Study Of Mental Symptom, Mental [email protected] Momin.pptx

Study of Mental Symptom,Mental state,Disposition,Constitution,Temperament and evolutionary Study of Homoeopathic Materia Medica
-Dr.Afiya B.Momin.MD Scholar.
(Dept of Homoeopathic Materia Medica)
Dr.J.J.Magdum Homoeopathic Medical College and Postgraduate Research Centre, Jaysingpur.

1. Study Of Mental Symptom, Mental State, Disposition,Constitutions,Temperaments and Evolutionary Study Of Homoeopathic Meteria Medica

2. Mental Symptom Introduction Mental Diseases and Mental Symptoms are usually misinterpreted by Homoeopaths. Those symptoms of Mental Disease are not Mental Symptoms. They are the symptoms of a disease. Those symptoms in the mental level that have no connection with the physical disorders are mental symptoms. Mental symptoms and mental characteristics are also different. So we can have the following 3 categories of mental strategies . 1. Mental Symptoms of Mental Disease 2. Mental Symptoms that have no relationship with corporeal Disease. 3. Mental Characteristics (that individualize the patient ). E.g. : Delusions, Hallucinations, Suspiciousness etc. are the symptoms of schizophrenia. So they have little or no importance in selecting the remedy in cases of schizophrenia . In the present era mental diseases of corporeal origin are very rare. Non corporeal mental diseases are common and corporeal disease of mental origin is the commonest form of clinical presentation.

3. Hahnemann said that mental diseases are psoric in origin chronic in nature, shall be treated with antipsoric remedies. As we know there is no existence of a single miasm in any human being. Each Person has a miasmatic combination with a particular ratio. Each disease shall be interpreted in terms of miasmatic combination with a particular ratio. According to psychiatric terminology Non corporeal Mental diseases can be classified under the following headings along with miasm, 1. Neurosis – Psoric Prominent (Except OCN) 2. Psychosis – Sycosis 3. Behavioural Abnormalities – Tubercular 4 . Alcoholism & Drug Dependency – Syphilitic Among these cases most difficult to treat and cure is Psycosis – (Sycosis). Following disorders come under Psycosis and Sycosis Prominent Miasmatic ratio. Maniac Depressive Psycosis (unipolar & Bipolar) Schizophrenia Paranoia OCN (Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis ) Pathological Rubrics  for the aforesaid types of mental diseases are as follows. MIND – MANIA Alternating with depression (Bipolar) MIND – EUPHORIA – Alternating with Sadness (Bipolar) MIND – SADNESS MIND – Schizophrenia MIND – Thoughts Persistent

4. Definition and Types Mental Symptoms should define the constitution of the patient. It should be a patient symptom or a person symptom. For clinical purpose mental symptoms may be divided in to 3 . 1. Person Mental Symptoms 2. Patient Mental Symptoms 3. Qualified Mental Symptoms . P erson Mental Symptoms & Patient Mental symptoms are confusing statements for one who heard these terms first time in his life. If we are practicing it regularly it is quiet interesting. Mental Symptoms that are considered along with the physical symptoms for fulfilling the concept of totality but is to be removed by the treatment are Patient Mental Symptoms. Those Mental Symptoms individualize the patient but not to be removed by treatment are Person Mental Symptoms . Example, Benevolence is a quality of a person that guides the physician for selection of a curative remedy for him like CARCINOCIN or NAT CARB. But CARC or NAT- C can only cure his disease not able to remove the benevolence in him.

5. Qualified mental Generals (Mental Symptoms associated with a physical General e.g.: Irritability Before menstruation: FOLLICULINUM, Aur, Sulp , Sepia ) While selecting a qualified mental General for repertorisation it should be considered with high intensity. If a mental symptom is qualified with a physical general that can be considered with 3 mark intensity. Never give less than 2 intensity for a qualified mental General. E.g.: Perspiration during anxiety – ACID PHOS, ACID FLOUR, SEP. Person Mental Symptoms are a group of Never Changing Symptoms that can individualize the case. Patient symptoms are the symptoms that can be and should be changed with a properly selected Remedy. Desire for creative activity is a person symptom, by selecting COFFEA or PHOS one can cure the disease of such a person but can’t remove the creativity.

