TEACHING or CONFUSING THAT'S THE MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION.ppt

Some tips how to teach better and not confusing students when teaching

1. 17th PERU TESOL ANNUAL CONVENTION17th PERU TESOL ANNUAL CONVENTION
“THE PRACTICE OF NEW TRENDS IN THE “THE PRACTICE OF NEW TRENDS IN THE
TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS”TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS”

Teaching Or Confusing? Teaching Or Confusing?
That’s the Million-Dollar That’s the Million-Dollar
QuestionQuestion

2. I have some friends.I have some friends.
I don’t have any friends.I don’t have any friends.

3. 1. some / any1. some / any
Look at these statements:Look at these statements:
SomeSome in in positivepositive sentences sentences
AnyAny in in negatives negatives and and questionsquestions

What about these sentences ?What about these sentences ?
I like I like somesome pop music. pop music.
I like I like anyany pop music. pop music.
I don’t like I don’t like somesome pop music. pop music.
I don’t like I don’t like anyany pop music. pop music.

4. I like I like somesome pop music. I like pop music. I like anyany pop music. pop music.

I don’t like I don’t like somesome pop music. I don’t like pop music. I don’t like anyany pop music. pop music.
-The use of -The use of somesome and and anyany is determined by is determined by meaningmeaning, not by , not by
structure.structure.

5. 2. “The Future”2. “The Future”

English does not possess a single verb English does not possess a single verb
form which is strongly associated with form which is strongly associated with
the expression of future time. Several the expression of future time. Several
verb forms may be used to talk about verb forms may be used to talk about
the future. Among the most important the future. Among the most important
are:are:

6. a. The present simple :
My birthday is on Wednesday next week.
We take off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
b. The present continuous :
I’m playing basketball with Cris on Saturday.
We are going to France for our holidays this year.
Renata is coming in two hours.

7. c. ( be ) going to c. ( be ) going to : :

Look at those clouds, it’s going to rain. We’re going Look at those clouds, it’s going to rain. We’re going
to move as soon as we can.to move as soon as we can.

d. The ‘ll future : d. The ‘ll future :

Hang on , I’ll just get my coat.Hang on , I’ll just get my coat.
Who else’ll be there ? Who else’ll be there ?

8. We leave tomorrow.We leave tomorrow.
We are leaving tomorrow.We are leaving tomorrow.
We’re going to leave tomorrow.We’re going to leave tomorrow.
We’ll leave tomorrow.We’ll leave tomorrow.

“ “Simplify”=will confuse Simplify”=will confuse
- Languages are different,and those - Languages are different,and those
differences need to be explored ,not ignored.differences need to be explored ,not ignored.
- Language learning is cyclical.- Language learning is cyclical.

9. 3. Continuous forms3. Continuous forms
Any English verb form may occur in Any English verb form may occur in
either the simple or the continuous. either the simple or the continuous.
The continuous forms are The continuous forms are
characterised by containing characterised by containing
( ( bebe ) + . . . ) + . . . ing.ing.

10. SimpleSimple ContinuousContinuous
I live in Trujillo.I live in Trujillo. I’m living in Trujillo. I’m living in Trujillo.
They are made in Lima. They are being made in Lima.They are made in Lima. They are being made in Lima.
I’ve waited two months.I’ve waited two months. I’ve been waiting two I’ve been waiting two
months.months.
I’ll see him tomorrow.I’ll see him tomorrow. I’ll be seeing him tomorrow. I’ll be seeing him tomorrow.

11. 4. go – went - gone4. go – went - gone
GoesGoes - - The –s formThe –s form
GoingGoing - - The –ing formThe –ing form
GoGo - - The first formThe first form
Went Went - - The second formThe second form
GoneGone - - The third formThe third form

12. 5. Countable and uncountable 5. Countable and uncountable
nounsnouns
--I’ve been there many times.I’ve been there many times.CountableCountable
-Time flies.-Time flies. Uncountable Uncountable
-She has lovely hair.-She has lovely hair. Uncountable Uncountable
-There’s a hair on your jacket.-There’s a hair on your jacket.CountableCountable
-Is there apple in this salad ? Uncountable-Is there apple in this salad ? Uncountable
-Fefa was eating an apple.-Fefa was eating an apple.CountableCountable

13. More examples:More examples:
I have an interesting life.I have an interesting life. CountableCountable
Life is complicated sometimes.Life is complicated sometimes.UncountableUncountable
I switched all the lights on.I switched all the lights on.CountableCountable
There’s more light by the window. There’s more light by the window.
UncountableUncountable

14. 6. can / could6. can / could
At first sight each of these forms has many At first sight each of these forms has many
different uses:different uses:
Can I have an apple ?Can I have an apple ?
Could I have an apple ?Could I have an apple ?
Can you travel anywhere you like ?Can you travel anywhere you like ?
Could you travel anywhere you like ?Could you travel anywhere you like ?
Can you drive ?Can you drive ?
Could you drive ?Could you drive ?

15. Look at these statements:Look at these statements:
Sorry I can’t come on Saturday.(present)Sorry I can’t come on Saturday.(present)
Sorry I couldn’t come last Saturday.(past)Sorry I couldn’t come last Saturday.(past)
Now:Now:
Can you lend me a pound?Can you lend me a pound?
Could you lend me a pound?Could you lend me a pound?

