STUDY OF PROSTHETIC FEET AND SHOE MODIFICATIONS[1].pptx

STUDY OF PROSTHETIC FEET AND SHOE MODIFICATIONS

1. STUDY OF PROSTHETIC FEET AND SHOE MODIFICATIONS PRESENTED BY : SACHDEVA OINAM (035) RITISHA KALITA ( 036) NEELAMJYOTI BHARADWAJ (038) LALDUHTLUANGA RENTHLEI (039) LAISHRAM JANESHORI CHANU (040)

2. CONTENT : INTRODUCTION SINGLE AXIS DOUBLE AXIS MULTI-AXIAL FOOT OTHER KINDS OF FEET HEEL HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTABLE ANKLE VARIOUS KIND OF ANKLE MECHANISMS CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic feet can be made from wood, rubber, urethane, titanium, fibre glass and carbon fibre . They can be lightweight, energy-storing, or dynamic and some can allow adjustability of heel height. All prosthetic feet should provide passive plantar flexion in early stance, neutral position in mid stance and toe hyperextension in late stance. Among different designs of feet it is worth mentioning those most common in use.

4. FUNCTIONS OF THE PROSTHETIC FEET: To provide a stable weight bearing surface. Shock absorption. To replace lost muscle function. To replicate the anatomic joint. To restore the cosmetic appearance.

5. NON ARTICULATING FEET (SACH) Non articulating feet is known as SACH (Solid Ankle Cushion Heel) feet . It consists of a rigid foot without ankle articulation, where the heel absorbs the shock and the forefoot simulates the dorsal flexion of the foot. ADVANTAGES OF A SACH FOOT -Provides good stability. -available in different heel heights. -durable -less expensive -little maintenance

6. DISADVANTAGES OF SACH FOOT Can not accommodate uneven terrain. Can not be used by very active patients.

7. ARTICULATING FEET ( SINGLE AXIS) These feet allow movement in one plane only (sagittal plane). That means they allow plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. They are used when knee stability is compromised. ADVANTAGES OF SINGLE AXIS FEET Adds stability to prosthetic knees. This foot makes it easier to accommodate uneven terrain in the sagittal plane e.g climbing stairs. The plantar flexion and dorsiflexion bumpers can be easily replaced.

8. DISADVANTAGES OF SINGLE AXIS FEET Moving parts leads to increase weight and increased maintainance . The bumpers may fatigue with time thereby altering the gait of the prosthetic

9. Double-Axis Prosthetic Foot* The double-axis foot allows movement in two directions—forward and backward, as well as side-to-side (inversion and eversion). ADVANTAGES: - Better stability and comfort, especially on uneven terrain. - More natural gait compared to single-axis feet. - Allows for some degree of lateral motion, improving overall foot mechanics during walking.

10. DISADVANTAGES : More complex and expensive than single-axis feet. May still be limited for users with active or high-demand needs.

11. ARTICULATING DESIGNS (MULTI AXIS FEET) This is the types of foot that allows : Inversion Eversion Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion Transverse motion.

12. ADVANTAGES OF MULTI AXIS FOOT: Accommodates for uneven terrain in more than one plane. Rubber bumpers are available in different densities resistance to suit patient needs.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI AXIS FEET : May be considered unstable by some patients since it allows movement in all three planes. Increase in components leads to increase in maintenance and increased weight. Expensive than the SACH and single axis.

14. DYNAMIC RESPONSE FEET ( ENERGY- STORING FEET ) Uses composite materials like carbon fiber Absorbs and releases energy for a natural gait Ideal for active users and sports.

15. MICROPROCESSOR- CONTROLLED FEET Smart feet with sensors that adjust movement Provides satability and smooth walking Expensive but highly adaptable.

16. ENERGY STORING FEET These feet are designed to absorb and store energy during the stance phase and release it during the push-off phase, providing more efficient energy transfer for walking and running.

17. HEEL HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT: Prosthetic feet can be designed with an adjustable heel height to accommodate various footwear and changes in terrain (e.g., high heels, boots, or flat shoes). ADVANTAGES : - Ensures proper alignment and posture while wearing different shoe types. - Reduces strain on the knee, hip, and back by maintaining a consistent gait.

18. ADJUSTABLE ANKLE MECHANISM The adjustable ankle mechanism allows the user to change the stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint, accommodating different activities and terrains. ADVANTAGES: - Provides flexibility for users who engage in a wide variety of activities (e.g., walking, running, cycling). - Allows for fine-tuning of comfort and function based on personal preferences and daily needs.

19. VARIOUS KINDS OF ANKLE MECHANISM Fixed Ankle: Some prosthetics use a fixed ankle mechanism where the ankle joint is static and does not move, leading to a simple design but less flexibility. Articulated Ankle: A prosthetic foot with a joint at the ankle that allows movement similar to the human ankle. This can be either single-axis or multi-axis, with different degrees of motion.

20. Hydraulic Ankle: Uses hydraulic technology to simulate natural ankle movement, providing shock absorption and improving ground contact stability. The ankle adjusts automatically to changes in terrain and walking speed. Pneumatic Ankle: Similar to hydraulic ankles but uses air pressure to control movement. Pneumatic systems can provide smooth transitions during walking and add flexibility for users.

21. CONCLUSION The development of prosthetic feet and ankle mechanisms is highly individualized based on the user’s activity level, lifestyle, and specific needs. Single-axis and double-axis feet provide simpler designs, but for more active individuals or those with specific mobility needs, multi-axial feet, adjustable ankle mechanisms, and energy-storing designs are often preferred for their improved function and comfort. Adjustments for heel height and ankle flexibility further enhance the user’s ability to wear different types of footwear and engage in various activities. This broad range of prosthetic designs and ankle mechanisms enables a personalized approach, ensuring that users can find the best solution for their functional and lifestyle requirements.

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