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1. Assessing the Current L evel of Professional S kills A mong P rimary S chool T eachers : A Need Analysis By Sifaullah Reg. No.38-Mphil/Edu/S22 M.Phil Education Supervisor: Dr. Quratul Ain Hina Department of Educational Sciences Faculty of Social Sciences National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad

2. Rationale of the Study Previous research has been conducted to assess the professional skills of school teachers based on the national professional standards in Punjab province by Parveen and Mughal ( 2022) and recommended that future researchers should conduct study to explore the teachers’ professional skills in other standards in other province. Siddiqui , Mughal, Soomro and Dool (2021)conducted their research to identify the needs and challenges of male teachers in Khyber Paktunkwa . Recommended that future researchers should conduct study to identify both male and female challenges. Current study is conducted to measure the level of professional skills in Balochistan both the male and female professional skills and to identify their needs and challenges in their professionalism.

3. Statement of the Problem Teachers’ Professionalism for 21 st century students’ needs such as dealing with the students’ individual difference in terms of cognitive, communication, research, interpersonal and enterprise skills leaves a gap for the researcher to find. The researcher chose the study to fill the gap in the literature to measure the level of professional skills among primary school teachers. Both male and female teachers have been main concerns when it comes to their assessment of their skills keeping communication, cognitive, research, interpersonal and enterprise in view.

4. Theoretical FRAMEWORK Teachers’ Professional Skills by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2012)

5. Objectives of the Study To measure the professional skills among primary school teachers. To compare the professional skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. To compare the professional skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender.

6. Continue.... 2a. To compare the teachers professional skills related to interpersonal skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. 2b. To compare the teachers professional skills related to cognitive skills on the basis of age. 2c. To compare the teachers professional skills related to communicative skills on the basis of age. 2d. To compare the teachers professional skills related to research skills on the basis of age. 2e. To compare the teachers professional skills related to organizational skills on the basis of age. 2f. To compare the teachers professional skills related to enterprise skills on the basis of age.

7. Continue.... 3a. To compare the teachers professional skills related to interpersonal skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender. 3b. To compare the teachers professional skills related to cognitive skills on the basis of gender. 3c. To compare the teachers professional skills related to communicative skills on the basis of gender. 3d. To compare the teachers professional skills related to research skills on the basis of gender. 3e. To compare the teachers professional skills related to organizational skills on the basis of gender. 3f. To compare the teachers professional skills related to enterprise skills on the basis of gender.

8. NULL HYPOTHESES H01 There is statistically no significant difference in professional skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age . H 1a There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ interpersonal skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. H 1b There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ cognitive skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. H 1c There is statistically no significant difference in teachers 'communicative skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age.

9. Continue.... H 1d There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ research skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. H 1e There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ organizational skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age. H 1f There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ enterprise skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age.

10. Continue.... H02 There is statistically no significant difference in professional skills among primary school teachers on the basis of age . H 2a There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ interpersonal skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender. H 2b There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ cognitive skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender. H 2c There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ communicative skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender.

11. Continue.... H 2d There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ research skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender. H 2e There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ organizational skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender. H 2f There is statistically no significant difference in teachers’ enterprise skills among primary school teachers on the basis of gender.

12. METHODOLOGY RESEARCH APPROACH Quantitative Research Approach RESEARCH DESIGN Comparative Research Design

13. Population Teachers of Primary School of Tehsil Turbat (Baluchistan). Table No. 1 Population of the Study (N=694) Primary Schools No. of Schools No. of Teachers Male 116 432 Female 70 262 Total 186 694 Source: Government of Baluchistan: I nnovative Development Organization (2017).

14. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling Technique Table No. 2 Sample of the Study (n=347) Sr. No Category Total Teachers Rate of Observed teachers/ Return 1 Female 131 347 (100%) 2 Male 216 3 Total 347

15. Table No. 3 Reliability of Research Instruments (n=347) Sr. No Tools Status Reliability Total No. of Items 1. Teachers’ Professional Skills Observation Sheet 2. Cognitive Skills 3. Communicative Skills 4. Research Skills 5. Organizational Skills 6. Enterprise Skills 7. Interpersonal Skills Self Developed .98 .84 .80 .95 .85 .95 .91 65 8 10 12 11 12 13 Instrumentation

16. Data Collection For the current study, The researcher had an observation sheet for data from the regular primary school teachers and researcher observed both male and female teachers and through 5 point Likert observational sheets, the teachers were observed.

17. Data analysis Table No. 4 Data Analysis Techniques Sr. No Research Objectives Null Hypotheses Statistical Tests 1. To measure the level of Professional Skills among Primary School Teachers. Individual Score 2. To compare the Professional Skills among Primary School Teachers on the basis of Age. H01 There is statistically no significant difference in Professional Skills among primary school Teachers on the basis of Age. Independent Sample T-Test 3. To compare the Professional Skills among Primary School Teachers on the basis of Gender. H02 There is statistically no significant difference in Professional Skills among primary school Teachers on the basis of Gender. ANOVA

18. Delimitations As the resources and time was limited so the study was delimited to: Primary Schools of Tehsil Turbat . Public Sector Only. Permanent Teachers of Public Primary Schools of Tehsil Turbat .

19. Results Objective No. 1 To measure the Levels of Professional Skills Among Primary School Teachers. Table No. 6 Level of Primary Teachers’ Professional skills (n=347) Variable Level of Teachers’ Professional Skills Score n Percentage Teachers’ Professional Skills Below Average 65 – 152 11 3% Average 153 – 239 32 9% Above Average 240 – 325 304 88%

20. Results Objective No. 2 To compare the Professional Skills among Primary School Teachers on the basis of Age. Table No. 7 Age wise Comparison of Teachers’ Professional Skill) (n=347) Variable Age Range N Mean Df F Sig. Teachers Professional Skills 20-30 21 240.666 343 6.774 .000   31-40 96 273.166         41-50 132 270.022         51-60 98 282.224         Total 347 272.5620      

21. Results Objective No. 3 To compare the Professional Skills among Primary School Teachers on the basis of Gender. Table No. 8 Gender wise Comparison of Teachers’ Professional Skill (n=347) Variable Gender N Mean T Df Sig. Teachers’ Professional Skills Observational Sheet Male   Female 216   131 279.310   261.435 3.432 345 .000

22. Conclusions It was concluded that mostly teachers (88%) possessed above average professional skills meanwhile (9%) teachers fall in average category and (3%) teachers possessed below average professional skills. It was concluded that there was statistically significant difference was found in teachers’ professional skills on the basis of age. Thus our H 01 was fail to accept which means that difference was existing in professional skills of different age groups of teachers. It was concluded that there was statistically significant difference between male and female teachers exist on the basis of teachers’ professional skills. However, male teachers’ possessed more professional skills as compare to female.

23. Recommendations On the basis of findings of the study, the researcher provided following recommendations: Teachers may attend Provincial Institute of Teacher Education (PITE) in Baluchistan to enhance their professional skills such as: Computer literacy and to improve English language skills. Schools may arrange workshops for teachers in which male teachers may collaborate with female teachers to exchange their ideas. Government may assess the teachers annually on the basis of tests and may issue them proper teaching license as it will help to enhance their teachers’ professional skills.

24. REFERENCES Ahmad, I., Rauf, M., Rashid, A., ur Rehman, S., & Salam, M. (2013). Analysis of the problems of primary education system in Pakistan: Critical review of literature.  Academic Research International ,  4 (2), 324. Siddiqui, K. A., Mughal, S. H., Soomro , I. A., & Dool , M. A. (2021). Teacher training in Pakistan: Overview of challenges and their suggested solutions. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 2(2), Parveen , Z., & Mughal, R. K. (2022). Exploring teachers’ assessment competency based on National Professional Standards for teachers in Punjab. Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 3(2), 439-452 . Gul, N & Ullah , I. (2020). Professional Knowledge and practices of Teachers at Secondary level. The Discourse, 6(2), 85-97.

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