16. The point here is that the most important The point here is that the most important
part of language is part of language is meaning.meaning.
Language is not a collection of words and Language is not a collection of words and
structures, it is a structures, it is a systemsystem for for
communicatingcommunicating meaning. meaning.

17. 7. must / have to7. must / have to
The fundamental difference between The fundamental difference between
must must and and have tohave to is that is that have tohave to is used if is used if
the speaker is invoking an authority the speaker is invoking an authority
outside himself, while outside himself, while mustmust is used if the is used if the
speaker is the source of the authority.speaker is the source of the authority.

18. Sometimes two sentences can appear similar Sometimes two sentences can appear similar
in meaning :in meaning :
I have to catch the 8 o’clock train.I have to catch the 8 o’clock train.
I must catch the 8 o’clock train.I must catch the 8 o’clock train.
Both forms refer to Both forms refer to necessitynecessity, but , but have tohave to refers refers
to the speaker’s perception of to the speaker’s perception of objectiveobjective
necessity, while necessity, while mustmust refers to the speaker’s refers to the speaker’s
imposition of imposition of subjectivesubjective necessity. necessity.

19. You must exercise. I have to exercise.You must exercise. I have to exercise.
We must be quiet. We have to be quiet.We must be quiet. We have to be quiet.
The first two,the speaker feels that sth is The first two,the speaker feels that sth is
necessary.necessary.
The other two,the situation makes sth The other two,the situation makes sth
necessary.necessary.

20. 8. Tags8. Tags

Tags are a very important feature of spoken Tags are a very important feature of spoken
English. There are many kinds and most English. There are many kinds and most
textbooks give them only superficial textbooks give them only superficial
treatment. It is of particular importance to treatment. It is of particular importance to
note these four sentences:note these four sentences:

21. She’s FrenchShe’s French - giving information - giving information
Is she French ?Is she French ? - asking for information - asking for information
She’s French, isn’t she ?She’s French, isn’t she ? - a confirmation tag. - a confirmation tag.
She’s French,isn’t sheShe’s French,isn’t she. - an invitation tag.. - an invitation tag.

22. 
For example, a student who treats For example, a student who treats
several consecutive invitation tags as several consecutive invitation tags as
questions will be thought socially rather questions will be thought socially rather
strange:strange:
AAYou play tennis , don’t you.You play tennis , don’t you.
BBYesYes..
AAYou’ve brought your things with You’ve brought your things with
you, haven’t you. you, haven’t you.
BBYesYes..
AAIt’s a nice day for a game, isn’t it.It’s a nice day for a game, isn’t it.
BBYesYes..

23. Tags are extremely important in natural Tags are extremely important in natural
colloquial conversation in English.colloquial conversation in English.
The principle the teacher needs to bear in The principle the teacher needs to bear in
mind in looking for an explanation to offer mind in looking for an explanation to offer
a class is to ask two questions:a class is to ask two questions:
WhatWhat was said ? ( structure ),and was said ? ( structure ),and
WhyWhy was it said ? ( function ). was it said ? ( function ).
An understanding of meaning implies an An understanding of meaning implies an
understanding of both understanding of both structurestructure and and
functionfunction. Knowledge of structures alone is . Knowledge of structures alone is
not a knowledge of a language.not a knowledge of a language.

24. 9. Auxiliaries9. Auxiliaries
Auxiliaries are of great structural Auxiliaries are of great structural
importance in English. They are used in importance in English. They are used in
a number of important ways, such as: a number of important ways, such as:
1.Making a negative 1.Making a negative
He can swim. He He can swim. He can’tcan’t swim. swim.
2. Forming questions2. Forming questions
They have gone. They have gone. Have theyHave they gone ? gone ?

25. 3. Making confirmation or invitation tags3. Making confirmation or invitation tags
She must’ve gone. She must’ve She must’ve gone. She must’ve
gone,mustn’t she.gone,mustn’t she.
There more such as: making surprise or There more such as: making surprise or
annoyance tags, making an interesting annoyance tags, making an interesting
response, making a short answer, response, making a short answer,
emphasis …emphasis …
Focus on intensive practice, and the ability Focus on intensive practice, and the ability
to see the patterns.to see the patterns.

26. 10. (Do) as the dummy auxiliary10. (Do) as the dummy auxiliary
This is the feature of English structure This is the feature of English structure
which is probably most misunderstood. which is probably most misunderstood.

27. 1.1.NegativesNegatives
He goes every Tuesday.He goes every Tuesday.
He does go every Tuesday.He does go every Tuesday.
He doesn’t go every Tuesday.He doesn’t go every Tuesday.
2. Making questions2. Making questions
He went yesterday.He went yesterday.
He did go yesterday.He did go yesterday.
Did he go yesterday ?Did he go yesterday ?

28. Too often, teachers emphasise difficulties Too often, teachers emphasise difficulties
and differences and ignore and differences and ignore
opportunities to systematise and opportunities to systematise and
simplify.simplify.

29. Do your best !!!Do your best !!!
We do teach!!! We do teach!!!
We do educate . We are teachers !!!We do educate . We are teachers !!!
THANK YOU !!! THANK YOU !!!
GOD BLESS YOU !!!GOD BLESS YOU !!!