SYSYEMS OF PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATIONS

FOR EDUCATION

1. & SYSTEMS BASED ON PHYLOGENY HISTORY OF ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this discussion, you will be able to; To provide an overview of the historical development of the system of phylogeny, tracing its origins from early taxonomic practices to modern methods of reconstructing evolutionary relationships . To explore the contributions of key historical figures such as Charles Darwin, Richard von Wettstein , and others to the development of the system of phylogeny . To explore the contributions of key historical figures, including Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Carolus Linnaeus, to the development of animal classification.

3. SYSTEMS BASED ON PHYLOGENY

4. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE INDIVIDUALS TO THE SYSTEM OF PHYLOGENY

5. 1. Who is often credited with laying the foundations of modern evolutionary theory through his work on natural selection? Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Alfred Russel Wallace Jean-Baptiste Lamarck A

6. CHARLES DARWIN 1809 Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through Natural Selection in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species" (1859). This theory revolutionized our understanding of the diversity of life, suggesting that species evolve over time through a process of differential survival and reproduction .

7. 2. Which botanist is known for pioneering the use of phylogenetic classification systems ? Richard von Wettstein Charles Bessey Hans Hallier August Wilhelm Eichler D

8. AUGUST WILHELM EICHLER Eichler was a German botanist who made significant contributions to the study of plant taxonomy and phylogeny . He developed the concept of the phylogenetic tree as a way to represent the evolutionary relationships among different plant species . 1838-1915

9. 3 . Who specialized in the study of gymnosperms? August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein Charles Bessey Hans Hallier B

10. RICHARD VON WETTSTEIN 1863-1931 Wettstein was an Austrian botanist known for his contributions to plant systematics and phylogeny. He proposed the concept of "phylogenetic series," which organized plant groups based on their evolutionary relationships rather than just morphological similarities .

11. B 4. Who advocated for the use of evolutionary principles in plant taxonomy? August Wilhelm Eichler Charles Bessey Richard von Wettstein Hans Hallier

12. CHARLES BESSEY 1845-1915 Bessey was an American botanist who played a key role in advancing the study of plant taxonomy and phylogeny. He advocated for the use of evolutionary principles in plant classification and emphasized the importance of phylogenetic relationships in understanding plant diversity .

13. 5. Who developed the "phylogenetic tree" as a visual representation of evolutionary relationships? August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein Charles Bessey Hans Hallier D

14. HANS HALLIER 1857-1925 Hallier was a German botanist known for his work on plant morphology and systematics. He proposed the concept of "phylogenetic morphology," which focused on using morphological characters to infer evolutionary relationships among plants .

15. C 6. Who contributed to the understanding of plant taxonomy and systematics? August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein John Hutchinson Charles Bessey

16. JOHN HUTCHINSON 1884-1972 Hutchinson was a British botanist who made significant contributions to the study of plant taxonomy and systematics. He developed the concept of "homology" in plant morphology, which refers to the similarity of structures due to common ancestry

17. 7 . Who specialized in the study of tropical plants ? Alfred Barton Rendle August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein Charles Bessey A

18. ALFRED BARTON RENDLE 1865-1938 Rendle was a British botanist known for his work on plant classification and systematics. He contributed to the development of the " natural system " of plant classification, which organizes plants based on their evolutionary relationships rather than just morphological similarities .

19. Who contributed to the classification of gymnosperms ? August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein Charles Bessey Karl Christian Mez D

20. KARL CHRISTIAN MEZ 1866-1944 Mez was a German botanist who made significant contributions to the study of plant taxonomy and phylogeny . He developed a classification system for ferns and fern allies based on their evolutionary relationships, which laid the groundwork for modern methods of fern classification .

21. 8. Who is known for his work on plant morphology and phylogeny? August Wilhelm Eichler Richard von Wettstein Oswald Tippo Charles Bessey C

22. OSWALD TIPPO 1894-1978 Tippo was an American botanist known for his work on plant morphology and systematics. He contributed to the development of the " cladistic " approach to phylogenetic analysis, which emphasizes the importance of shared derived characters in reconstructing evolutionary relationships .

23. HISTORY OF ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION

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25. A What is the correct binomial name for the common house cat? Felis catus Canis lupus Felis silvestris Felis domesticus

26. WHAT IS ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION? Known formally as zoological taxonomy , is a system that organizes and categorizes animals into groups based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary history.

27. Hippocrates , an ancient Greek physician often referred to as the Father of Western Medicine , also made significant contributions to the early understanding of animal classification. HIPPOCRATES

28. Classification of L and and A quatic Animals

29. Which ancient Greek philosopher proposed a theory of spontaneous generation, suggesting that living organisms could arise from non-living matter? Socrates Plato Aristotle Pythagoras C

30. Aristotle, a philosopher and scientist in ancient Greece, made significant contributions to the systematic categorization of animals . ARISTOTLE

31. Aristotle's work in " Historia Animalium " provided systematic frameworks for animal classification, laying the groundwork for future taxonomists.

32. Carolus Linnaeus, an 18th-century Swedish botanist and physician, is often considered the father of modern taxonomy . Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature, a standardized naming system for organisms, revolutionizing the field of taxonomy. CAROLUS LINNAEUS