Surah Rahman

Here is a presentation I prepared for a summar camp, but was not presented. Slides in the middle and the end are interesting, about how 'coincidential' is Earth's suitability for life.

1. MISBAH-UL-QURAN SUMMER CAMP 2013 SURAH AR-RAHMAN الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ “The sun and the moon by extremely precise calculation.”

2. Carbon dixoide + Water Carbohydrates + Oxygen Sunlight Plants Humans Animals O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 Sun – food and oxygen CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2

3. Sun – heat and energy The total amount of energy humans have derived from burning fossil fuels since the start of civilization is less than all the energy provided by the sun in just 30 days. More energy from the sun falls on the earth in one hour than everyone on earth uses in one year. Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011. http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report. The Sun emits 4 x 10 26 Watts 400 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 W Equivalent to >100 billion nuclear bombs/sec!

4. Temperatures on Earth are suited for life unlike anywhere else in our Solar System. Earth’s average temperature is about 14 or 15 degrees Celsius The distance from Earth to the sun is one of the most important factors in making Earth habitable. The next closest planet to the sun, Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. Temperatures there reach more than 400 o C, while the average temperature on Mars is minus 60 o C.

5. The Sun Makes the Wind Blow

6. The amount of water in the atmosphere at any moment in time is only 12,900 cubic kilometers If it were to completely rain out, atmospheric moisture would cover the Earth’s surface to a depth of only 2.5 centimeters. However, far more water—in fact, some 495,000 cubic kilometers of it—are cycled through the atmosphere every year. It is as if the entire amount of water in the air were removed and replenished nearly 40 times a year.

7. Sun The giant bulb illuminating the day وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا And made the day for livelihood [ Surah Naba 78:11] Doesn’t just go out in a flash

8. Doesn’t just go out in a flash

9. [ Surah Luqman 31:29] أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ Do you not see that Allah causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allah , with whatever you do, is Acquainted?

10. فَالِقُ الْإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَنًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَانًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ [ Surah Al- Anam 6:96] [He is] the cleaver of daybreak and has made the night for rest and the sun and moon for calculation. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.

11. [ Surah Yunus 10:5] هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time].

12. Moon Sun At perigee (nearest) At apogee (farthest) At perihelion (nearest) At aphelion (farthest) Mean radius 1,737.10 kilometres (1,079.38 miles) 696,000 kilometres (432,000 miles) Distance 363,104 km (225,622 mi) 405,696 km (252,088 mi) 147,098,070 km (91,402,500 mi) 152,097,700 km (94,509,100 mi) Angular diameter 33' 30" (0.5583°) 29' 26" (0.4905°) 32' 42" (0.5450°) 31' 36" (0.5267°) Apparent size to scale Rank in descending order 1st 4th 2nd 3rd

13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_libration_with_phase_Oct_2007_450px.gif Notice that it is always the same side of the moon facing us…

14. Notice that it is always the same side of the moon facing us… The moon completes one rotation around the earth in the same time it takes to rotate about it’s own axis “Tidal-Locking”

15. Earth’s orbital plane Axial Tilt 23.5 o Seasons

16. Moon – the stabilizer Axial Tilt 23.5 o Prevent the earth from wobbling on its axis Without it, astronomers have predicted that Earth's tilt could vary as much as 85 degrees http://www.space.com/12464-earth-moon-unique-solar-system-universe.html Dramatic climatic shifts Extreme seasons Effects on glaciers, rain, winds Ice-Ages! Gravitational force

17. http://dd.dynamicdiagrams.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/orrery_2006.swf

18. Jupiter 1 ‘year’ ~ 4333 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 10 hours!!! Temperatures down to -153 o C 64 Moons ‘Gaseous planet’

19. Uranus 1 ‘year’ ~ 30,684 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 17.2 hours!!! Temperatures down to -184 o C 27 Moons ‘Gaseous planet’

20. Venus 1 ‘year’ ~ 262 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 243 days!!! Temperatures upto 460 o C No moon

21. Mars 1 ‘year’ ~ 687 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 24 hours!!! Temperatures down to -123 - 30 o C 2 Moons – very small in size – provide no axial stability (variation in tilt 10-60 degress ) Very thin atmosphere of: 95% CO 2

22. Earth بِحُسْبَان …with extreme precision…

23. Distance from Sun to Earth: 149,597,890 km ‘Goldilocks distance’ Neither too hot nor too cold temperatures, thus allowing liquid water to exist on its surface the only known planet to possess an atmosphere containing free oxygen

24. What you saw but didn’t notice فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Moon’s tidal-locking Apparent sizes of the sun and moon as opposed to their actual sizes Conclusion

25. What you knew but took for granted فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Phases of the moon Life on the planet you live in How sun, moon, etc all contribute to make life on earth possible Conclusion

26. What you didn’t know, and so, didn’t fully appreciate فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Stabilization effect of the moon The odds of life… Conclusion

27. What Allah gave to you, and you weren’t thankful (enough) فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Energy/Light Day and Night Air/Oxygen/Water Life The list goes on… and on… and on… Conclusion