6. Conclusion for mental symptoms Person Mental Symptoms & Patient Mental symptoms are confusing statements for one who heard these terms first time in his life. If we are practicing it regularly it is quiet interesting. Mental Symptoms that are considered along with the physical symptoms for fulfilling the concept of totality but is to be removed by the treatment are Patient Mental Symptoms. Those Mental Symptoms individualize the patient but not to be removed by treatment are Person Mental Symptoms . HG (Hand Gestures) is one of the major person symptoms to be observed by the physician. Positive mannerisms, gestures and personal qualities in the mental level will lead the physician to an all time effective curative remedy and that should be the area to be concentrated by those who are playing with mental symptoms.

7. DISPOSITION It is the predominant or prevailing tendency of one’s spirits; natural mental and emotional outlook or mood. It is the characteristic attitude of a person or a tendency to act in a specified way. It is the way that someone normally thinks and behaves, that shows what type of person they are. It is a natural or acquired habit or characteristic tendency in a person or thing. Each and every person presents himself in a unique manner, with a characteristic behaviour , this is what we call disposition. In simpler words we can say Disposition is for what a person is known for. How do people identify him as a personality.

8. Organon point of view Let us go back to organon and perceive what the master has to say regarding Disposition of the patient. Aphorism 210 “…..in all cases of disease we are called on to cure the state of the patient’s disposition is to be particularly noted, along with the totality of the symptoms, if we would trace an accurate picture of the disease, in order to be able there from to treat it homoeopathically with success.” Aphorism 211 “This holds true to such an extent, that the state of the disposition of the patient often chiefly determines the selection of the homoeopathic remedy, as being a decidedly characteristic symptom which can least of all remain concealed from the accurately observing physician.”

9. Aphorism 212 The Creator of therapeutic agents has also had particular regard to this main feature of all diseases, the altered state of the disposition and mind, for there is no powerful medicinal substance in the world which does not very notably alter the state of the disposition and mind in the healthy individual who tests it, and every medicine does so in a different manner. Every single remedy has a specific state of disposition which is typical to it. Similarly every single patient inherits and acquires traits peculiar to him. If we appreciate the disposition of patient, the final selection of the similimum becomes easy, for their will be and there is only one single remedy which will fabricate the most similar disposition.

10. Elements of Disposition

11. The elements which constitute of disposition are, 1. MENTAL DISPOSITION The inherent and acquired behavioral qualities displayed by patients in the long history of his case and the behavior demonstrated during case taking either knowingly or unknowingly which help us understand their sensitivity and reaction is the disposition of his mind. For e.g.- Angry Disposition- if a person is known for his anger and easily gets aroused to anger. Weeping- if a person weeps very easily now and then, even on trifles. Affectionate- if he is disposed to love and care others. Bashful- if he is extremely shy. Fearful- if he gets frightened easily, least provoke makes him terrorized.

12. 2. GENERAL DISPOSITION General disposition means the inherent physiological parameters which represent an effect manifested over the entire body system in a particular individual. Thermals Side affections Thirst Appetite Desire Aversion Sleep Menses

13. 3.PARTICULAR DISPOSITION Particular disposition is the inherent tendency of the body system which makes it prone or susceptible to certain ailments. In Materia Medica language, we can call it as sphere of action of the remedies or seat of action or organ affinity. It could indicate specific organ affections e.g. Liver-NV, Lyc Git - Lyc, Colo Skin- Sulph The remedy is not regarded as similimum if any of the components is missing in the disposition of the remedy. It should be similimum in mind, in physical generals and as well as in particular disposition to qualify for the rank of similimum.

14. Further Types

15. Next comes the question regarding types of Dispositions that we encounter in our day to day practice. They are as follows , CHRONIC DISPOSITION Chronic Disposition is the state of disposition of long standing, slow progressing, often with imperceptible beginning . ACUTE DISPOSITION Acute disposition is the altered state of disposition of a recent origin Dr.Hahnemann, admonishes regarding the significance of Disposition as under, Aphorism 213, We shall, therefore, never be able to cure conformably to nature – that is to say, homoeopathically – if we do not, in every case of disease, even in such as are acute, observe, along with the other symptoms, those relating to the changes in the state of the mind and disposition, and if we do not select, for the patient’s relief, from among the medicines a disease – force which, in addition to the similarity of its other symptoms to those of the disease, is also capable of producing a similar state of the disposition and mind.

