Temporal_and_infratemporal_fossa.ppt

Located on the side of the head
Extends from the superior temporal lines to the zygomatic arch.
Communicates with the infratemporal fossa deep to the zygomatic arch.
Contains a numbers of structures that include a muscle, nerves, blood vessels

1. Dr. NDAYISABA CORNEILLE
CEO of CHG
MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA
TEMPORAL & INFRATEMPORAL
FOSSA
SupportedBY

2. Temporal fossa
•Located on the side of the head
•Extends from the superior temporal lines
to the zygomatic arch.
•Communicates with the infratemporal
fossa deep to the zygomatic arch.
•Contains a numbers of structures that
include a muscle, nerves, blood vessels

3. TEMPORAL FOSSA
BOUNDARIES:
•Anterior:Zygomaticprocess of
frontal bone + zygomaticbone
•Superior & Posterior:Temporal
lines
•Inferior:Zygomaticarch

4. TEMPORAL FOSSA
CONTENTS:
1.Temporalismuscle and fascia
2.Deep temporal nerve & vessels
3.Superficial temporal vessels
4.Auriculotemporalnerve

6. Zygomatic arch
•Separates the temporal and infratemporal
fossae
•Formed by the squamous part of the
temporal bone, the zygomatic bone and
the zygomatic process of the maxilla
•Crossed by the auriculotemporal nerve,
and the zygomatic branches of the facial
nerve.
•These can be injured in fractures of the
arch.

7. Temporalis muscle

8. TEMPORALIS
•ORIGIN: floor of temporal fossa& deep
surface of temporal fascia
•INSERTION: the tendon passes deep to
zygomaticarch to be inserted to all
coronoidprocess (except its lateral surface)
and ramusof the mandible
•NERVE SUPPLY: 2 deep temporal nerves
fromanterior divisionof mandibularnerve
•ACTION:
1.Anterior and posterior fibers elevate the
mandible
2.Its posterior fibers retract the mandible

9. Temporal fascia
•Covers the temporalis muscle above the
zygomatic arch
•Attached above to the superior temporal
line and below to the upper margin of the
zygomatic arch.
•Deep surface is site of origin for temporalis
muscle.

10. •The superficial temporal vessels and
auriculotemporal nerve lie upon it
•It is perforated by the deep temporal artery
and vein

11. Deep temporal nerves
•Are two in number and arise from the
anterior division of mandibular nerve,
emerge from the upper border of lateral
pterygoid to enter the the deep surface of .
temporalis muscle.
•Accompanied by deep temporal arteries,
branches of the maxillary artery

12. Auriculotemporal nerve
•Arises from the post root of trigerminalby 2
roots encircling middle meningealartery
•Runs backward, deep to neck of mandible,
behind TMJ
•Moves upwards, crossing root of zygomatic
arch between the auricle and the superficial
temporal artery
•Gives sensory branchesto skin of auricle,
external auditory meatus, TMJ & parotid
gland
•Carries postganglionic parasympathetic
secretomotorfibers from oticganglion to
parotid gland

14. Superficial temporal artery
•A smaller terminal branch of the external
carotid in the parotid gland.
•Emerges from the upper part of the parotid
gland behind the TMJ
•Crosses root of zygomatic arch infront of
the auricle and the auriculotemporal nerve.
•Ascends onto the scalp and divides into
ant and post divisions.
•Supplies the lateral aspect of the scalp.

15. Infra temporal fossa
•Lies deep to the base of the skull.
•Located between the ascending ramus of
the mandible and the side wall of the
pharynx
•Contains the two pterygoid muscles, the
otic ganglion, the mandibular nerve, the
chorda tympani, the pterygoid venous
plexus and the maxillary artery

16. INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
BOUNDARIES:
•Superficial (lateral):Ramusof mandible
•Deep (medial):Lateral pterygoidplate
•Superior:Infratemporalsurface of
greater wing of sphenoid
•Anterior:Tuberosity(posterior wall) of
maxilla
•Posteriorly: styloidapparatus and
carotid sheath

17. •It has no anatomical floor and is continous
with the tissue spaces of the neck
alongside the pharynx and esophagus.
•Contnues thro the posterior and inferior
mediastinum

20. INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
COMMUNICATIONS:
1.With temporal fossa: through a gap
deep to zygomatic arch
2.With cranial cavity: through foramen
ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen
lacerum
3.With orbit: through inferior orbital
fissure
4.With pterygopalatine fossa: through
pterygomaxillary fissure

21. INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
CONTENTS:
1.Lateral & medial pterygoidmuscles
2.Mandibularnerve & its branches
3.A part of maxillary nerve & 2 of its
branches
4.Oticganglion
5.Chordatympani
6.Pterygoidplexus of veins

22. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
1.TEMPORALIS
2.MASSETER
3.LATERAL PTERYGOID
4.MEDIAL PTERYGOID
•They are derived frommesoderm of 1
st
branchialarch
•They originate from temporal or
infratemporalfossa
•They are inserted intoramusof mandible
•They are supplied, through their deep
surfaces by branches of mandibularnerve
•They act ontemporomandibularjoint

23. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

24. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

25. LATERAL PTERYGOID
•ORIGIN:
1.Upper head: infratemporal surface of greater wing
of sphenoid
2.Lower head: lateral surfaceof lateral pterygoid
plate
•INSERTION: pterygoid fovea (in front of neck of
mandible) + capsule & articular disc of TMJ
•NERVE SUPPLY: fromanterior divisionof
mandibular nerve
•ACTION:
1.Pulls the condylar process forward to depress the
mandible
2.Protrusion of mandible (when muscles on both
sides act together)
3.Side-to-side movement (when muscles on both
sides act alternatively)

