stress.pptx psychology class 12 understanding source of stress

Stress class 12 psychology

1. Understanding Sources of Stress Exploring various stressors and their impact on health and well-being

2. Hassles are daily annoyances that accumulate, leading to chronic stress levels over time. Life events big / small, can significantly alter our routines, creating increased pressure on mental health. Understanding these stressors is crucial for developing effective coping strategies and resilience. Traumatic events like accident, earthquake, fire, flood, can have lasting impacts, resulting in emotional distress and psychological challenges. Exploring Types of Stress: Life Events, Hassles, and Traumatic Experiences

3. Effects of Stress on Wellbeing Stress can lead to heightened anxiety , depression, and mood swings. Individuals may experience emotional exhaustion and a decline in their overall mental health, which can affect relationships and daily life. Emotional Effects of Stress Stress impacts cognitive functioning by causing difficulties in concentration and decision-making. It may lead to memory problems and a reduced ability to process information, which hampers daily tasks and performance. Cognitive Effects of Stress Chronic stress can result in various physical health problems such as headaches, gastrointestinal issues, and heart disease. The body reacts by releasing stress hormones i.e. adrenaline and cortisol which can harm the immune system over time. Physiological Effects of Stress Individuals under stress may exhibit changes in behavior, such as increased irritability or withdrawal from social interactions. Stress can also lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms like substance abuse or poor dietary choices. Behavioral Effects of Stress

4. Stress affects both physical and mental health . Common symptoms during stress: stomach upset, fever, nausea, body aches. Chronic stress leads to burnout — emotional, physical, and psychological exhaustion. Mental signs: anxiety, irritability, hopelessness. Physical signs: fatigue, weakness, low energy. Stress weakens the immune system and increases illness risk. Linked to heart disease, high blood pressure, ulcers, asthma, and headaches. 50–70% of physical illnesses are stress-related. 60% of doctor visits involve stress-induced symptoms. Stress and Health

5. General Adaptation Syndrome and Stress Studied by selye General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describes the body's response to stressors through three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. In the alarm phase, the body reacts with immediate physical symptoms. During resistance, it attempts to adapt, but if stress persists, the body may enter the exhaustion phase, leading to severe health consequences. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system , impair psychological functioning, and increase vulnerability to various diseases . .

6. Stress and Immune System Role of white Blood Cells How Stress Affects Immunity Stress impairs the immune system, weakening the body's defense. Psychoneuroimmunology studies mind-brain-immunity interactions Negative Emotions & Health Emotions like anger, hostility, and sadness weaken immunity Linked to disorders: panic attacks, phobias, depression T cells : Destroy invaders T-helper cells : Boost immune response (targeted by HIV ) B cells : Produce antibodies Natural killer (NK) cells : Fight viruses and tumors Impact of Stress Reduces NK cell cytotoxicity (key in infection and cancer defense) Lower immunity seen in exam stress, grief, depression Lifestyle Consequences Stress leads to unhealthy habits: poor diet, lack of sleep, smoking, alcohol Temporary relief → Long-term health damage Promoting Health Balanced diet, exercise, social support, and positive thinking strengthen immunity and enhance well-being

7. Discover various techniques to effectively manage stress and promote a healthier lifestyle for better emotional and mental well-being. Effective Coping with Stress Strategies Task-Oriented Strategies Task-oriented strategies focus on addressing the source of stress through problem-solving and taking actionable steps to reduce stressors. Emotion-Oriented Strategies Emotion-oriented strategies aim to manage your emotional response to stress, often through support networks or relaxation techniques. Avoidance-Oriented Strategies Avoidance-oriented strategies involve distancing oneself from stressors, but can lead to unhealthy patterns if relied on too heavily for coping.

8. Promoting Positive Health: Building Resilience and Well-Being Stress Resistance Personality Developing a hardy personality allows individuals to handle stress more effectively, maintaining emotional balance and fostering adaptability in challenging situations. Life Skills Mastering essential life skills such as assertiveness and time management empowers individuals, enabling them to navigate stressors and maintain a healthy lifestyle with greater ease. Positive Thinking Fostering a positive attitude encourages resilience, helps in overcoming challenges, and promotes better physical and mental health through supportive social connections and self-care strategies.