16. SIGNIFICANCE OF DISPOSITION It helps in the final selection of remedy and it is the chief guide in determining the remedy Improvement in the mind and state of disposition convinces us for the medicine has effected in the constructive decline of the disease. Any decline in the mind and disposition prove to us of erroneous selection of the remedy

17. CONSTITUTION The term constitution is derived from the Latin noun, constitutio , which means an arrangement or physical make-up. Constitutional means that which affects the whole; the inherent natural make-up or structure of a person or thing; the way something is arranged in reference to its composition, construction or nature; that which relates to the physical and mental health or make-up. The term, constitution, is closely related to the word, diathesis, which means an inherited or acquired constitutional disorder. Therefore, there may be inherited and acquired dispositions and diseases that affect the whole constitution. Stuart Close defines constitution as “that aggregate of hereditary characters, influenced more or less by the environment which determines the individuals reaction, successful or unsuccessful , to the stress of environment”. J.T. Kent says “physical constitution is the external disorder following disorder in the man, the vital force”

18. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTION CHINESE Concept – YANG & YIN AYURVEDIC Concept – VATHA, PITHA & KAPHA HIPPOCRATIC Concept – SHORT and THICK & LONG and THIN. According to him first type is prone to apoplectic conditions and the second type is prone to tubercular affection. BAZIN Concept – classified constitution into 3 types – SCROFULOUS, GOUTY & SYPHILLITIC VANNIER’S & ZISSUS Concept – CARBONIC CONSTITUTION, PHOSPHORIC CONSTITUTION & FLUORIC CONSTITUTION

19. Dr. Leon Vannier classified constitution based on chemical element in Carbonic-correspond to vitality origin from psora and affect epithelium Fluoric-originates from syphilitic miasm affect elastic tissues Phosphoric- correspond to lack of vitality , originates from tubercular miasm and affect serous membrane Thomas paschero of Argentina , classified and compare the pathology process with hahnemann’s miasms Inflammation correspondes to excitation and it is psora . Proliferation correspond to inhibition and hence it is sycosis . Desteraction correspond to loss of function hence syphilis.

20. Grauvogl’s Classification – In 1870 homeopath Dr. Von Grauvogl classified constitution most of homeopaths accepted this classification.which is as followes - Carbo Nitrogenoid Constitution – result of insufficient of oxygenation and excess of carbon and nitrogen, caused deficiency disorders and perverted nutrition. Psora of Hahnemann resembles carbonitrogenoid type’ symptom aggravated by excessive eating, resting and sexual excess.eg. breathlessness, respiratory disorders, fast pulse, constitution or diarrhea , flatulence etc Oxygenoid Constitution -an excess of oxygen result into breakage of hydrocarbons and nitrogen.leads to destruction of tissues and bones. better feels in rains or cold weather and by rest and food taking .Syphilis of Hahnemann resembles the oxygenoid type symptoms increase at seasore or low altitude. Hydrogenoid Constitution –excessive hydrogen leads to water retention in blood and tissue.Sycosis of Hahnemann resembles the hydrogenoid type. Symptoms aggravated by bathing,eating sea food.

21. Dr. Leon Vannier classified constitution Carbonic constitution – The characteristics of carbonic constitution are mentally and physically upright persons, having square white regular teeth, slight acute angle between Lower-arm and upper-arm, orderly, undemonstrative, responsible and capable. They are Psoric , Cal carb, kali carb, mag carb, nat carb, graph, carbo veg, carbo anim are the drugs having this constitution . Phosphoric constitution have scroflilous or tubercular diathesis. Tall, thin delicate, easily tired persons with long yellow teeth but well fitted. Arm forms perfect straight line when stretched. Dislike hardwork but orderly and fastidious. Usually sycotic , Calc phos , phos acid, kali phos , phos , mag phos are the main drugs . Flouric constitution is characterized by unbalanced irregular body formations with obtuse angle or outstretched arm, teeth irregular and ill fitted, untidy, cunning and unreliable. Capable or heroism, sanctity and wickedness. Predisposed to diseases or nervous system, dislocation of the joints and suicide. Mainly Syphillitic . Flouric acid, calc flour are the main drugs.

