Teaching skills

Include
General Skill
Core Skill

1. Teaching Skills Dr. Pooja Walia Assistant Professor Department of Education Mizoram University, Aizawl

2. Teaching Skills Teaching skills are defined as a set of teacher behaviour which are specially effective in bringing about desired changes in pupil teachers. Instructional techniques and procedures used by the teacher in classroom are known as teaching skills. The activities and behaviours that facilitate learning in students are called teaching skills. According to N.L. Gage (1968) “ Teaching Skills are specific instructional activities & procedure that a teacher may use in his classroom. These are related to the various stages of teaching in the continuous flow of the teacher performance .

3. Importance of Teaching Skills Teaching skills have their own importance to apply any method, approach, strategies and tactics in the classroom. These are the primary requisite to handle the classroom activities and students. There is a need of the knowledge of teaching skills to apply any method and approach during teaching learning process. There are many basic skills which are essential to bring the modification in behaviour of the students.

4. Skill of Introducing the lesson It is skill that used to judge the present state of knowledge and skill of students . It is used to create link between introduction and main points of the concepts . It is used to a ttract attention of the students at the start of the lesson .

5. Components of Introducing the Lesson Using Previous experience of the pupils Proper Use of Device/technique Maintenance of Continuity Relevant Verbal or Non Verbal behaviour Arouse Interest O verall impression about introducing a lesson Announcement of the Topic

6. Skill of Explanation Explaining is an action skill in which the teacher tries to satisfy student’s queries related to any principle, condition, situation, fact or views. It is used to satisfy the students queries about any concept, phenomenon and situation . During teaching in a classroom, an explanation is a set of interrelated statements elaborating a concept being taught or learnt. It bridges the gap in understanding the new knowledge by relating it to the past experience.

7. Components of the Skill of Explanation Beginning Statement Clarity Fluency Explaining Links Planned Repetition Stimulating questions Concluding statements

8. Categories of Explanation It can be made more effective by using simple and clear language, examples and illustration materials for better understanding and appropriate link words for relating the concepts. It is categorised into following: Interpretative Explanation- to make clear the meaning of terms, statements, situation, concepts etc. ( In terms of What) Descriptive Explanation-description of objects, phenomenon, structure and process ( In terms of How) Reason Giving Explanation-Principle Generalisation and causes ( in terms of Why)

9. Skill of IIllustration with Example Sometimes it is observed that some abstract ideas or concepts are very difficult to understand. In spite of their best efforts of explaining the concepts, the teachers are unable to convey the true sense and meaning of the concepts. This difficulty of the teacher can be solved easily if they are able to master the skill of illustrating with examples.

10. C omponents of the skill of I llustrating with examples Formulating Simple Example. Formulating Relevant Example. Formulating Interesting Example. Using Appropriate Media for Example. Using Examples by Inducto-Deductive Approach

11. Skill of Probing Question Skill of probing question Probing questions provide a deeper understanding of a cocept or topic. This type of question encourages reflection. Probing questions are ideal in a learning environment because they encourage students to think critically and analytically

12. Components of Probing Question Skill Prompting technique Seeking further information technique Redirection technique Refocusing technique Increasing critical awareness technique

13. Skill of Reinforcement Every responding pupil of the class needs social approval of his behaviour. To satisfy this need, he is always eager to answer each question known to him. If the teacher is encouraging the pupils by statements like, “good”; “excellent”, “awesome” etc. and give some non-verbal expressions, such as smiling, nodding the head; and paying attention to the responding pupil, the pupil participation in the class is maximised. The main theme of this skill is that encouraging remarks of the teacher increases and discouraging remarks decreases the pupil-participation in the development of the learning process.

14. Components of Reinforcement Positive Verbal Reinforcement Positive Non-Verbal Reinforcement Negative Verbal Reinforcement Negative Non-Verbal Reinforcement Wrong use of Reinforcement Inappropriate use of Reinforcement

15. SKILL OF STIMULUS VARIATION Learning is optimum when the pupils are fully attentive to the teaching-learning process. For the success of any lesson it is essential to secure and sustain the attention of the pupils. How to secure and sustain the attention is main theme of this skill. It is very difficult for an individual to attend to the same stimulus for more than a few seconds. It works on the basis of psychological experiments that attention of the individual tends to shift from one stimulus to other very quickly. Therefore, for securing and sustaining the attention of the pupils to the lesson it is imperative to make variations in the stimulus.

16. Components of Stimulus Variation Movements : Making movements from one place to another with some purpose. (For writing on the black board; to conduct experiment; to explain the chart or model; to pay attention to the pupil who is responding to some question etc.) Gestures : These include movements of head, hand and body parts to arrest attention, to express emotions or to indicate shapes, sizes and movements. All these acts are performed to become more expressive. Pausing : This means “stop talking” by the teacher for a moment. When the teacher becomes silent during teaching, it at once draws the attention of the pupils with curiosity towards the teacher. The message given at this point is easily received by the pupils.

