Surgical dressing

A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm. A dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place. Many modern dressings are self-adhesive.

1. SURGICAL DRESSING PRESENTED BY , Spurthi BS Doctor of P harmacy ( PharmD ) Mallige college of pharmacy

2. Surgical DRESSING It includes a wide range of materials that can be used as absorbents, coverings, protectives etc to support and heal wounds. The main purpose of a good surgical DRESSING, To absorb the exudate from the wound Control post operative bleeding Provide protection to newly formed tissues Prevent infection

3. HISTORY ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON

4. SELECTION OF SURGICAL DRESSING Following factors should be considered while selecting A suitable surgical DRESSING, Type of wound Stage of wound repair Degree of education Suspectibilty to infection Presence of tissue necrosis

5. Ideal characteristics of surgical DRESSING

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7. Classification of surgical DRESSING based on their functions Primary wound DRESSING Plain gauze Impregnated gauze Film gauze Secondary wound DRESSING Absorbents Bandages Adhesive tapes Combined primary and secondary wound DRESSING And protective Composite DRESSINGs Hydrogels Hydocolloid DRESSING Flim DRESSINGs Plastic sheetings

8. Primary wound DRESSING These are the surgical DRESSING that are placed directly over the wound and hence they should be non traumatic and non adherent to the wound. The main purpose of primary DRESSING are , To absorb wound drainage To prevent dessication and infection of wounded area It acts as barrier some of the primary DRESSING materials are plain gauze, impregnated gauze and film gauze.

9. Secondary wound DRESSING They are placed on primary wound DRESSING. Functions : hold the primary dressing in place. Enhance the absorption of excessive wound drainage provide hemostasis by compression and support wound healing protect wound from further trauma. These include absorbents, bandages and Adhesive tapes .

10. Absorbents It includes absorbent cotton wool , rayon and surgical gauzes Absorbent cotton wool Known as cotton wool or surgical cotton It consists of epidermal trichomes of the cotton plant. Uses Provides Good physical protection to the wound Acts as air filter or barrier Used to clean and swab the wounds

11. 2. NON ABSORBENT BLEACHED COTTON It is prepared from surgical cotton by a modified bleaching process where waxes and natural oils, which have silky texture and water repellant properties are retained. 3. Rayon or regenerated cellulose Rayon is obtained frOm the wood cellulose of spruce tree. Uses : cheaper, cleaner , more flexible, softer and lustrous than cotton More absorptive capacity on storage Used for cleaning, swabbing and skin disinfection

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13. 4. Surgical gauze Composed of cotton, silk or wool. Devoid of foreign organic matter.

14. X RAY DETECTABLE GAUZE PADS GAUZE PAD ABSORBENT RIBBON GAUZE HEMOSTATIC GAUZE

15. Bandages They provide pressure and support to the DRESSING in order to hold them in a place. Bandages are broadly classified into four types : Non elastic bandages Elastic bandages Impregnated or medicated bandages Adhesive bandages

16. Non elastic bandages Known as inelastic bandages Classified into following types; Triangular calico bandages It is made from unbleached calico cloth prepared in the shape of a right angled isosceles triangle Uses : Used as a sling hanging bandage placed around the neck to support wounded arm or neck .

17. 2. Open wove bandage It consists of plain weave . Uses : It is commonly used in first aid . Used for providing support and immobilization and to secure splints into the body.

18. 3. Domette bandage It is composed of two kinds of yarn , the warp is made up of cotton and the weft is made up of wool. uses : use of wool in this bandage is to provide warmth and additional protection to the area under treatment . Used for orthopaedic purpose and in areas that are required to be kept warm.

19. Elastic bandages Elasticity in these elastic bandages can be produced either by twisting threads, by incorporating rubber threads in these bandages or by crimping. elastic bandages produced by twisting of threads crepe bandages uses : used for correction purposes and as a compression bandages for veins and sprains.