22. Hydrogenoid constitution is characterized by the excess of water in the body. They are aggravated by moisture and humidity, prone to dropsy and anasarca , and suffers from tissue growth of benign type. They are slow, fatigued, without life, apathetic, heavy, and indolent. Slow nutrition. Asthmatics, rheumatics, obesity. They belong to the Sycotic group. Ars , Dulc , Nat sulph , Nit acid phytolacca , Rhustox , Thuja , Dig etc. are the main drugs . Oxygenoid constitution is characterized by the accumulation of excess of oxygen with resultant destruction of tissues. Body is thin and thus ill on change of season. Destructive, disorders involving the genitalia and diseases of central nervous system. Body is prone to ulcerations and self –destruction. Numerous white spots on the nails. Generally of syphilitic background. Calc phos , Ferr phos , Nat phos , Phos , Phos acid, Iod , Sil , Calc , Nat mur , Hell, Tuberc , Syph , Merc sol are the main drugs . Carbo – Nitrogenoid constitution is characterized by excess of carbon and nitrogen and suffers from functional disorders of body and mind, diminution of the absorption of oxygen by the tissues. Psora , eczema, arthritism , marked by erratic working or the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen etc. they are mainly Psoric . Ars , Ars iod , Calc phos , Carbo veg, Hep , Iod , Kali bich , Lach , Lyco , Natr mu, Sulph , Zinc met etc. are the main drugs. Grauvogl’s Classification – In 1870 homeopath Dr. Von Grauvogl classified constitution most of homeopaths accepted this classification.which is as followes -

23. Significance of Constitution in HMM Role of constitution is crucial in treatment and achieving a cure. The Knowledge of constitution of a medicine and constitution of a person on the part of a physician helps to arrive at a greater level of similarity between the person and the medicine . To understand the constitution of a person, a physician must know the person’s physical make up, namely, his build, desires, aversions, and disagreement with foods, characteristics of his discharges and eliminations, and his thermal reactions. Also mental attributes, namely, emotional and intellectual reactions and performances. Various concomitants expressed in relation to the stressful situations like dentition in a child, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause in a female are important expressions which reveal the quality of a constitution . A constitutional prescription should be based on the totality of the mental and physical reactions. It should be able to cover the level of susceptibility, the tendencies, the behavioral pattern and the underlying miasms . Administration of constitutional medicine during acute stage of a disease might prove hazardous. In acute stage of a disease an acute remedy should be selected only on the basis of acute totality. Constitutional medicine should be prescribed only after the acute crisis. It help the individual to have a quick and uneventful convalescence, also effectively checks the tendency to relapse.

24. TEMPERAMENT The Latin verb “temperare,” which meaning to temper or moderate, is where the word temperament originates. Hippocrates documented his patients’ inclinations and symptoms based on the four temperaments, which are the most prevalent biological kinds. These temperaments were dubbed the choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholy temperaments by Hippocrates. The four archetypal elements of earth, water, fire, and air are associated with the key characteristics of the four temperaments and four humours. According to H.A. Roberts, “the homeopathic remedy can remove the morbific influences that are attached to the temperamental tendencies, thus greatly preventing the dangers arising from the temperamental weakness.”

25. According to current scientific theory, humoural fluids, also known as the “medium of life,” make about 80% of the human body. In the classical context, humor refers to a fluid of the animal body, particularly one of the four that Hippocratic physiology considers when determining temperament or mental disposition. This serves as the foundation for the definition of humor, which is a certain temperament or mental state. This is the source of phrases like “they are out of humor,” “she is in bad humor,” and “he has no humor.” Each of the four primary animal fluids, or humours, has a distinct tone, feel, and consistency.bilious (bile) -The earthy yellow bile is angry, dry and hot, the watery. pituitious (clear fluids)- pituitous phlegm is weepy, moist and cold. sanguineous (red blood) -the fiery sanguine blood is passionate, hot and moist. atrabilious ( blackbile ) -the airy black atrabile is melancholic, cold and dry . The psycho-neuro-endocrine system’s (PNE) physiological and psychological operations, as well as its connection to morphological structures, are intimately linked to the Hippocratic notion of temperament.

26. All human personalities, with the exception of people with serious mental problems, may be broadly classified into four categories, which are further subdivided into two groups: extroverts and introverts, according to scientific investigation. Extroverted Personalities: The Sanguine and Choleric personality types are more gregarious, “out-going,” and at ease in large groups of people. They can even stand out in a crowd . Introverted Personalities: The Melancholy and Phlegmatic personality types are more “reserved” and reserved, and they experience anxiety when they are with people, particularly when they are the target of attention.

