Stupas architecture by abhishek abhinav sagar

Stupas architecture abhishek abhinav sagar

1. BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE (STUPAS)

2. Introduction To Buddhism Buddhism( Pali /Sanskrit:  Bauddha Dharma) — religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha “the awakened one”. Buddhism began as an offspring of Hinduism in the country of India. The founder was Siddhartha Gautama . Siddhartha Gautama was born in approximately 560 B.C. in northern India

3. Introduction To Buddhism The Buddha's threefold training is similar to the threefold grouping of the Noble Eightfold Path. VIRTUE – Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood MIND - Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration WISDOM - Right View Right Intention

4. Buddhist Architecture • Principal place of early Buddhist worship is the stupa . Mound shaped shrine with no interior . • A stupa is a reliquary and worshipers gain spiritual merit through being in close proximity to its contents. • Buddhists pray while walking around stupa in an easterly direction (direction of sun’s course). • Central mast at top of stupa with 3 umbrella shapes ( Chatras ). Symbolizes three jewels of Buddhism (Buddha , Law, and the community of monks).

5. The Buddhist architecture has its root deeply implanted in the Indian soil- the birthplace of the Buddha's teachings. The Buddhist architecture began with the development of various symbols, representing aspects of the Buddha's life (563 BCE - 483 BCE). Indian emperor Ashoka, not only established Buddhism as the state religion of his large Magadh empire, but also opted for the architectural monuments to spread Buddhism in different places.

6. The major features of this style are Stupas stambhas chaitayas viharas these have been mere spectators of different eras quietly speaks about the phases of the Buddhist stages.

7. Sanchi Stupa

8. Sanchi Stupa

9. Chaitya Hall

10. Bamayan Buddhas

11. STUPA A stupa is a mound-like structure containing buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship. These stupas are the circular tumuli built of earth, covered with stone or brick, the plan, elevation, section and the total form of which were all derived from circle. Stupa become a cosmic symbol in response to a major human condition: death. With the enlightenment of the Buddha, stupa became a particularly buddhist symbol.

12. SANCHI STUPA there are mainly three main stupas on the top of the sanchi hill which rise about 100m above the plain. Of the three stupa the biggest one is known as the great stupa.

13. THE GREAT STUPA, SANCHI The 'Great Stupa' at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha. It was crowned by the chatra , a parasol-like structure symbolizing high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics. It has four profusely carved ornamental gateways and a balustrade encircling the whole structure.

14. DOME- is a solid brick-work 32.32m in diameter and 12.8m high. The dome has a slight ‘crushed’ profile at top and was surmounted by HARMIKA with a central triple UMBRELLA. The facing of the dome consists of dry masonry composed of hammer dressed stones laid in even courses. The terrace 4.87m high from ground was added thus creating a separate and upper AMBULATORY passage 1.8m wide access to which was provided by a double staircase with high BALUSTRADE, on the south side Plan and elevation

15. There are four gateways known as ‘TORANAS’ at the cardinal points to the compass and are slightly staggered from the railing enclosing stupa. The ambulatory or pradakshina path is fenced by railing 3.35m high all around the stupa. Outside the railing there once stood the famous ashoka pillar, the fragments of which are noticed now to the right of southern torana

16. Axonometric drawing

17. Diff b/w a temple and stupa

18. TORANA Toranas, the entrance to the ambulatory were accepted as the traditional type of ceremonial potals and excel the array of architectural embellishment. Torana consists of two square uprite columns with capital of lion or elephant heads denoting strength. These columns support three separate horizontal panels between each of which is a row of ornamental balusters. These panels are supported by atlantean figures, a group of dwarfs, lions and elephant. The total height of this erection is somewhat 10.36m with a width of 3m

19. The authentic examples of these pillars are those which king Ashoka set up to bear inscriptions conveying to his subjects the leading doctrines of the new faith he had adopted, Buddhism. These are sturdy, finely proportional and properly balanced religious sign posts ASHOKA PILLARS The pillar at sarnath more than 15m high has a group of four addoresed lions with flowing manes, surmounting the capital. These lions originally supported a massive metal wheel with 24 spokes called ‘wheels of the law’. The capital more than 2m high resembles the shape of a inverted bell or lotus bub with series of fluted petals. Above the capital is the abacus which is circular, having broad edge carves with ornamental borders, containing four figure of animals alternate with the four small wheels

20. RAILING OR VEDICA The vedica or railing consists of upright octagonal plan 45cm in diameter spaced at 60 to 90cm from each other and connected by three lens shaped horizontals called ‘suchi’ or needles 60cm deep being threaded through the holes of the upright. The top horizontal bar is provided with coping to drain out rain water.

21. Dhamek Stupa,Sarnath (500BCE)

22. Tibetan Stupa( C horten )

23. 8 Types of Tibetan Stupas STUPA OF HEAPED LOTUSES Commemorates the Buddha’s birth at Lumbini , where he took seven steps in each of the four directions, from which lotuses spang STUPA OF ENLIGHTENMENT  Commemorates his Enlightenment under the bodhi tree at Bodhgaya.

24. STUPA OF MANY DOORS OR GATES Commemorates the Buddha’s first turning of the Wheel of Dharma in the Deer Park at Sarnath near Varanasi. STUPA  OF MIRACLES Commemorates the Buddha’s miraculous defeat of the non-Buddhists  ( tirthika ) in the Jetvana Grove at Shravasti .

25. STUPA OF DESCENT FROM THE GOD REALM Commemorates the summer retreat that the Buddha spent teaching the reincarnation of his mother in the heavenly realm of Tushita , and his descent from this realm at the city of Sankasya . STUPA OF RECONCILIATION Commemorates the Buddha’s reconciliation of the disputing factions within the Sangha at Veluvana bamboo grove at Rajagriha .

26. STUPA OF PARINIRVANA Commemorates the Buddha’s passing away beyond sorrow between two sal trees at the city of Kushinigara . STUPA OF COMPLETE VICTORY Commemorates the Buddha’s prolonging of his life by three months at the city of Vaisali , when he was 80 years of age.

27. THANK YOU PRESENTED BY ABHISHEK ABHINAV SAGAR