26. MEDIAL PTERYGOID
•ORIGIN:
1.Superficial head: tuberosityof maxilla
2.Deep head: medial surfaceof lateral pterygoid
plate
•INSERTION: medial surface of ramus& angle of
mandible
•NERVE SUPPLY: fromtrunkof mandibularnerve
•ACTION:
1.Elevation of mandible
2.Protrusion of mandible (when muscles on both
sides act together)
3.Side-to-side movement (when muscles on both
sides act alternatively)

27. ALL MUSCLES OF
MASTICATION
Elevate mandible EXCEPT
•Lateral pterygoid
Protrude mandible EXCEPT
•Temporalis
Are supplied by anterior division of
mandibular nerve EXCEPT
•Medial pterygoid

28. MANDIBULAR NERVE

29. INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA

30. Mandibular nerve

31. MANDIBULAR NERVE
•COMPOSITION:
•Formed of 2 roots: motor &
sensory
•ORIGIN:
•Sensory root:peripheral processes
of cells of trigeminal ganglion in
the middle cranial fossa
•Motor root:axons of cells of motor
nucleus of trigeminal nerve in pons

32. MANDIBULAR NERVE
•COURSE:
•Both roots emerge separately
through foramen ovaleto
infratemporal fossa
•The 2 roots unite, belowforamen
ovale
•The nerve soon dividesinto a
small anterior & a large posterior
division

33. MANDIBULAR NERVE
•RELATIONS:
1.Superficial: lateral pterygoid
2.Deep: oticganglion separated from it
by tensor velipalatinimuscle
3.Posterior: middle meningealartery

34. BRANCHES FROM TRUNK
OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
•One motor:Nerve to medial
pterygoid:supplies medial
pterygoid & gives off 2 branches
that pass through otic ganglion
(without relay) & supply tensor
palati& tensor tympani muscles
•One sensory:meningeal branch
(nervus spinosus) passing through
foramen spinosum to supply
meninges of middle cranial fossa

35. BRANCHES FROM ANTERIOR
DIVISION OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Four branches
Three motor:
•Masseteric nerve:emerges through upper
borderof lateral pterygoid & turns along
mandibular notchto reach masseter
•Deep temporal nerves:emerge through
upper borderof lateral pterygoid
•Nerve to lateral pterygoid
One sensory:
•Buccal nerve: emergesbetween the 2 heads
of lateral pterygoid, supplies skin & mucous
membrane overlying buccinator

36. BRANCHES FROM POSTERIOR
DIVISION OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Four branches
Three sensory:
Auriculotemporalnerve:
•Arises by 2 roots encircling middle
meningealartery
•Runs backward, deep to neck of
mandible
•Gives sensory branchesto skin of
auricle, temple, TMJ & parotid gland
•Carries postganglionic
parasympathetic secretomotorfibers
from oticganglion to parotid gland

37. BRANCHES FROM POSTERIOR
DIVISION OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Lingual nerve:
•Emerges through lower border of lateral
pterygoidthen superficial to medial
pterygoid
•Joins chorda tympani
•Runs just below 3
rd
molar tooth(dangerous
positionbecause it is only covered by
muscous membrane)
•Runs superficial to hyoglossus & is
connected to submandibular ganglion by 2
roots
•Carries general sensations from anterior 2/3
of tongue

38. BRANCHES FROM POSTERIOR
DIVISION OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Inferior alveolar nerve:
•Emerges through lower border of
lateral pterygoidthen superficial to
medial pterygoid, behind lingual nerve
•Passes through mandibular foramen &
canalto supply lower teeth
•Emerges through mental foramen as
mental nervesupplying skin of lower
lip & chin

39. BRANCHES FROM POSTERIOR
DIVISION OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
One motor:
Mylohyoidnerve:
•A branch of inferior alveolar nerve just above
mandibularforamen, pierces
sphenomandibularligament, runs on the
mandible above insertion of medial
pterygoid.
•Passes in mylohyoidgrooveof mandible
•Supplies mylohyoid& anterior belly of
digastricmuscles

41. RELATIONS OF LATERAL
PTERYGOID

42. RELATIONS OF LATERAL
PTERYGOID
•Superficial: temporalis, masseter, ramus of
mandible, maxillary artery, buccal nerve
•Deep: medial pterygoid, mandibular nerve,
middle meningeal artery, otic ganglion
•Emerging through its upper border: deep
temporal & masseteric nerves
•Emerging through its lower border: lingual &
inferior alveolar nerves + maxillary artery
•Emerging between its 2 heads: buccal nerve,
maxillary artery

43. Otic ganglion
•A small parasympathetic ganglion, anatomically
associated with the trigerminal nerve but
functionally associated with the
glossopharyngeal nerve
•Located just below foramen ovale, medial to the
mundibular nerve and lateral to tensor veli
palatini, fixed to the nerve to medial pterygoid
•Preganglionic fibers from inferior salivatory
nucleus carried by lesser petrosal nerve
•Post ganglionic fibers reach parotid gland via
auriculotemporal nerve

44. Pterygoid venous plexus
•A venous plexus associated with the
pterygoid muscles
•Receives veins that correspond to
branches of the maxillary artery
•Its posterior end is drained by the
maxillary vein
•Communicates with the facial vein through
the deep facial vein.

45. Chorda tympani
•A branch of the facial nerve in the
temporal bone.
•Enters temporal fossa through the
pterygotympanic fissure, runs downwards
and forwards to join the lingual nerve
•Carries parasymapathetics to the
sublingual and submandibular salivary
glands
•Carries taste fibers to ant 2/3 of the
tongue.

46. END
DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLETHANKS FOR LISTENING
By
DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLE
MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA
Contact us:
[email protected]/
[email protected]
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7/17/2023