27. The Four Cardinal Temperaments CHOLERIC  — referred to as a “Type A” personality or  “the doer”  (or “the driver”); he is a hard driving individual known for accomplishing goal. Fundamentally ambitious and leader-like. The choleric temperament has a predominance of the bilious humour that gives them a warm, dry, lean, rectangular or square body, tight muscles and connective tissue Yellowish coloring and a tendency to be irritable, angry and impatient. There is a tendency to liver complaints as well as digestive and intestinal disorders and skin eruptions.

28. 2. PHLEGMATIC   — referred to as  “the watcher”  — they are best in positions of unity and mediation, and solid in positions that desire steadiness. Fundamentally relaxed and quiet, ranging from warmly attentive to lazily sluggish. The phlegmatic temperament has a predominance of the pituitious humour which gives them a chilly, moist, round, oval-shaped body with soft, loose, watery tissue pale or whitish coloring and a tendency towards tearfulness, timidity and indecision. There is a tendency towards weight gain, edema, lymphatic stagnation and genitourinary problems .

29. 3. SANGUINE   — referred to as  “the talker.”  They are expressive in personality, desire influence, and being enthusiastic with people. Fundamentally impulsive and pleasure-seeking. The sanguine temperament has a predominance of the blood humour that gives them a hot, moist, triangular or barrel-shaped body with strong, muscular, fleshy tissue Reddish coloring and a tendency towards pride, optimism and violence. There is a tendency towards high blood pressure, blood disorders, strokes and heart disease.

30. 4. MELANCHOLIC   — referred to as  “the thinker.”  Their analytical personality’s desire caution and restraint, best at attending to details. The melancholic temperament has a predominance of the atrabilious humour which gives them a cool, dry, rectangular or thin body, lack of tissue, thin pipe-stem bones, ashy gray coloring, and a tendency towards pensiveness, depression and nervousness. There is a tendency toward hypo­chondria, disorders of the brain and nervous system, and respiratory complaints.

31. DIATHESIS A specific grumbling or a gathering of conditions in view of a few underlying or metabolic peculiarities can be known as the diathesis. The Greek word ” diatithenai ” implies ” to orchestrate ” A disquisition of the constitution and attitude is almost connected with the investigation of acquired and gained diatheses. A diathesis, the Greek word for demeanor, is a specific condition or carnal propensity that inclines an individual toward a specific grumbling state. In homeopathy, the term “diathesis” refers to a predisposition or constitutional tendency towards certain types of diseases or imbalances in the body. Homeopathic practitioners often consider a person’s diathesis when selecting a remedy. The concept is based on the idea that individuals may have inherent vulnerabilities or susceptibilities to specific health conditions.

32. Types of diathesis Lymphatic diathesis-  closed to psoric factors . like psora , skin eruptions and then  the affections of inner organ results. Uric acid diathesis-  very closed to hahnemann’s sycotic symptoms. this diathesis is also known as lithemic , rheumatic ,gouty or hydrogenoid diathesis. aggravated in cold, damp weather , humid atmosphere, cold application, by residing at the sea bed, by taking  at ervegetables etc. Dyscratic diathesis – very closed to hahnemann’s syphilitic miasmatic symptoms. The degenerative diesases , cancerous conditions etc. Tubercular diathesis – wasting of body, weakness, destruction of the tissue with glandular involvement etc. also call e scrofulous diathesis.

33. Conclusion The Constitution, temperament and disposition was introduced by Dr. Hahnemann, expanded on by Dr.Boenninghausen, clarified by Dr.Jahr, and recorded in the materia medica by Dr.Hering . some modern homoeopaths think that constitutional factors play no role in Homoeopathy, Hahnemann, Hering, Boenninghausen and Jahr studied the effects of the remedies on consti­tution and temperament in their provings and observed in further clinical confirmations . Barnett placed more importance on host constitution in disease whereas Pasteur placed more importance on the role of the pathogen. Hippocrates placed the most emphasis in the congenital constitution although he did not deny the influence of external stress factors and pathogens. The fundamental cause of disease is so closely related to the predispositions of the constitution that it is impossible to ignore its primacy . Great physicians like Hippocrates, Paracelsus, and Hahnemann were well aware of the importance of the constitution in the healing art.

34. Dr.AfiyaMomin,MDScholar Thank You !