Term Paper of IPH (introduction to public health).pptx

introduction to public health

1. ASIAN COLLEGE FOR ADVANCE STUDIES PRESENTATION ON MARASMUS Submitted By Submitted to: Srijya Thapa Rajendra Lamichhane Roll No. 36 Subject: IPH 1

2. MALNUTRITION Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. -Definition by WHO Malnutrition is a condition in which a lack of nutrients in the body causes health problems. Marasmus is also one form of malnutrition. 2

3. MARASMUS Marasmus is a condition of chronic undernourishment occurring especially in children and usually caused by a deficient in calories and proteins. It can be also caused by the wrong nutrients, or an inability to absorb or process nutrients properly because of infection. It is a non-emerging condition. 3

4. Figures: 4

5. Causes of Marasmus Improper feeding Infection, such as syphilis or tuberculosis Congenital weakness of disease, such as congenital heart disease Very poor sanitary and hygienic conditions that spread disease 5

6. Symptoms The major symptom of marasmus is wasting. The person becomes skeletally thin, due to the loss of body fat and muscle tissue the person has a withered appearance, looking like “skin and bones”. Thin Face Ribs and shoulders clearly visible through the skin Very loose skin that sometimes hangs in folds in the upper arms, thighs and buttocks. 6

7. Contd … Persistent dizziness Sunken eyes Diarrhoea Active, alert, or irritable behaviour Frequent dehydration Frequent infections that don’t show external signs like fever or lesions. 7

8. Treatment Marasmus is a life-threatening medical emergency, so its very important to treat it at the onset of symptoms. Research suggests that successfully treating marasmus depends on four factors: The patient’s age- the younger the patient, the greater chance of death. How much body weight the patient has lost The nutritional treatment given The ability of the patient to resist infecction 8

9. Contd … There is a great difficulty in treating marasmus because the patient needs significantly more calories than a normally nourished person. Because their body has lost its fat supply and most of the tissue has been starved, their body no longer has the ability to digest or tolerate a normal amount of food on their own. As a result, feeding is usually done in small amounts and through tubes to the veins and stomach. 9

10. Contd … A diet treatment rich in nutrients, carbohydrates, and calories is very important. It can still take few months for a full recovery, even with the right treatment plan. 10

11. Prevention The best way to prevent marasmus is to have a well-balanced diet. Foods rich in protein like skimmed milk, fish, eggs, and nuts are important for energy and growth. Vegetables and fruits are important for providing other nutrients and minerals and for preventing malnutrition in general. 11

12. Contd … Good sanitation and hygiene also play a big role in decreasing the rate of malnutrition in developing countries. Boiling water before drinking, cooking, or bathing in areas where clean water is difficult to access is also one of the preventive measures. New mothers can also help prevent malnourishment in their newborns by breastfeeding as much as possible. 12

13. M arasmus in a global scenario It is estimated that 20 million children under the age of five have severe forms of malnutrition like marasmus according to UNICEF. About 500,000 to 2 million children die as a result of it. 13

14. Mortality from Nutritional Deficiency, Protein Malnutrition, and Nutritional Marasmus by month of age in the first two years of life 14

15. Report of FAO in South East Asia Fig: Human Nutrition in Developing World 15

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17. Condition of Marasmus in the Context of Nepal 17

18. REFERENCE Park’s TextBook of Preventive and Social Medicine(24 th Edition), Page No:678 -K.PARK WHO report on Marasmus Nepal statistical report on Marasmus www.merriam-webster.com 18