17. Components of Stimulus Variation Change in Speech Pattern : When the teacher wants show emotions or to put emphasis on a particular point, sudden or radical changes in tone, volume or speed of the verbal presentation are brought out. The change in the speech pattern makes the pupils attentive and creates interest in the lesson. Focusing : The teacher draws the attention of the pupils to the particular point in the lesson either by using verbal or gestural focusing. In verbal focusing the teacher makes statements like, “look here” “listen to me” “note it carefully”. In gestural focusing pointing towards some object with fingers or underlining the important words on the black board. Oral Visual Switching: The teacher gives information to the class verbally about something. This is called oral medium. When the teacher is showing maps, charts and object without saying something. This is called visual medium. If the teacher is giving information to the pupils through any one medium (oral/visual) for a long time., it is possible that the students may lose attention to what the teacher is conveying to them. Therefore it is essential for the teacher to change medium rapidly in order to secure and sustain pupils’ attention to what he says.

18. Skill of Board Writing Writing on board is an important skill that is used by teacher usually. Concepts are presented before the studnets either in verbal or written form. Writing simultaneously with speaking enhance the effectiveness of presentation. A teache must have this skill because in absence of supported teaching learning material it can be utilised at larger extent. Skill of board writing involves the following component Legibility of Handwriting Neatness of Board Work Appropriateness of Board Work

19. Legibility of Handwriting Each letter should be distinct : There should be no confusion in the shape of the letters such as c& e, I & L, P &F, T &H. Adequate spacing between two letters and two words. The slantness of each letter should be nearly vertical. Size of the letters should be such that they are legible from the end of the class. The size of small letters should be same and size of the capital letters should also be same. The size of the capital letters should be slightly greater than that of the small letters. Thickness of the lines should be of same width.

20. Neatness in Board Work 1) Straightness of lines : The neatness of the black board increases if you write in straight lines parallel to the base of the black board. (2) Adequate Spacing between the Lines : (i ) The words/sentences should be written in straight lines parallel to the base of the black board. (ii) There should be adequate spacing between the lines. (3) Avoidance of Overwriting : In order to keep the black board work neat and clean there should be no over writing. (4) Focusing the Relevant Matter : In order to keep the black board neat and clean : Erase the unrelated and irrelevant work and work not required. Retain the relevant matter.

21. Appropriateness of Board Work Continuity in points : The points of the lesson should be logically arranged one after the other in a sequence. Brevity and simplicity : Write only the salient points in a simple and clear language. Drawing attention and Focusing : Underline the important points or use coloured chalk for drawing the pupils’ attention. Illustrations and Diagrams : Illustrations and diagrams should be simple, large and clear to convey the idea easily and conveniently. As this skill needs long practice to achieve the goal and so no micro-lesson plan is given.

22. Classroom Management Skills Good classroom management skills start with setting certain ground rules to stress the importance of classroom dignity. Teachers should exercise patience along with a deep sense of care and kindness towards their wards. An empathetic teacher will win over the hearts of his/her students by demonstrating sensitivity, especially during student rifts. Better student-teacher relationships emerge when you demonstrate a willingness to lend an ear to the problems faced by your students. It is important for teachers to establish a good rapport with students so that a positive, productive and safe learning environment is created in classrooms that will help out in manage the class.

23. Discipline Skill Discipline is an important skill that a teacher should possess so as to be labelled as effective to manage the classroom activities . A vital component of effective classroom management, discipline ensures that positive behaviour is encouraged inside classrooms. Unlike common belief, discipline is not about punishing students. Rather, it is a way to manage and guide students. Discipline is directly affected by the kind of relationship you have with your students. The most important discipline skills a teacher can have includes being respectful, responding to students, and reciprocating their interest. A teacher should be skilled in setting an effective routine with the right amount of flexibility.

24. Observation Skills A class can be a mix of slow learners and intelligent students. This is a challenge that teachers face day in and day out when they need to adopt specific teaching patterns so that no student is left behind. It is the prime responsibility of teachers to have a thorough understanding about the cognitive, emotional and social development of students. Since a classroom is filled with students coming from different parental backgrounds, it makes sense to a teacher to be aware of the learning capabilities of different students.Here, observation is the key skill that every teacher should possess to become an effective tutor.

25. Students Engagement SKills Everyday a teacher handles a bunch of students with different mentalities towards learning. While some students demonstrate a keen interest in learning, others are distracted at the smallest provocation. Teacher must develop student engagement skills so that you can motivate your students. One can make the educational content interesting for students by using different strategies such as the use of visuals and impressive feats and facts. Developing a strong rapport with students is one of the best ways to ensure your students are engaged in the class. Show genuine interest in them and their interests. Be receptive to their queries and ideas.

26. Time Management Skills Effective time management skills are vital for providing quality education to students while also meeting the specific learning needs of each student. An effective teacher, with an intention to offer repetitive practice to students, should strategically plan homework tasks. Teacher must ensure the best use of classroom time by framing and structuring assignments which will help students sit for studies while at home. Alongside ensuring that the curriculum is completed within the pre-defined time frame, teacher should also attach importance to the time taken by students to complete their assignments.

27. Integration of Teaching Skills In order to practise the integration, the following skills are chosen for the lesson plan : Skill of Introducing the lesson Skill of Reinforcement. Skill of Explaining. Skill of Illustrating with Examples. Skill of Probing Questions. Skill of Stimulus Variation Skill of Blackboard Writing Skill of Reinforcement A combined lesson plan is prepared for practice, using appropriate skills in different situations of classroom teaching. Apart from these teaching skills other skills like time managment, discipline, communication, observation skills make teaching effective.

28. Thanks for Watching. Please Like Share and Comment. [email protected]