Tetanus.pptx bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

p

1. Tetanus Koya Technical Institute Nursing Department 2 nd stage  

2. Introduction Tetanus is a serious disease of the nervous system caused by a toxin-producing bacterium. The disease causes muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck muscles. Tetanus is commonly known as lockjaw.

3. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of generalized tetanus include: Painful muscle spasms and stiff, immovable muscles (muscle rigidity) in your jaw Tension of muscles around your lips, sometimes producing a persistent grin Painful spasms and rigidity in your neck muscles Difficulty swallowing Rigid abdominal muscles

4. As the disease progresses, other signs and symptoms may include: High blood pressure Low blood pressure Rapid heart rate Fever Extreme sweating

5. Localized tetanus This uncommon form of tetanus results in muscles spasms near the site of a wound. While it's usually a less severe form of disease, it can progress to generalized tetanus.

6. Cephalic tetanus This rare form of tetanus results from a head wound. It results in weakened muscles in the face and spasms of the jaw muscles. It also can progress to generalized tetanus.

7. Causes The bacterium that causes tetanus is called Clostridium tetani. The bacterium can survive in a dormant state in soil and animal feces. It's essentially shut down until it discovers a place to thrive.

8. Risk factors Cuts or wounds exposed to soil or manure A foreign body in a wound, such as a nail or splinter A history of immune-suppressing medical conditions Infected skin lesions in people living with diabetes An infected umbilical cord when a mother isn't fully vaccinated Shared and unsanitary needles for illegal drug use

9. Complications Complications of tetanus infection may include: Breathing problems.  Blockage of a lung artery (pulmonary embolism).  Pneumonia.  Broken bones.  Death. 

10.  Vaccination during pregnancy Obstetric care providers should administer the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to all pregnant patients during each pregnancy, as early in the 27–36-weeks-of-gestation window as possible.

11. Prevention Since the introduction of the tetanus vaccine in the 1940s, the rate of tetanus infections worldwide has decreased by over 95%. 12  Today, the tetanus vaccine is combined with other vaccines able to prevent common childhood diseases. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis ( DTaP )  vaccines are given to children as part of the routine vaccination series Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis ( Tdap )  vaccine used in teens and adults Tetanus and diphtheria (Td)  vaccine given as a booster shot

12. Primary Vaccination Series The DTaP vaccine provides protection against three diseases: diphtheria (a bacterial respiratory infection,  pertussis  (whooping cough), and tetanus. The DTaP vaccine is given in a series of five shots in the upper arm or thigh at the following intervals: 13 Two months Four months Six months 15 to 18 months Four to six years

13. Diagnosis Doctors diagnose tetanus based on a physical exam, medical and vaccination history, and the signs and symptoms of muscle spasms, muscle rigidity and pain. A laboratory test would likely be used only if your doctor suspects another condition causing the signs and symptoms.

14. Treatment Wound care Medications Antitoxin  Sedatives  Vaccination  Antibiotics Supportive therapies Lifestyle and home remedies

15. References Bennett JE, et al. Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 4, 2021. Tetanus: For clinicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/clinicians.html. Accessed March 4, 2021. Thwaites L. Tetanus. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 4, 2021. AskMayoExpert. Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccination. Mayo Clinic; 2020. Fowler GC, et al., eds. Wound dressing. In: Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 4, 2021. Havers FP, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices — United States, 2019. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2020; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903a5.