study skills presentation. about English

Trabalho muito importante para assuntos académicos sobretudo aqueles que cursam o inglês

1. Speaking skills The art and science of effective communication

2. Components of speaking skills Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information. Its form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs, the participants, and the purposes of speaking (Burns & Joyce, 1997). Linguistic competence Discourse competence Pragmatic competence Fluency

3. Linguist competence Speaking is operationally in this study as the secondary stage students ’ ability to express themselves orally , coherently , fluently and appropriately in a given meaningful context to serve both transactional and interactional purposed using correct pronunciation , grammar and vocabulary and adopting the pragmatic and discourse rules of the spoken languages . In other words , they are required to show mastery of the following sub competencies or skills : Accurate pronunciation Adhering to grammatical rules Appropriate vocabulary usage

4. Discourse competence This includes the following skills : Structuring discourse coherently and cohesively Managing conversations and interactions effectively

5. Pragmatic Competence This includes the following skills : Expressing various functions based on context and register Adjusting to context-appropriate expressions

6. Fluency Speaking fluently and maintaining a consistent rate of speech

7. Oral presentation – OVERVIEW Definition & Importance ( according to barras ( 2006, p.72) oral presentations are essential in both academic and professional settings . They require a clear of understanding of the topic and a well - structured approach to convey the information . The hallmark of a proficient speaker encompasses a through knowledge of the topic , genuine enthusiasm , straightforward articulation and authenticity , presentation aims to introduce concepts , capture the audience’s curiosity and urging deeper exploration ) Characteristics of a proficient speaker the presentation process is outlined in four stages: 1. discerning the audiences requirement, or think about what listeners need to know; 2. formulating a delivering strategies, or plan how best to tell them; 3. drafting the presentation (write a draft of your talk) and, 4. check that, preferably speaking from notes, you can deliver your talk at the right pace and with appropriate emphasis in the time available.

8. Purpose of presentation Introducing concepts Stimulating interest Informing audiences Persuading listeners Stimulating discussion

9. Preparing a presentation things we must know before starting Any presentation : Understanding audience requirements Formulating delivery strategies Drafting the presentation Ensuring appropriate pacing and emphasis

10. Important aspect before presenting Knowing your topic Understanding your audience Recognizing the purpose , time, and place of your presentation

11. Participating in discussions Definition and Importance According to Robert Barras(2006 ) Participating in discussion ” refers to actively engaging in a conversational exchange , sharing ideas , asking questions , and contributing insights on a particular topic in a group setting . Engaging in group conversations involves actively contributing thoughts , posing inquiries , and offering insights about a specific subject . Actively contributing , listening , and responding in group settings Understand the Purpose Preparation Active Participation Structured Communication Responsiveness to Feedback and Question Reading the Room Concluding Discussions

12. Expressing point of view Expressing a point of view is a fundamental aspect of most forms of communication , whether it is academic , professional , or personal . However , ensuring that one’s point of view is articulated clearly , respectfully , and convincingly , we use the strategies and techniques to effectively express a viewpoint . Jones & Smith (2015). Clarity of thought - Taking time to research and fully understand the subject. - Organizing thoughts systematically, ensuring a logical flow of ideas. - Avoiding the use of jargon or overly complex language, unless necessary. Emphasizing active listening - It builds a foundation of respect and understanding in a discussion. - Active listening can provide insights that might strengthen one's own argument.

13. Expressing for point of view Expressions for Point of View Examples : "I think that … I believe that … In my opinion … it seems to me that … Asking someone for their opinion : What do you think …

14. Art of agreement Agreeing is more than just nodding along ; it’s na active engagemen Strategies for agreeing Genuine agreement and building on supplementary ideas Expressions for agreement ( When you agree , you can use the expressions such as: yes , I know , I agree , that is right , you are right .)

15. Constructive Disagreement Constructive Disagreement Disagreeing without hostility Grounding disagreements in facts Polite expressions for disagreement ( Yes but …, I know but …, I see your point but …, but don’t you think …? I’m not so sure …)

16. The Etiquette of interruption Interruptions can be understood as rude, but they are not always detrimental . When executed with care , they can steer a conversation back on track or introduce a pertinent point . Softening language Relevant and value-driven interruption ( Use softening language like, "May I interject?" or "I'd like to add something here if that's alright.“ )

17. Chairing discussion Chairing discussion is brief introduce the session as whole and each speaker individually to keep the presentations to the time allowed , and to lead or moderate the 5 minutes discussion after each presentation . Be prepared with a few introductory remarks , and general discussion questions to help guide your session and finally , the chair should work closely with the rapporteur to prepare a short summary of session . Breathe (2019, P.15). Bullet Points : ( Provide for clear leadership and direction – ensuring that discussions are held within some framework for debate, based on an agreed agenda and adhering to established ground rules, standing orders or protocols for how the business should be conducted ) . know the issues and topics being discussed Understand the other group councilors Know how things should be done Be active outside meetings

18. Continuation … Before the meeting ( Clarify the meeting’s objectives , Ensure that the right people are invited to attend , Ensure that all necessary documents are produced During the meeting ( Create a good impression welcome people and clarify roles and responsibilities . After the meeting ( Summarise the key points – who will do what, by when. Ensure the minutes record key , agreements, facts, opinions or quotes.

19. Taking part in debate Bullet Points : Structure for debate ( Develop the resolution to be debated. • Organize the teams. • Establish the rules of the debate, including timelines. • Research the topic and prepare logical arguments… Preparation and conduct Post -debate discussion and assessment ( Audience should be given an opportunity to ask questions and to contribute their own thoughts and opinions on the arguments presented )

20. Conclusion Thanks for your Attention …