STUDENT MOTIVATION

Introduction
Objectives
Definition of Motivation
Types of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Application of Motivation in EducatioN
Student Motivation
Factors Influencing the Development of Student Motivation
Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
References
Web Reference-

1. Unit - 3 STUDENT MOTIVATION Presented By: DR. DANIYAL MUSHTAQ [email protected]

2. An Ideal Classroom In ideal classroom, students pay attention, ask questions and want to learn. They do their assignments without complaint and study without being coaxed and cajoled. But , teachers often have students who don’t seem motivated to work on the classroom tasks set out for them.

3. Concept of motivation The word motivation derived from the Latin word " movere " which means to move. The word motivation refers to getting someone moving . Motivation refers to a presumed internal state that causes an organism to move toward some goal. This state may exist because of internal factors, such as insufficient food. It might also develop from external factors. Motive : A motive is something that moves an organism to act.

4. Desire Desire  means having a wish to get something while Motivation  means which inspire us to achieve the goal which can lead our life better.

5. Concept of Motivation Motivation is concerned with the factors that stimulate or inhibit the desire to engage in behavior. Motivation makes us kick like an engine leading to action and performance. It is defined as a pushing or moving power that makes an individual to strive to achieve a set goal despite difficulties. Motivation provides the necessary force or impetus for learning or for performing any work that is worthwhile. Motivation comes from the word motive. Motives are desires to attain certain goals.

6. What is Motivation? Motivation is a psychological and human aspect. It is the act of inspiring students to devote maximum effort to achieve their goals. It points out students in the right direction and attempts to keep them going in that direction. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior.  Motivation is used in Psychology as education to boost and direct student behavior. Motivation is your inner drive.

7. Motivation Anything that initiates activity. The desire to learn. Motivation is an internal or external desire to achieve a goal in life. Motivation is a process that controls and maintains certain behaviors. An Internal state that arouses, sustains, and activate behavior. Internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; Desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior

8. Motivation Motivation is the driving force that makes people to run towards their goals rather than trudge towards it. Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal. Motivation is an internal process that makes a person move toward a goal. Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal- oriented behaviors. Motivation is the force that energizes and directs a behavior towards a goal.

9. Motivation Process Motivation involves the processes that energize, direct and sustain behavior as shown in figure. It can be thought of as an internal process that activates, guides and maintains behavior overtime.

10. Cont. ‘Activation’ starts you off, gets you going. ‘Guidance’ determines what you do, what choices you make and what interests you pursue. While ‘maintenance’ ensures that this activity continues over time.

11. Extrinsic Motivation Motivation is concerned with the factors that stimulate or inhibit the desire to engage in behavior. Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as appreciation, praise, Rewards, fame, grades, compliance, and competition .

12. Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation is when you do something to get a reward or avoid a punishment . This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual. 

13. Examples Examples of external factors in extrinsic motivation include: (i) Incentives or reward (ii) Praises (iii) Competition (iv) Counseling (v) Punishment (vi) Parental expectation (vii) Availability of materials and interesting apparatus (viii) Success challenge from friends (ix) Previous performance

14. Factors that Enhance Intrinsic Motivation Some factors that enhance intrinsic motivation include the following : (i) Curiosity (ii) Goals set by individual (iii) Interest (iv) Mental stimulation (v) Greatness mentality/desire to excel

15. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation comes from within the individual. When you are intrinsically motivated, you do something for the personal satisfaction. An example of intrinsic motivation is completing a puzzle because you find it challenging. Intrinsic motivation is the ultimate goal in education at every level.

16. Cont. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding. This contrasts with extrinsic motivation, which involves engaging in a behavior in order to earn external rewards or avoid punishments. e.g., Interest, curiosity, personal challenge and improvement

17. Motivation Cycle

18. Need A need is lack or deficit of some necessity. It’s a state of physical deprivation that causes tension.

19. Tension The tension caused when the person is deprived of basic necessities of life as food, water, and sleep, causes imbalance. For any goal directed behavior, need is the first condition or stimulating factor.

20. Drive Need leads to drive, which is the second step towards achieving goal. Drive can be defined as the state of tension or arousal produced by need. It is the state of heightened tension leading to restless activity and preparatory behavior. For instance, when person is hungry and/or thirsty, he seeks to reduce this drive by eating and/or drinking.

21. Incentive Environment that activates, directs, and maintains behavior is called incentive. It can be anything as long as it has either positive or negative value in motivating behavior. For example: behavior like eating food is an incentive that reduces the drive of the person caused by the need to fulfill his hunger. The reduction of behavior then cuts off and restores balance in an organism.

22. Goal The reduction of tension in the body can be considered as the goal of any motivated behavior. Let’s go back to the example of a hungry man. A hungry man eats food, and his body restores to a balanced condition. This then reduces the tension. This reduction of tension as a result of an energized activity is called goal. Once the goal has been completed, the organism is again ready for another goal-motivated behavior.

23. Components of Motivation There are three main components of motivation and those are activation, persistence, and intensity. Activation  is the decision to start doing a certain behavior. Persistence , is continuing to put in the effort to achieve a goal even when obstacles appear. Intensity  is the concentration and energy that someone puts into accomplishing his or her goal.

24. Usefulness of Motivation Its use helps pupils to pay attention in class. It can lead to self-discovery and independent inquiry. It stimulates pupils to higher achievement. It helps establish cordial relationship between teacher and pupils especially when pupils find learning less boring and less confusing. More learning outcomes are assured. When pupils achieve through motivation, attendance at school becomes regular

25. Effects of Motivation Motivation can have several impacting effects on how students learn and how they behave towards subject matter. Provide direction towards goals Enhance cognitive processing abilities and performance Direct behavior toward particular goals Lead to increased effort and energy Increase initiation and persistence in activities

26. Symptoms of Lack of Motivation Losing interest quickly Not finishing things that you have started Procrastinating and putting off doing things Avoid doing things Being passive Thinking that you're weak Feeling trapped Feeling lonely, dull and gloomy Wanting to improve your life, but not doing anything about it Having no objectives or goals, or ambitions

27. Reasons for Lack of Motivation Depression Fear of failure Low self-esteem Lack of interest Procrastination habit Stress Academic Pressure Lack of Love Unhealthy Home Environment Lackadaisical (Lacking Spirit or Liveliness) Attitude of Teachers Lack of self confidence

28. Factors That Affect Student Motivation Student motivation can be affected by several factors. These factors include: Parents involvement, Teacher enthusiasm, Rewards, Peers, Learning environment, Personal experiences, Personal interests of the student,

29. Factors That Affect Student Motivation self-esteem, self-image (how you perceive yourself/the mental picture).  Home Situation Teacher Behavior Teacher-students relationships Teaching strategies Interactive activities Self-efficacy  Showing respect for the student Assignments and Grading Strategies

30. Strategies to Improve Motivation Praise and Blame/Reproof Rewards and Punishment Knowledge of Results Success and failure Competition and Rivalry Learner’s own Deep seated motives Providing opportunities for self-expression Creating Problematic Situations Use of play way techniques

31. Strategies to Improve Motivation Use of AV aids Graded Lessons Provide meaningful choices Protect the student from embarrassment Build positive self confidence through evidence of success Match instructional activities to students learning needs Model learning with enthusiasm Use cooperative learning approach Provide celebrations for success

32. Standards for Maximizing Student Motivation The student must believe that learning is… Valuable Involving Successful Safe Caring