Preface
Purpose
ThepurposeofTheElectricalEngineeringHandbook,3rdEditionistoprovideareadyreferenceforthe
practicingengineerinindustry,government,andacademia,aswellasaidstudentsofengineering.Thethird
editionhasanewlookandcomprisessixvolumesincluding:
Circuits,Signals,andSpeechandImageProcessing
Electronics,PowerElectronics,Optoelectronics,Microwaves,Electromagnetics,andRadar
Sensors,Nanoscience,BiomedicalEngineering,andInstruments
BroadcastingandOpticalCommunicationTechnology
Computers,SoftwareEngineering,andDigitalDevices
Systems,Controls,EmbeddedSystems,Energy,andMachines
EachvolumeiseditedbyRichardC.Dorfandisacomprehensiveformatthatencompassesthemany
aspectsofelectricalengineeringwitharticlesfrominternationallyrecognizedcontributors.Thegoalisto
providethemostup-to-dateinformationintheclassicalfieldsofcircuits,signalprocessing,electronics,
electromagneticfields,energydevices,systems,andelectricaleffectsanddevices,whilecoveringtheemerging
fieldsofcommunications,nanotechnology,biometrics,digitaldevices,computerengineering,systems,and
biomedicalengineering.Inaddition,acompletecompendiumofinformationregardingphysical,chemical,
andmaterialsdata,aswellaswidelyinclusiveinformationonmathematics,isincludedineachvolume.Many
articlesfromthisvolumeandtheotherfivevolumeshavebeencompletelyrevisedorupdatedtofittheneeds
oftoday,andmanynewchaptershavebeenadded.
ThepurposeofSystems,Controls,EmbeddedSystems,Energy,andMachinesistoprovideareadyreferenceto
subjectsinthefieldsofenergydevices,machines,andsystems,aswellascontrolsystemsandembedded
systems.Hereweprovidethebasicinformationforunderstandingthesefields.Wealsoprovideinformation
abouttheemergingfieldsofembeddedsystems.
Organization
Theinformationisorganizedintothreesections.Thefirsttwosectionsencompass20chapters,andthelast
sectionsummarizestheapplicablemathematics,symbols,andphysicalconstants.
Mostchaptersincludethreeimportantandusefulcategories:definingterms,references,andfurther
information.Definingtermsarekeydefinitionsandthefirstoccurrenceofeachtermdefinedisindicatedin
boldfaceinthetext.Thedefinitionsofthesetermsaresummarizedasalistattheendmostchaptersorarticles.
Thereferencesprovidealistofusefulbooksandarticlesforfollow-upreading.Finally,furtherinformation
providessomegeneralandusefulsourcesofadditionalinformationonthetopic.
LocatingYourTopic
Numerousavenuesofaccesstoinformationareprovided.Acompletetableofcontentsispresentedatthe
frontofthebook.Inaddition,anindividualtableofcontentsprecedeseachofthesections.Finally,each
chapterbeginswithitsowntableofcontents.Thereadershouldlookoverthesetablesofcontentstobecome
familiarwiththestructure,organizationandcontentofthebook.Forexample,seeSectionI:Energy,then