SUNDERBANS-a case study(E.V.S. PROJECT).pptx

The above project presentation is of E.V.S. project of school
project is combined by myself

Note: images and information are taken from online resources and credits are given at the end

1. NAME : CLASS : SECTION: ROLL : SUBJECT : Environmental Science(E.V.S.)

2. TOPIC SUNDERBANS A CASE STUDY OF MAN-ANIMAL CONFLICT

3. SUNDARBANS Sundarbans  is a  mangrove  area in  the delta  formed by the confluence of the  Padma ,  Brahmaputra  and  Meghna Rivers  in the  Bay of Bengal . However , The Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove delta and home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, has lost nearly two percent mangrove cover in the last two years, according to the state of forest report 2019. the Forest Survey of India (FSI) report, said the mangrove cover in the Sunderbans has shrunk by more than two square kilometres – from 2214 sq km to 2112.11 sq km - between 2017 and 2019. Such incidents affecting the natural biodiversity would lead to change in behavior and population of all living organisms of the ecosystem and thus have initiated man animal conflict for food and shelter.

4. Several factors affect and create such issues. Importance of mangroves. Causes of depletion of mangrove forests. Affect on mankind and animal. Prevention and steps by government Steps by private , non government institutions and individuals

5. IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES: Acts as a buffer zone between land and sea. Protects land from erosion Acts as a shield against several natural disasters like cyclone Acts as a breeding ground and habitat for several living organisms like birds and Royal Bengal Tiger . Good source of timber, fuel and fodder. Important source of income for shoreline communities. Acts as water and air purifier. Attracts tourism

6. Several factors have facilited the depletion of mangroves among which the most significant ones are activities by humans such as illegal woodcutting, industrial pollution around the area and failure in management by authorities. Population growth has also acted as a factor for depletion as several new construction activities and space is required. Also natural causes such as global warming due to change in temperature, heavy rainfall change in sea levels along with several natural phenomena have led to mangrove depletion.

7. AFFECT ON BIOTIC COMPONENTS Depletion of Sundarbans will lead to decline in eco tourism population of India effecting lives of people earning through it. Over degradation will exhaust several non renewable resources and also pollute the clean environment Animals like tigers and deer when unable to find food and water may attack villages nearby leading to conflicts between man and animals. Several species found in the region may be endangered or extinct due to change in environmental conditions. Sundarbans which protect land and mankind from various natural disasters. In future , due to depletion, will lead to mankind become prone to such circumstances

8. Nature has initially given all organisms the basic requirements and abilities to achieve others requirements. However due to greed the ecological balance is affected always in several forms like global warming , erosion and industrial pollution. Sunderbans depletion is one which has been affected by human greed. It has lead to man animal conflict due to : DESTRUCTION OF THEIR HOMES ABSENCE OF FOOD RESOURCES SHIFTING TO SEARCH NEW HABITAT The animals especially deers and tigers have moved toward nearby villages in search of food and home.

9. When the animals are seen in or around the human occupied regions. They are considered to be harming organisms and are attacked by locals to prevent danger, however due to such attacks by humans , animals defend themselves by attacking and hunting humans. This initiates conflict between the humans(locals) and animals(searching shelter or food). Every organism requires basic necessities in life and which is provided to all by nature itself. However when living beings(especially humans) disbalance the ecological system all members of the biodiversity are affected.

10. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Protection of Mangrove Ecosystem: The northern and western fringes of Indian Sundarban are heavily populated and lack of agricultural production and job opportunities haunt the remote villages. It result into intense biotic pressure on the forest from the fishermen, wood collectors, honey collectors and poachers. The organized timber and wildlife mafia exploit the poverty of the villagers. Hence institutions are set to maintain and stabilize such pressures and create communications between officials and locals. Habitat Improvement through afforestation and soil conservation . Reduction of Man-Animal conflict Straying of tigers from the Reserved Forests into the habitations along the Northern and Western fringes of Sundarban Forest occasionally result into death of cattle/human beings as well as tiger. Illegal entry of fishermen into core areas as well as entry of honey-collectors into the forest also leads to killing of a no. of people by the tigers. To prevent such cases nylon net and fences are spread around the region

11. Confidence-building activities for villagers like construction of village brick path. Also it creates employment and trust among people. Self help groups are also initiated and supported by government bodies in such regions to prevent illegal entering in region. To prevent man animal conflict major steps to be taken is to revive the lost mangrove regions. P reventions of setting up of industries near sunderban to prevent pollution. Signing of treaty between India and Bangladesh government for protection of the forests from both sides. Teaching the localites to protect themselves from tiger and preventing any unofficial from entry in region helping the forest officials. Regular inspections of the region to check for any form of illegal activity.

12. www.civilsdaily.com www.economictimes.indiatimes.com www.wikipedia.org www.hindustantimes.com www.unep.org BIBLIOGRAPHY

13. CONCLUSION The project has required several researches and checking of facts helping me know about nearby region and conditions of wildlife and people over there. Also has made me realise the destruction of environment caused due to unnecessary human activities. It has nurtured my knowledge over the importance of environment and ecological balance and how every member of the biodiversity plays an important role.