20. Cotton crepe bandages Uses : Used to protect and secure the DRESSING. 2. Elastic bandages produced by using Rubber threads uses : Provides support to strains and as a compression bandage and used for correction purpose. 3. Elastic bandage produced by crimping uses : Used to protect and secure DRESSING

21. Impregnated or medicated bandages It consists of fabrics that are impregnated with Substance such as zinc oxide, coal tar, ichthammol , salicylic acid , clioquinol , calamine may reduce inflammation or aid in healing purpose. These include : Plaster of Paris Zinc paste bandage Zinc paste and coal tar bandage Zinc paste and ichthammol bandage

22. Plaster of Paris It consists of cotton impregnated with plaster of Paris and Adhesive. Application of plaster of Paris the limb is held in appropriate anatomical position. Layers of coTton wool are placed on the skin , to protect from pop. Pop is then applied on the initial layering to form a strong homogeneous layer and its edges are smoothed After the application of cast it should be ensured that the movement of limbs and blood circulation normal without any pressure.

23. Continue... Allowed to dry evenly. Uses : used in the treatment of limit fracture. Used in orthopaedic surgery. Used in radiotherapy.

24. Zinc paste bandage It consists of a plain weave cotton Fabric impregnated with zinc oxide paste. It is used as an antiseptic application of zinc paste bandage directly applied on wound and additional layers of bandage are added to retain moisture. Uses : Used to prevent swelling of fractured limbs Provide support to varicose veins and used in treatment of eczema , oedema and phelebitis of the legs .

25. Zinc paste and coal tar bandage Consists of plain weave cotton fabric impregnated with zinc oxide and coal tar paste used as anti inflammatory agent. Uses : Used to treat skin disorders like leg ulcers, neurodermatitis , chronic vesicular eczemas .

26. Zinc paste and ichthammol bandage It consists of plain weave cotton fabric impregnated with suitable paste of zinc oxide and ichthammol Used as anti inflammatory and vasoactive properties. It causes less irritation compared to coal tar. Uses : Used to treat leg ulcers, chronic dermatitis and varicose eczema.

27. Adhesive bandages Consists of an Adhesive mass which is spread evenly on an elastic fabric. classified into two types: diachyoon elastic adhesive bandage uses : Used to treat chronic leg ulcers in ambulatory patients and to support varicose veins.

28. Zinc oxide elastic self Adhesive bAnDage It is a self Adhesive bandage consisting of a self Adhesive mass of zinc oxide spread evenly on a elastic cloth. It also contains the following components such as cohesive substance, plasticizer, resins , fillers , antioxidants and preservatives. Uses : Used as a compression bandage to support fractured ribs, clavicle and sprains. Used to treat varicose veins, leg ulcers and to secure DRESSINGs.

29. Adhesive plaster It consists of a plain cloth or non elastic cloth with Adhesive mass. Based on the type of supporting material used , it is classified as follows: Plain cloth plasters a) Belladonna self Adhesive plaster uses : Used as a counter irritant to relieve rheumatic, lumbago and neuralgia pains.

30. B) Salicylic acid self Adhesive plaster Uses : Used in the treatment of keratoderma. C) zinc oxide self Adhesive plaster Uses : Used to secure DRESSING and to immobilize small areas.

31. 2. Elastic cloth plasters Extension plAster Uses : Used for orthopaedic purpose Used to support limbs, fractured ribs And joints. Zinc oxide elastic self Adhesive plaster Uses: used to secure DRESSING . Used to cover infectious sites .

32. 3. Plastic film plasters Perforated plastic self Adhesive plaster Uses : Used to secure DRESSING. Used to cover infection site. B) Waterproof plastic self Adhesive plaster Uses : Used to secure DRESSINGs and cover infection c) Waterproof microporous plastic self Adhesive plaster Uses : cover infection sites.

33. Combined primary secondary wound DRESSING These posses characteristics of both primary as well as secondary wound DRESSING. Composite DRESSING it consists of both primary and secondary components that have non adherent properties 2. Hydrogels these are semi permeable non adherent DRESSING ls typically consisting of a cross linked polymer.

34. 3. HydocollOidal DRESSING Consists of a hydrocolloid mass of gum like materials such as guar, sodium cmcp with adhesive like polyisobutylene . 4. Calcium alginate DRESSING These are fibrous non woven DRESSING incorporated with calcium salts of alginic acid.

35. Protectives These are the materials which protect the clothing from wound exudates and avoid the loss of heat and moisture from wound site. Four types of protectives are : Film DRESSING Plastic sheeting Waxed or plastic coated paper Rubber sheeting