YOU