Testing of manual and power Weeder

this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation

1. WELCOME

2. Presented by ARUNA T N Mtech ( dept of FMPE) CTAE, MPUAT Udaipur TESTING OF MANUAL AND POWER OPERATED WEEDER

3. WEEDING Weeds are unwanted and undesired plants which grow among the field crops, which compete with main crop for their existence, which causing serious yield loss by share in land, water, nutrients, sun light, and available CO2 for main crop. The main objective of the weeding intercultivation operation is the provide best opportunity to crop to establish and grow more vigorously upto time of harvest.

4. OBJECTIVES Main objective is to reduce the competation of light, nutrients and water with the main crops . It improves the soil condition by reducing the evaporation from the soil surface. It improves the infilteration of rain or surface water . Reduce the runoff to maintain ridges or beds in which the crop is grown.

5. TYPES OF WEEDER 1. Manual weeding tools - Small tools - Spades or chopping hoes - Long handle weeders - wheel hoe type weeders . 2. Animal drawan weeder - single row hoe - multi row implements - multi purpose tool frame with wheels 3. Power operated weeder - self propelled power weeder - tractor operated weeder - rotary hoe

6. Spades (small handle weeding tools)

7. Long handle hoes

8. Wheel hoes

9. Animal drawn weeders

10. Power weeder

11. Genearl test or lab test Checking of specifications C hecking of hardness of material Chemical analysis of soil engaging components Wear of the soil engaging components Engine performance Noise level Air cleaner oil pull over Amplitude of mechanical vibration Discard limit Turning ability Rotary blades Safety requirements Field test Field parameters Speed of travel Field capacity Depth of weeding Draft of the weeder Weeding efficiency Power requirement Plant damage Field efficiency Performance index Fuel consumtion Soundness of construction Ease of adjustment and operation Testing of weeder

12. Laboratory Tests Checking of specifications The specifications of the machine and of the component should be checked and verified as against the values furnished by the applicant given in BIS document. Hardness The hardness of the various critical components should be measured and compared with the relevant I ndian Standards. Chemical analysis The chemical composition of the critical soil engaging components should be determined and reported. Wear test The mass of the critical soil engaging components should be determined before and after the field test to assess the wear rate.

13. Engine performance - power at the rated enginre speed, specific fuel consumption under maximum power and rated power. Max. crankshaft torque, Max. temperature of Engine oil, Lubrication oil consumption [g/kwh). Noise level Maximum ambient noise emitted by the power tiller in dB at by-stander's level & Max. noise at operators ear level in dB.-max.90dB Amplitude of mechanical vibration Test the amplitude of the vibration leve l on the right and left hand handle , Forward and reverse motion belt tightening lever, throttle control lever, top of the fuel tank and the top of the air cleaner. – max 100 micron. Turning ability Test the minimum turning diameter and clearence diameter in both left side and right hand side .

14. Rotary blades Test the shape, dimensions, hardness and the chemical composition of the blades as per the BIS standards specifications. Safety requirements Check and test the Provision of guards on moving parts other than rotavator location and direction of exhaust emission to be away from the operator and machine for stationary operations. Covers on hot parts & Locking of parking stand lever . Protective shield for rotavator to prevent flying of mud and stones.

15. Field test Field parameters The test condition of the field were considered like type of field, length and width of the field, area of the field, soil moisture content and soil type. The condition of weed is also taken in to consideration in terms of type of weed, root zone depth of weed, density of weed . The condition of crop is also considered in terms of variety, row spacing, age in days, plant population per meter square of area and height of plant.

16. Speed of travel For calculating the speed of travel, a distance of 150 m is fixed and the time to cover this distance is noted . For measuring the speed of travel, the implement is started well before the first pole marker and it was ensured that the speed i s uniform throughout the marked space and then implement is operated in 150 m distance . A stop watch is used to record the time taken by the implement to travel the marked distance during operation and the speed of travel i s calculated in terms of meter per minute or meter per second.

17. Field capacity The actual output interms of area covered per hour is expressed as the effective field capacity. The field capacity is determined by , EFC= A/( T p +T N ) , ha/h A= area covered in ha , T p = productive time, T N= non productive time Depth of weeding The vertical distance between the sole and the ground level is referred as the depth of weeding. The depth of weeding is a parameter, which plays an important role for the draft of the weeder .. Draft of the weeder In order to measure the draft of the weeder the different parameters like soil resistance, width and depth of cut is required. Draft is an important parameter of the developed weeder and it must be within the physical limit of the operator.

18. The draft was calculated by the following expression; D = S × w × d where , D = Draft of the weeder (kg ) w = Width of cut (cm) d= Depth of cut (cm) S= Soil resistance (kg/cm2) Weeding efficiency The weeder is tested on the same field to determine weeding efficiency . The weeding efficiency i s calculated by the following mentioned expression and parameters; E=(W 1 -W 2 ) 1 where, E= Weeding efficiency (%) W 1 = number of weeds before weeding W 2 = number of weeds after weeding  

19. Power requirement The power input required for weeding operation i s calculated by considering the parameters like draft and traveling speed. Power input ( hp ) = [draft(kg) × travelling speed (m/s )] / 75 Plant damage The test i s conducted to find out the percent of the plant damage that taken place during the field operation. The percent plant damage i s calculated by the following expression Percentage plant damage = q/p × 100 where, q = Number of plant damaged in 10 m row length after weeding p= Number of plant damaged in 10 m row length before weeding

20. Field efficiency Ratio of actual field capacity to the theoretical field capacity F.E = (AFC/ TFC ) 100 AFC=actual field capacity,ha /h TFC= theoretical field capacity = (S×W)/10 , ha/h Performance index The performance index of the weeder is determined by; PI =( Fc×E × r) / P where, PI = Performance index Fc = Field capacity of weeder (ha/ h) E= weeding efficiency(%) r = plant damage P = power input ( hp ) Labour requirement The actual labour requirement for operating the weeders in the field should be assessed and recorded  

21. Fuel consumption To check the fuel consumption the fuel tank is filled to full capacity before and after the test. The amount of refuelling after the test is the fuel consumption by the power weeder . During filling up the tank, careful attention was paid to keep the tank horizontal and to place the machine on the levelled surface. Soundness of operation During entire period of testing a complete record of the defects and breakdowns should be recorder and reported in the test report .these would be reflect to a great extent the soundness of construction of the implement under test. Ease of adjustment and operation A complete record of the provisions for various adjustments to cover a wide range of operating conditions and ease of carrying out the adjustments should be maintained during the test. Apart from this, the ease of operation of the implement should be observed critically and reported.

22. THANK YOU